Technologies, Supply, Markets, Forecasts: IDTechEx

1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1.1.What are rare earth magnets1.2.Rare earth magnets outperform competing technologies on most metrics1.3.Rare earth magnets are applied in electric mobility, consumer electronics, data center, industrial, aerospace and energy markets1.4.Rare earths are critical materials1.5.Regional market share of rare earth mining, processing, metallization, and magnet production1.6.Historical price volatility and recent technology and material export restrictions fuel rare earth supply uncertainty1.7.Clusters of rare earth supply chains set to emerge by 20361.8.Rare earth magnet supply chain overview: Key players1.9.Challenges facing emerging rare earth supply chains1.10.Key takeaways and outlook for global rare earth mining1.11.Solvent extraction remains the preferred rare earth separation technology amongst incumbent players as strategies diverge for emerging players1.12.Rare earth metallization and magnet production trends and key takeaways1.13.Emerging rare earth magnet production outlook outside of China, 2025-20361.14.Overview of global rare earth magnet demand in 20251.15.NdFeB and SmCo market share by demand and common applications1.16.Rare earth permanent magnet product trends in key markets1.17.Electric motor type market share forecast and outlook for NdFeB magnets in e-mobility1.18.Wind turbine capacity expansion and increasing magnet usage will drive growth for NdFeB magnets1.19.Humanoid robots are set to drive demand for rare earth magnets in robotics1.20.Technology and market trends in rare earth magnet application verticals1.21.Overview of key technologies for recycling rare earth magnets from waste1.22.Long-loop and short-loop rare earth magnet recycling technology assessment and key players1.23.Overview of opportunities and trends for long-loop and short-loop rare earth magnet recycling technologies1.24.Availability of magnets for recycling influenced by lifetimes of integrated products and recycling efficiency1.25.10-year global rare earth magnet production forecast by region (tonnes), 2026-20361.26.10-year global rare earth magnet revenue forecast by application (US$M), 2026-20361.27.10-year global rare earth magnet recycling and capacity forecast by feedstock source (tonnes), 2026-20361.28.10-year global rare earth magnet recycling value forecast by material recovered (US$M), 2026-20361.29.Access More With an IDTechEx Subscription2.INTRODUCTION2.1.What are rare earth magnets2.2.Rare earth magnets outperform competing technologies on most metrics2.3.Rare earths are critical materials2.4.Rare earth element demand is concentrating in magnet applications2.5.NdFeB magnets offer high magnetic strength while SmCo magnets are suited for high temperature operation2.6.Rare earth magnets are applied in electric mobility, consumer electronics, data center, industrial, aerospace and energy markets2.7.Overview of rare earth magnet supply chain2.8.Rare earth supply and magnet production is consolidated in China2.9.Historical price volatility and recent technology and material export restrictions fuel rare earth supply uncertainty2.10.Drivers for emerging rare earth supply chains2.11.Emerging policy and regulations on rare earth supply3.RARE EARTH MINING, PROCESSING, AND MAGNET PRODUCTION3.1.Overview of rare earth magnet supply chains3.1.1.Overview of rare earth magnet supply chain3.1.2.Regional market share of rare earth mining, processing, metallization, and magnet production3.1.3.Clusters of rare earth supply chains set to emerge by 20363.1.4.Rare earth magnet supply chain overview: Key players3.1.5.Challenges facing emerging rare earth supply chains3.2.Rare earth mining3.2.1.Overview of global rare earth mining3.2.2.Key takeaways and outlook for global rare earth mining3.2.3.Rare earth mining projects focus on just a handful of minerals3.2.4.Rare earth content in bastnäsite, monazite, and xenotime minerals3.2.5.Comparing hard rock and ionic clay rare earth deposits3.2.6.Rare earth occurrences and deposits available across the world3.2.7.Global rare earth production led by China, with