[1] https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-kurdish-forces-race-save-integration-deal-ahead-deadline-2025-12-18/
[2] https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-kurdish-forces-race-save-integration-deal-ahead-deadline-2025-12-18/
[3] https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-kurdish-forces-race-save-integration-deal-ahead-deadline-2025-12-18/
[4] https://understandingwar.org/research/middle-east/iran-update-october-16-2025/ ; https://understandingwar.org/research/middle-east/iran-update-october-7-2025/
[5] https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-kurdish-forces-race-save-integration-deal-ahead-deadline-2025-12-18/
[6] https://understandingwar.org/research/middle-east/iran-update-november-19-2025/
[7] https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syria-kurdish-forces-race-save-integration-deal-ahead-deadline-2025-12-18/
[8] https://understandingwar.org/research/middle-east/iran-update-december-17-2025/
[9] https://www.turkiyetoday dot com/region/exclusive-syrias-13-point-final-offer-to-sdf-proposes-new-roadmap-for-reintegration-3211500?s=2
[10] https://www.turkiyetoday dot com/region/exclusive-syrias-13-point-final-offer-to-sdf-proposes-new-roadmap-for-reintegration-3211500?s=2
[11] https://www.alarabiya dot net/arab-and-world/syria/2025/12/18/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AD-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AF-3-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA
[12] https://www.alarabiya dot net/arab-and-world/syria/2025/12/18/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AD-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AF-3-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA
[13] https://www.alarabiya dot net/arab-and-world/syria/2025/12/18/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AD-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AF-3-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA
[14] https://x.com/deirezzore/status/2001398833222168912?s=46
[15] https://x.com/SyriaTransition/status/2001348144265597282
[16] https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/iran-update-december-17-2025
[17] https://understandingwar.org/research/middle-east/iran-update-october-23-2025-2/ ; https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/sectarian-violence-risks-dividing-syria-despite-sharaas-diplomacy-2025-09-15
[18] https://english.aawsat dot com/arab-world/5220300-fidan-barrack-discuss-merging-sdf-syrian-army-erdogan-warns-israeli-violations; https://www.dailysabah dot com/politics/turkish-fm-holds-closed-door-talks-with-us-envoy-tom-barrack/news
[19] https://youtu.be/l3n-wWWZgrQ?t=753
[20] https://x.com/idfonline/status/2001566725276398054 ; https://aawsat dot com/العالم-العربي/المشرق-العربي/5220852-غارات-إسرائيلية-تواكب-جهود-دعم-الجيش-اللبناني-وعشية-اجتماع ; https://x.com/LBCI_NEWS/status/2001564329586692254?s=20 ; https://x.com/MarioLeb79/status/2001566765210570977 ; https://x.com/LBCI_NEWS/status/2001567464359104989 ; https://t.me/alichoeib1970/14891 ; https://x.com/ariel_oseran/status/2001568479812427870 ; https://x.com/idfonline/status/2001572088524820698 ; https://x.com/NNALeb/status/2001574444465295666?s=20
[21] https://x.com/idfonline/status/2001566725276398054
[22] https://www.i24news dot tv/en/news/israel/defense/artc-idf-strikes-multiple-hezbollah-sites-across-lebanon-live-blog ; https://israel-alma dot org/qalaat-jabbour-hezbollahs-main-training-complex-in-lebanon-and-its-connection-to-the-iraqi-militia-asaʾib-ahl-al-haq/
[23] https://www.fdd.org/analysis/op_eds/2024/01/30/the-israel-air-force-bombed-a-hezbollahs-airstrip-in-lebanon-heres-whats-known-about-it/ ; https://t.me/idf_telegram/8702
[24] https://x.com/idfonline/status/2001572088524820698
[25] https://x.com/idfonline/status/1999394770418901307 ; https://x.com/idfonline/status/1998154082486513781 ; https://x.com/idfonline/status/1992290394986447293 ; https://x.com/idfonline/status/1992226762567172292 ; https://x.com/idfonline/status/1992119356789010701
