That represents over 2,500km (1553 miles) in the saddle, with 20,000m of climbing over the course of six days.
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The ultracyclist will pedal for around 18 hours a day, sleeping for just three or four hours per night, accompanied by two colleagues, two Guinness judges to certify the record should he achieve it, a masseur, a mental coach, and two film makers who will record a documentary to be released in November.
The crew will also be responsible for looking after Mr Pellegrini’s bags.
He told the television station Lazio TG: “A world record in ultracycling is waiting in Edinburgh in Scotland.
“I’m doing it both for the sport but also to support the hospital in Borgo Roma in Verona to raise money for pancreatic cancer, especially prevention.”
The GB Rossi hospital in the city is a centre of excellence for treating patients with pancreatic cancer and for research into the pathology of pancreatic tumours which is a crucial factor in patient survival.
The money raised will support research into family history and genetic predisposition to such tumours.
Mr Pellegrini’s route will take him up the west coast of Italy, through his native Livorno and the Piedmont capital of Turin, over the alps into Switzerland before passing through France, crossing the channel at Calais, and heading north.
He is aiming to raise €7,500 and donations can be made here. His route can be followed on Garmin here.