USA, Myanmar and Australia key producers3.2.8.Overview of major global rare earth mining projects3.2.9.Regional breakdown of rare earth mining3.2.10.China set to remain global leader in rare earth mine production by 2036, despite increasing capacity worldwide3.2.11.Global rare earth mining expansion overview, 2025-20363.2.12.China continues to increase rare earth production, remaining major global producer3.2.13.Notable mining projects and developments in China3.2.14.Rare earth mine production in Asia benefits from proximity to processing and separation infrastructure in China3.2.15.Rare earth production in Myanmar has steadily increased, benefiting from exports to China3.2.16.In-situ leaching of rare earths from ion-adsorption clays3.2.17.Overview of rare earth mine production in North America3.2.18.North America: Mountain Pass3.2.19.North America: Nechalacho Mine and Tardiff Project3.2.20.Future rare earth mining projects in Canada3.2.21.Overview of rare earth mine production in Australia and emerging projects3.2.22.Australia: Mount Weld3.2.23.Australia: Yangibana Project3.2.24.Australia: Nolans Project3.2.25.Australia: Goschen and Cannie Projects3.2.26.Numerous projects hold high potential for rare earth mining in Africa3.2.27.Overview of upcoming rare earth mining projects in Africa3.2.28.Rare earth mining and opportunities in South America3.2.29.Overview of emerging rare earth mining projects in Europe3.2.30.Mineralogy of advanced projects in Europe3.2.31.Light rare earths dominate European reserves, but total rare earth oxide content low compared to high grade deposits globally3.2.32.Europe: Fen Project3.2.33.Europe: Olserum Rare Earth Project3.2.34.Rare earth mine development and economics3.2.35.The lifecycle of rare earth mineral discovery: Activity and risks3.2.36.Rare earth mineral discovery lifetime and value opportunities3.2.37.Challenges facing new rare earth mine development towards production3.2.38.Rare earth oxide price volatility presents challenges for financing new mines and impacts profitability of existing mines3.2.39.Guarantors could derisk rare earth price volatility impact on new mines, but have yet to be validated3.3.Rare earth processing and separation3.3.1.Overview of rare earth processing, separation, and feedstock sources3.3.2.Key takeaways and outlook for global rare earth processing and separation3.3.3.Rare earth processing and separation technologies3.3.4.Overview of rare earth processing and separation: From ore to oxide3.3.5.Cracking and leaching rare earth concentrates3.3.6.Hydrometallurgical processing of bastnaesite, monazite, and mixed rare earth concentrates3.3.7.Bioleaching is an emerging rare earth extraction technology, but is unlikely to displace conventional cracking and leaching approaches3.3.8.SWOT analysis of bioleaching for rare earth extraction3.3.9.Solvent extraction and chromatography technologies for rare earth separation3.3.10.Solvent extraction achieves sequential separation of rare earths using liquid-liquid extraction3.3.11.Multiple solvent extraction lines are required to fully separate light and heavy rare earths from one another3.3.12.Common chemicals and ligands used for rare earth separation3.3.13.SWOT analysis of solvent extraction rare earth separation technology3.3.14.Liquid chromatography rare earth separation technology offers feedstock flexibility3.3.15.Overview of chromatography technologies and material requirements for rare earth separation3.3.16.SWOT analysis of liquid chromatography rare earth separation technology3.3.17.Solvent extraction remains standard rare earth separation technology, despite increasing liquid chromatography technology adoption3.3.18.Global rare earth processing and separation capacity and expansion plans3.3.19.Overview of global rare earth separation and processing in 20243.3.20.Global rare earth separation capacity and key players3.3.21.China remains world leader in rare earth processing and separation, producing over 254,000 tonnes of separated rare earth oxides in 20243.3.22.China continues to ramp up rare earth processing and separation3.3.23.Light and heavy rare earth separation and refining