WASHINGTON—The Trump administration’s peace plan for Ukraine demands sweeping territorial and security concessions from Kyiv while offering Moscow major economic and political incentives, including U.S. recognition of its claims to parts of Ukraine, to halt the nearly four-year-old war.

The White House has been pursuing a deal to end the conflict since President Trump took office in January, but the details of the terms he and his top aides were offering Russian President Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky have been kept largely under wraps until now.

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