[26] https://www.cnn.com/2024/09/17/middleeast/lebanon-pager-attack-explosions-hezbollah-explainer-intl-latam ; https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-airstrikes-rock-beirut-hezbollah-command-centre-hit-2024-09-28/ ; https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5y9wyy9pr2o
[27] https://www.alhadath dot net/2025/12/18/لبنان-يكسب-الوقت-واسرائيل-تتراجع-عن-المهلة-الزمنية
[28] https://www.alhadath dot net/2025/12/18/لبنان-يكسب-الوقت-واسرائيل-تتراجع-عن-المهلة-الزمنية
[29] https://aawsat dot com/شؤون-إقليمية/5220651-إسرائيل-تعيد-سكان-الشمال-وسط-استعدادات-لحرب-جديدة-على-لبنان
[30] https://www.inss dot org.il/publication/evacuation/ ; https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-adds-14-communities-northern-evacuation-plan-statement-2023-10-22/ ; https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2023/10/20/israel-evacuates-northern-communities-as-danger-of-hezbollah-escalation-grows/
[31] https://t.me/moriahdoron/26744
[32] https://www.naharnet dot com/stories/en/316935-aoun-says-israel-talks-positive-to-resume-december-19 ; https://aawsat dot com/العالم-العربي/المشرق-العربي/5220852-غارات-إسرائيلية-تواكب-جهود-دعم-الجيش-اللبناني-وعشية-اجتماع
[33] https://www.tasnimnews dot com/fa/news/1404/09/22/3470168/; https://defapress dot ir/fa/news/799660; https://kayhan dot ir/fa/news/324179/; https://farsnews dot ir/sistan_baluchestan/1765471862594149743/ ; https://www.hamshahrionline dot ir/news/1001924; https://www.agaah dot ir/news/18773 ; https://www.javanonline dot ir/fa/news/1334879
[34] SITE Intelligence Group, “Charter of Jaysh al-Adl-Affiliated MPF Lists Constituent Member Groups, Mentions Goal as “Deep Political Change” in Iran,” December 12, 2025, available by subscription at
www.siteintelgroup.com.
[35] https://www.tasnimnews dot com/fa/news/1404/09/22/3470168/; https://defapress dot ir/fa/news/799660; https://kayhan dot ir/fa/news/324179/; https://farsnews dot ir/sistan_baluchestan/1765471862594149743/ ; https://www.hamshahrionline dot ir/news/1001924; https://www.agaah dot ir/news/18773 ; https://www.javanonline dot ir/fa/news/1334879; https://www.tasnimnews dot com/fa/news/1404/06/05/3386222; SITE Intelligence Group, “Charter of Jaysh al-Adl-Affiliated MPF Lists Constituent Member Groups, Mentions Goal as “Deep Political Change” in Iran,” December 12, 2025, available by subscription at
www.siteintelgroup.com; https://understandingwar.org/research/middle-east/iran-update-december-15-2025/; https://www.tasnimnews dot com/fa/news/1404/06/05/3385738/; SITE Intelligence Group, ”Jaysh al-Adl Confirms Death of Several Fighters in Clashes with Iranian Police, IRGC in Sistan and Balochistan” August 27, 2025, available by subscription at www.siteintelgroup.com
[36] https://www.dni.gov/nctc/terrorist_groups/jaa.html; https://www.tabnak dot ir/fa/news/353821
[37] https://www.bbc.com/persian/articles/crgx515kxreo
[38] https://www.bbc.com/persian/articles/crgx515kxreo ; https://www.tabnak dot ir/fa/news/353821
[39] https://www.tabnak dot ir/fa/news/353821
[40] https://www.tabnak dot ir/fa/news/353821
[41] https://docs.un.org/en/S/2024/556 (pg. 17)
[42] https://www.tabnak dot ir/fa/tags/27702/1/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9-%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C
; https://www.bbc.com/persian/articles/crgx515kxreo
[43] https://www.tabnak dot ir/fa/news/430034;
; https://www.bbc.com/persian/articles/crgx515kxreo; https://farsi.alarabiya dot net/iran/2016/11/18/-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A2%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%84
[44] https://t.me/padabalochistan/5421
[45] SITE Intelligence Group, “Charter of Jaysh al-Adl-Affiliated MPF Lists Constituent Member Groups, Mentions Goal as “Deep Political Change” in Iran,” December 12, 2025, available by subscription at
www.siteintelgroup.com.