capacity in China3.3.24.Rare earth processing capacity outside of China expected to increase five-fold by 20363.3.25.Outlook for increased rare earth processing and separation in China3.3.26.China set to retain majority share of global rare earth separation by 2036, despite increasing capacity in Asia, North America, and Europe3.3.27.Asia is a major rare earth processing and separation hub outside of China3.3.28.Lynas Malaysia is an eastern hub for rare earth processing and crucial downstream processor for the Mount Weld mine3.3.29.Asia set to remain important global rare earth processing hub outside of China3.3.30.Rare-earth processing in Europe to expand, presenting opportunities for both solvent extraction and liquid chromatography technologies3.3.31.Major rare earth separation projects in Europe3.3.32.Emerging rare earth separation in Europe: Projects, capacities, timelines3.3.33.Rare earth processing in North America could achieve 7-fold increase in capacity by 20353.3.34.Rare earth separation projects in North America3.3.35.Emerging rare earth separation projects in North America3.3.36.Australia rare earth carbonate production to ramp up, but separation capacity remains limited3.3.37.Rare earth processing and separation market outlook and challenges3.3.38.Solvent extraction remains the preferred rare earth separation technology amongst incumbent players as strategies diverge for emerging players3.3.39.Challenges facing rare earth processors and separators in the midstream3.3.40.Rare earth separation contributes the majority of OpEx costs for miners3.3.41.Depressed rare earth prices continue to pose a challenge to the economic viability of midstream processors3.3.42.Rare earth oxides used in magnets disproportionally dominate feedstock value3.4.Rare earth metallization and magnet production3.4.1.Overview of rare earth metallization, alloy and magnet production3.4.2.Rare earth metallization and magnet production: Summary and key takeaways3.4.3.Rare earth metallization and alloy production3.4.4.Metallization: Common rare earth magnet metals and alloy products3.4.5.Rare earth metals are produced by smelting and reduction3.4.6.Rare earth metallization by molten salt electrolysis and metallothermic processing3.4.7.Molten salt electrolysis refining is preferred for rare earth metallization3.4.8.Vacuum distillation is used to purify heavy rare earths3.4.9.Strip casting used to tune coercivity and remanence of NdFeB and SmCo alloys3.4.10.China refines 90% of global rare earth metals for magnet applications3.4.11.Global rare earth refining capacity in 20253.4.12.Rare earth metal refiners outside of China and development plans (1/2)3.4.13.Rare earth metal refiners outside of China and development plans (2/2)3.4.14.Opportunities and challenges for rare earth refining3.4.15.2025 export restrictions on dysprosium, terbium, and NdFeB alloys underscore lack of alternatives for rare earth metallization3.4.16.Outlook for rare earth metallization3.4.17.Rare earth magnet technologies and production3.4.18.Rare earth magnet technologies3.4.19.Overview of established magnet technologies and rare earth magnets3.4.20.Rare earth magnets outperform competing technologies on most metrics3.4.21.NdFeB magnets are the strongest commercially available magnets in 20253.4.22.Praseodymium and heavy rare earths improve performance of NdFeB magnets3.4.23.NdFeB magnet grades and performance characteristics3.4.24.Influence of dysprosium alloying on NdFeB magnet properties and common applications of different magnet grades3.4.25.High rare earth metal costs have the biggest influence on overall NdFeB magnet price3.4.26.SmCo magnets balance high magnetic strength with high thermal stability3.4.27.NdFeB magnets offer high magnetic strength while SmCo magnets are suited for high temperature operation3.4.28.Manufacturing methods for sintered rare earth magnets3.4.29.Bonded rare earth magnets improve mechanical strength and cost compared to sintered materials3.4.30.Benchmarking of coatings for sintered rare earth magnets3.4.31.Manufacturing bonded rare earth magnets using injection molding and compression molding3.4.32.Rare earth