Labour MP Charlotte Nichols said she was waiving her right to anonymity as a victim of rape.
Nichols, who had not previously spoken in the House of Commons about her experience, told MPs: “I waited 1,088 days to go to court.
“Every single one of those days was agony, made worse by having a role in public life that meant that the mental health consequences of my trauma were played out in public, with the event that led to my eventual sectioning for my own safety still being something that I receive regular social media abuse from strangers about to this day.
“But here’s the kicker, in this debate, experiences like mine feel like they’ve been weaponised and are being used for rhetorical misdirection, for what this bill actually is.”
The MP for Warrington North said the man was acquitted in a criminal court but she was given compensation after a civil case found she had been raped.
But in a letter to Lammy, dozens of female Labour MPs urged the government to “remain steadfast in your pursuit of the much-needed reform and modernisation of our justice system” in the bill.
Speaking in the Commons, Labour MP Natalie Fleet, who signed the letter, argued the government was “stepping up for victims”.
Fleet, who has previously spoken about her own experience of being groomed and raped, said: “I can tell you from personal experience, you know what’s worse than being raped? Facing years of waiting to see if people believe you.”
She added: “This is not about denying anybody justice. This is about enabling victims and innocent parties to have a more efficient path to getting that justice.”
MPs voted on the overall principles of the measures in the bill during its second reading.
The 10 Labour MPs who voted against the bill were Apsana Begum, Richard Burgon, Ian Byrne, Imran Hussain, Kim Johnson, Ian Lavery, John McDonnell, Bell Ribeiro-Addy, Jon Trickett and Nadia Whittome.
There were 90 Labour MPs listed as no vote recorded, which can mean abstention.