What we know so far about the US fighter jet shot down over Iran

The rescue of crew members of a downed jet is one of the most complex and time-sensitive operations – known as combat search and rescue (CSAR) missions – that the US military and its allies prepare for.

The elite air force units behind CSAR missions include some of the most highly trained and specialised members of the military.

“It’s the most dangerous military mission that I know of,” James Jeffrey, a military strategist and top US diplomat for the Middle East, told the BBC.

“These are Air Force special operations people who are trained almost to the level of Delta Force and Navy SEAL Team Six, but they also have medical capabilities,” Jeffrey said. “They will not give up until they can find a pilot if they think there’s any chance.”

CSAR missions are often conducted by helicopters, which fly low over enemy territory, alongside other military aircraft that conduct strikes and patrol the area.

A former commander of a pararescue jumpers squadron told CBS News that a rescue operation like the reported one in Iran would involve at least 24 pararescue jumpers scouring the area in Black Hawk helicopters.

They added the team would be prepared to jump from planes if needed, and once on the ground their priority would be to contact the missing crew member.

The crew of the downed jet are also highly trained for such situations.

“Their number one priority is to stay alive and to avoid capture,” Jennifer Kavanagh, a senior fellow and the director of military analysis at think tank Defense Priorities, told the BBC.

“And so they’re trained to – assuming that they’re physically capable, and not so injured that they can’t move – to try to get away from the ejection site as quickly as possible, and to conceal themselves so that they are safe.”

They’re also trained on survival techniques so that they can go without food or water, or find resources from the local terrain, for as long as possible, Kavanagh said.

Iran is offering rewards of about £50,000 ($66,100) to citizens who help capture the missing airman, state media has reported.