magnet manufacturing innovation areas focus on improving performance, reducing rare earth content, and improving process efficiency3.4.33.Grain boundary diffusion reduces heavy rare earth content by localizing dysprosium and terbium alloys on grain surfaces3.4.34.Evaluation of heavy rare earth doping in sintered and grain boundary engineered NdFeB magnets3.4.35.Strategies for reducing heavy rare earth content by grain boundary diffusion3.4.36.Manufacturers and product OEMs take advantage of grain boundary diffusion to lower rare earth content of NdFeB magnets3.4.37.Advanced jet milling technologies to improve coercivity of NdFeB magnets without heavy rare earths3.4.38.Other innovations in rare earth magnet manufacturing3.4.39.Rare earth magnet market and global production3.4.40.Overview of global rare earth magnet production and capacity in 20253.4.41.Global rare earth magnet production and key manufacturers by region3.4.42.NdFeB materials dominate global magnet production, as SmCo materials service market niches3.4.43.China leads global rare earth magnet production, with additional capacity available3.4.44.The ‘MAGnificent Six’: Rare earth magnet production in China dominated by several players3.4.45.Rare earth magnet production capacity in China to almost double over the next decade3.4.46.Global magnet manufacturers increasingly establishing production capacity and operations in China3.4.47.China imposes export restrictions on NdFeB and SmCo magnets in April 20253.4.48.Asia represents key rare earth magnet production region outside of China, but production capacity expansion limited3.4.49.Japan, Vietnam, South Korea and Thailand represent key rare earth magnet manufacturing hubs in Asia3.4.50.Regional market overview and trends in Asia3.4.51.Rare earth magnet manufacturing capacity in Europe set to grow in line with an emerging domestic midstream3.4.52.Estonia and Germany are key rare earth magnet manufacturing hubs in Europe3.4.53.Neo Performance Materials begins production at site in Estonia in 20253.4.54.USA trails in rare earth magnet production, despite significant domestic mining operations3.4.55.Planned rare earth magnet manufacturing expansion in USA3.4.56.Global rare earth magnet production forecast, 2025-20363.4.57.Emerging rare earth magnet production outlook outside of China, 2025-20363.4.58.Rare earth magnet manufacturers are strategic partners for customers in energy, electric mobility, consumer electronics, and industrial applications3.4.59.Opportunities and challenges for new entrants in magnet manufacturing4.RARE EARTH MAGNET APPLICATIONS4.1.Overview of rare earth magnet demand4.1.1.Rare earth magnet applications and demand: Overview and key takeaways4.1.2.Technology and market trends in rare earth magnet application verticals4.1.3.Overview of rare earth permanent magnet application markets4.1.4.Overview of global rare earth magnet demand in 20254.1.5.NdFeB and SmCo market share by demand and common applications4.1.6.Rare earth permanent magnet weight demand in key applications4.1.7.Rare earth permanent magnet product trends in key markets4.2.Electric vehicles and e-mobility4.2.1.Overview of e-mobility markets for rare earth magnets4.2.2.Electrified Share of New Sales4.2.3.Summary of Traction Motor Types4.2.4.Electric Motor Type Market Share by Vehicle4.2.5.Average Motor Power 2023 by Vehicle Category (kW)4.2.6.Electric Vehicles – Motor Sizing4.2.7.Motor Type Power Density Benchmark4.2.8.Electric motor type market share forecast and outlook for NdFeB magnets in e-mobility4.2.9.Convergence on PM Motors by Major Automakers4.2.10.Traction Motors of Choice for Electric Buses4.2.11.Magnetic Material Distribution in Rotors4.2.12.ID4 vs Leaf vs Model 3 Rotors4.2.13.Volatility of EV Motor Materials4.2.14.The Market Drive to Eliminate Rare Earths4.2.15.Tesla’s Next Generation Motor4.2.16.How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (1)4.2.17.How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (2)4.2.18.How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (3)4.2.19.Rare Earth Reduction Progress in Japan4.2.20.Toyota’s Neodymium Reduced Magnet4.2.21.Ferrite