Victorian Opposition Leader Jess Wilson will move a motion of no-confidence in Premier Jacinta Allan on Thursday.
The motion will be debated on July 28, before members vote on the Premier’s leadership.
Ms Wilson said the move was aimed at holding the government to account over a series of issues.
These included Victoria’s growing debt burden, the abandoned Commonwealth Games and allegations of corruption linked to taxpayer-funded Big Build projects.
The announcement comes after Ms Allan survived an internal leadership threat after Deputy Premier Ben Carroll decided against mounting a challenge.
Ms Wilson said Victorians were ready for a change of government ahead of the state election on November 28.
“Victoria needs a fresh start and that begins with changing the government and the Premier,” Ms Wilson said.
“It’s time for a new government with the right priorities and a clear plan to deliver for Victorians.
“My Liberal and Nationals team has a plan to ease cost of living pressures, grow our economy, end the crime crisis and restore hope and prosperity to Victoria.”
Under Victorian parliamentary rules, the Opposition is limited to one unsuccessful no-confidence motion during a four-year term.
The Victorian Constitution allows a no-confidence motion to be moved once during a parliamentary term.
If such a motion succeeds, it could trigger the dissolution of the Legislative Assembly and force an election.
As political pressure intensified this week, members of Labor’s Left and Mr Carroll’s Right faction were reported to have discussed replacing Ms Allan as pressure mounted.
Those plans did not proceed after Mr Carroll withdrew from any potential leadership challenge on Monday.
Ms Allan has since argued her opponents would face difficulties forming government without broader political support.
The Premier also warned a parliament involving both the Coalition and One Nation could create instability for Victoria.
Her comments came after two opinion polls published last week showed the party had dropped to third place behind the Coalition and One Nation.
The last no-confidence motion against a Victorian premier was moved in October 2020 against Daniel Andrews.
At the time, Mr Andrews faced criticism over the state’s handling of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Opposition also attempted a no-confidence motion in the lead-up to the 2018 election.
Then-opposition leader Matthew Guy brought the motion over Labor’s so-called rorts-for-votes scandal involving taxpayer funds.
It was defeated by 49 votes to 33.