{"id":252047,"date":"2025-10-31T00:32:13","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T00:32:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/au\/252047\/"},"modified":"2025-10-31T00:32:13","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T00:32:13","slug":"humanitarianism-jacob-burns-constructing-the-risk-threshold","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/au\/252047\/","title":{"rendered":"Humanitarianism &#8211; Jacob Burns &#8211; Constructing the Risk Threshold"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Humanitarianism<\/p>\n<p>October 2025<\/p>\n<p>\u200c<br \/>\u200c<br \/>\u200c<br \/>\u200c<br \/>\u200c<br \/>\u200c<br \/>\u200c<br \/>\u200c<br \/>\u200c<br \/>\u200c<\/p>\n<p>Notes<\/p>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<p>The author was project coordinator for MSF in Cit\u00e9 Soleil from August to November 2023 and April to June 2024.<\/p>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<p>See Justin Elliott et al., \u201cHow the Red Cross Raised Half a Billion Dollars for Haiti and Built Six Homes,\u201d ProPublica, June 3, 2015, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/how-the-red-cross-raised-half-a-billion-dollars-for-haiti-and-built-6-homes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u279d<\/a>;  Damien Gayle, \u201cTimeline: Oxfam Sexual Exploitation Scandal in Haiti,\u201d The Guardian, June 15, 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2018\/jun\/15\/timeline-oxfam-sexual-exploitation-scandal-in-haiti\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u279d<\/a>; and Emmanuel Baron et al., \u201cThe Origins of the 2010 Haiti Cholera Outbreak,\u201d Humanitarian Alternatives, March 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alternatives-humanitaires.org\/en\/2024\/03\/19\/the-origins-of-the-2010-haiti-cholera-outbreak\/ \" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u279d<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<p>Cholera Outbreak OCG E-Cell response in Haiti, 2010-2011, MSF, <a href=\"https:\/\/evaluation.msf.org\/sites\/default\/files\/attachments\/haiti_cholera_outbreak_e-snapshot.pdf \" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u279d<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<p>Chelsey L. Kivland, Street Sovereigns: Young Men and the Makeshift State in Urban Haiti (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2020).<\/p>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHaiti : A Path to Stability for a Nation in Shock\u201d, International Crisis Group, September 30, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.crisisgroup.org\/latin-america-caribbean\/haiti\/b44-haiti-path-stability-nation-shock \" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u279d<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<p>The Population of Cit\u00e9 Soleil in the Grip of Gang Violence, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), February 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/countries\/ht\/investigative-report-human-rights-abuses-committed-gangs-zone-brooklyn-july-december-2022.pdf \" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u279d<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>7<\/p>\n<p>Retrospective Estimate of Crude Mortality and the Level of Violence Suffered by the Population of Cit\u00e9 Soleil, Port-au-Prince, Haiti, Between July 2022 and August 2023, Epicentre, November 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/epicentre.msf.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-03\/Final%20Report%20Survey%20Cit%C3%A9%20Soleil_Haiti%202023_english_022024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u279d<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHaiti: Violence and Police Threats Force MSF to Suspend Work in Port-au-Prince,\u201d MSF, November 20, 2024, <a href=\"https:\/\/msf.org.uk\/article\/haiti-violence-and-police-threats-force-msf-suspend-work-port-au-prince\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">\u279d<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u200c<br \/>\u200c<br \/>\u200c<br \/>\u200c<br \/>\u200c<\/p>\n<p>\u00a9 2025 e-flux and the author<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Humanitarianism October 2025 \u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c Notes 1 The author was project coordinator for MSF in Cit\u00e9 Soleil from August&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":252048,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[449,458,459,64,63,460,134],"class_list":{"0":"post-252047","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-arts-and-design","8":"tag-arts","9":"tag-arts-and-design","10":"tag-artsanddesign","11":"tag-au","12":"tag-australia","13":"tag-design","14":"tag-entertainment"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/252047","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=252047"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/252047\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/252048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=252047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=252047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/au\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=252047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}