Performance vs Neodymium in Motors4.2.22.Ferrite Performance vs Neodymium4.2.23.OEM & Tier 1 Approaches to Eliminate Rare Earths4.2.24.Impact of magnet export restrictions on automotive industry4.2.25.Related IDTechEx Research on E-Mobility Technologies and Markets4.3.Energy (Wind Turbines)4.3.1.Introduction to the wind energy sector and the role of rare earth magnets4.3.2.Traditional wind turbine structure and materials4.3.3.Rare earth permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) for wind turbines4.3.4.Rare earth magnets enable weight reduction and greater efficiency in wind turbines4.3.5.Rare earth magnets in direct drive and geared drive wind turbines4.3.6.Rare earth magnet usage in wind turbines depends on blade rotational speed4.3.7.Wind turbine blades size and capacity continues to grow4.3.8.Global wind turbine manufacturing capacity by company4.3.9.Wind turbine capacity expansion and increasing magnet usage will drive growth for NdFeB magnets4.4.Consumer electronics and data centers4.4.1.Overview of consumer electronics and data center applications of rare earth magnets4.4.2.Magnet demand in consumer electronics4.4.3.What are HDDs? How Do They Work?4.4.4.HDDs Market Historically4.4.5.HDD demand drops in edge applications as solid-state memory emerging as top of class4.4.6.Hard disk drive demand consolidates in cloud and data center applications4.4.7.Outlook for permanent magnet demand in hard disk drive applications4.5.Robotics4.5.1.Overview of rare earth magnets in robotics4.5.2.Example functions of rare earth magnets in robotics4.5.3.Humanoid robots are set to drive demand for rare earth magnets in robotics4.5.4.Humanoid robots4.5.5.Humanoid Robotics Overview4.5.6.What is accelerating the adoption of humanoid robots?4.5.7.Actuator – technical comparison and challenges4.5.8.Electric motors are getting increasingly popular4.5.9.A summary of motors for different humanoid robotics companies4.5.10.NdFeB – rare earth permanent magnets4.5.11.Rare earth metals are commonly used in electric vehicles, leading to supply chain synergies to humanoid robotics industry4.5.12.Direct drive motors – frameless motors4.5.13.Frameless motors – can be used for direct drive actuator or geared actuation4.5.14.Brushed/Brushless motors4.5.15.Coreless motors – type of brushed motors4.5.16.Summary of motors4.5.17.Use case: Tesla Optimus motors4.5.18.Cost analysis by component4.5.19.Maturity of commercialization of humanoid robots by application4.5.20.Humanoids market by country and primary use-case4.5.21.Estimated timeline of tasks handled by humanoid robots in the logistics industry4.5.22.Collaborative robots4.5.23.Collaborative robots (Cobots)4.5.24.Traditional industrial robots vs. collaborative robots4.5.25.Roadmap and Maturity Analysis of Cobots by Industry4.5.26.Overview of commercialized cobots4.5.27.Mobile robots4.5.28.Mobile Robotics in Intralogistic4.5.29.Supply Chain Analysis of Mobile Robots4.5.30.Automated Guide Vehicles & Carts (AGV/Cs)4.5.31.Exotec Systems4.6.Other magnet mature markets4.6.1.Rare earth magnets in automotive technologies4.6.2.Rare earth magnets in industrial applications4.6.3.NdFeB magnets in medical imaging4.6.4.Aerospace and marine applications of rare earth magnets5.RARE EARTH MAGNET RECYCLING5.1.Overview of rare earth magnet recycling5.1.1.Rare earth magnet recycling – Chapter overview5.1.2.Trends in rare earth magnet recycling5.1.3.Critical rare earth elements: Product markets and applications5.1.4.Critical rare earth elements: Geographic concentration of primary material supply chain5.1.5.Rare earth element demand concentrating in magnet applications5.1.6.Primary and secondary material streams for rare-earth element recovery5.1.7.Rare earth element content in secondary material sources5.2.Rare earth recycling technologies5.2.1.Overview of key technologies for recycling rare earth magnets from waste5.2.2.Long-loop and short-loop rare earth recycling methods5.2.3.Short-loop rare-earth magnet recycling by hydrogen decrepitation5.2.4.Short-loop rare-earth magnet recycling by powder metallurgy5.2.5.Short-loop recycled magnets show weaker magnetic properties compared