[46] https://www.tasnimnews dot com/fa/news/1404/09/22/3470168/ ; https://kayhan dot ir/fa/news/324179/
[47] https://t.me/jmmfront/25 ; SITE Intelligence Group, “Recently Formed MPF Urges Balochs and Other “Freedom-Seeking” Iranians to Hold Lawful Civil Campaign Against Regime” December 16,2025, available by subscription at www.siteintelgroup.com.; https://understandingwar.org/research/middle-east/iran-update-december-16-2025/
[48] https://www.bonbast.com/graph/usd
[49] https://www.tasnimnews dot com/fa/news/1404/07/02/3407049 ; https://www.tasnimnews dot com/fa/news/1404/07/02/3407172
[50] https://jepress dot ir/13260/1/6299
[51] https://x.com/mb_ghalibaf/status/2001597542744703145?s=20
[52] https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/21/world/middleeast/iran-economy-energy-crisis.html ; https://www.ft.com/content/17303661-8417-46c1-9bad-5bb1fd4b8ada ;
[53] https://defapress dot ir/fa/news/800633
[54] https://x.com/KayhanLondon/status/1919379229818401077 ; https://x.com/TMiddleEastern/status/1958579121413361789 ; https://x.com/ManotoNews/status/1950138719639355581
[55] https://x.com/KayhanLondon/status/1919379229818401077 ; https://x.com/TMiddleEastern/status/1958579121413361789 ; https://x.com/ManotoNews/status/1950138719639355581
[56] https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/15/world/middleeast/iran-gasoline-prices-rations.html
[57] https://saazandegi dot ir/تأمین-مواد-غذایی-را-جدی-بگیریم/
[58] https://saazandegi dot ir/تأمین-مواد-غذایی-را-جدی-بگیریم/
[59] https://saazandegi dot ir/تأمین-مواد-غذایی-را-جدی-بگیریم/
[60] https://fararu dot com/fa/news/897316
[61] https://understandingwar.org/research/middle-east/iran-update-march-7-2025/ ;
[62] https://www.foxnews.com/world/yemen-separatist-forces-seize-key-oil-region-urge-us-partner-against-iran-backed-houthis?msockid=16a4776a222d6b2a1fcb61d5230e6adb
[63] https://www.foxnews.com/world/yemen-separatist-forces-seize-key-oil-region-urge-us-partner-against-iran-backed-houthis?msockid=16a4776a222d6b2a1fcb61d5230e6adb
[64] https://al-ain dot com/article/houthis-mobilizing-forces-towards-southern-yemen
[65] https://www.foxnews.com/world/yemen-separatist-forces-seize-key-oil-region-urge-us-partner-against-iran-backed-houthis?msockid=16a4776a222d6b2a1fcb61d5230e6adb
[66] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/dec/08/seizure-south-yemen-uae-backed-forces-could-lead-independence-claim
[67] https://x.com/USEmbassyYemen/status/1998306334907994564?s=20
[68] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/dec/18/saudi-backed-forces-yemen-border-separatists-stc
[69] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/dec/18/saudi-backed-forces-yemen-border-separatists-stc
[70] https://x.com/BashaReport/status/2001454503237665014
[71] https://x.com/BashaReport/status/2001473625669410982
[72] https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/saudi-french-us-officials-push-hezbollah-disarmament-plan-2025-12-18/ ; https://english.alarabiya dot net/News/middle-east/2025/12/18/saudi-french-us-trilateral-meeting-to-be-held-on-lebanon-in-paris- ; https://english.aawsat dot com/arab-world/5220665-paris-meeting-sets-three-priorities-back-lebanese-army
[73] https://thisisbeirut dot com.lb/articles/1331026/paris-to-host-conference-supporting-laf-in-february ; https://nna-leb dot gov.lb/ar/سياسة/831241/الخارجية-الفرنسية-اجتماع-باريس-حول-لبنان-ناقش-وسائ
[74] https://today.lorientlejour dot com/article/1481725/international-donors-conferences-for-lebanon-on-track-france-waits-for-riyadh.html
[75] https://today.lorientlejour dot com/article/1481725/international-donors-conferences-for-lebanon-on-track-france-waits-for-riyadh.html
[76] https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/saudi-french-us-officials-push-hezbollah-disarmament-plan-2025-12-18/
[77] https://www.alhadath dot net/2025/12/18/بتمويل-ايراني-حزب-الله-يشيد-مجمعا-سكنيا-لنازحين-من-لبنان-وسوريا
[78] https://crisisresponse.iom.int/response/lebanon-crisis-response-plan-2026 ; https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/lifting-us-sanctions-syria-spur-refugee-returns-official-128514347
[79] https://www.alhadath dot net/2025/12/18/بتمويل-ايراني-حزب-الله-يشيد-مجمعا-سكنيا-لنازحين-من-لبنان-وسوريا
[80] https://www.alhadath dot net/2025/12/18/بتمويل-ايراني-حزب-الله-يشيد-مجمعا-سكنيا-لنازحين-من-لبنان-وسوريا
[81] https://www.lakeforest.edu/Public/Inter-Text/volume4/Kate%20Kiameh%20-%20The%20Social%20Services%20of%20Hezbollah.pdf