to virgin magnets5.2.6.SWOT analysis of short-loop rare-earth magnet recycling5.2.7.Long-loop magnet recycling5.2.8.Long-loop rare-earth magnet recycling: Recovery technologies5.2.9.Long-loop magnet recovery using solvent extraction5.2.10.Breakdown of operating expenditure (OpEx) of long-loop recycling using solvent extraction5.2.11.Liquid chromatography rare earth separation technology offers feedstock flexibility5.2.12.Liquid chromatography uses ion exchange resins to recycle magnets5.2.13.Emerging business model for rare earth recovery using ion exchange / liquid chromatography5.2.14.SWOT analysis of long-loop rare earth magnet recycling recovery5.2.15.Short-loop and long-loop rare earth magnet recycling: Summary and key players5.2.16.The role of waste pre-processing and automation in magnet recycling5.3.Rare earth recycling markets5.3.1.Rare earth magnet recycling in 2025 dominated by long-loop technology5.3.2.Overview of key rare earth recyclers5.3.3.Emerging rare-earth magnet recycling value chain5.3.4.Global rare earth magnet recyclers5.3.5.Circular supply chains for critical rare earths are emerging out of necessity5.3.6.Increasing rare earth magnet recycling capacity by 2030 highlights need for greater feedstock sourcing to maximize utilization5.3.7.Electric motors, energy generators, and hard disk drives emerge as key secondary sources of rare earths5.3.8.Pre-processing challenges for rare-earth magnet recycling from electric rotors5.3.9.Availability of magnets for recycling influenced by lifetimes of integrated products and recycling efficiency5.3.10.Magnet manufacturing waste to become a key feedstock for recyclers until end-of-life waste availability increases5.3.11.Many long-loop recyclers focus on securing primary mineral feedstocks until secondary sources come online5.3.12.Barriers to growth and areas requiring development for rare earth magnet recovery growth to be realized5.4.Summary and outlook5.4.1.Rare-earth magnet recovery technology summary and outlook5.4.2.Rare-earth magnet market summary and outlook5.4.3.Overview of opportunities and trends for long-loop and short-loop rare earth magnet recycling technologies5.4.4.Innovation areas for rare-earth magnet recycling5.4.5.Rare earth magnet recycling value chain6.MARKET FORECASTS FOR RARE EARTH MAGNETS6.1.Forecasting methodology6.1.1.Forecasting methodology6.1.2.Forecasting assumptions6.1.3.Forecasting price assumptions6.1.4.Discontinuity in feedstock availability from renewable energy applications for recycling6.2.Rare earth magnet supply forecasts6.2.1.10-year global rare earth magnet production forecast by region (tonnes), 2026-20366.2.2.10-year global rare earth magnet production forecast by region, excluding China (tonnes), 2026-20366.3.Rare earth magnet demand forecasts6.3.1.10-year global rare earth magnet demand forecast by application (tonnes), 2026-20366.3.2.Global rare earth magnet demand share by application (weight, tonnes), 2026-20366.3.3.10-year global rare earth magnet demand forecast in mature markets (tonnes), 2026-20366.3.4.10-year global rare earth magnet demand in e-mobility and electric vehicles forecast (tonnes), 2026-20366.3.5.10-year global rare earth magnet demand in wind turbines forecast (tonnes), 2026-20366.3.6.10-year global rare earth magnet demand in robotics forecast (tonnes), 2026-20366.3.7.10-year global rare earth magnet demand forecast by material (tonnes), 2026-20366.3.8.10-year global rare earth magnet demand forecast by material, excluding iron (tonnes), 2026-20366.3.9.10-year global rare earth magnet demand forecast by material (tonnes), 2026-20366.3.10.10-year global rare earth magnet demand forecast by magnet material (tonnes), 2026-20366.3.11.10-year global rare earth magnet revenue forecast by application (US$M), 2026-20366.3.12.10-year global rare earth magnet supply and demand forecast (ktonnes), 2026-20366.4.Magnet recycling forecasts6.4.1.10-year global rare earth magnet recycling and capacity forecast by feedstock source (tonnes), 2026-20366.4.2.10-year global rare earth magnet recycling forecast by feedstock source (tonnes), 2026-20366.4.3.10-year forecast of rare earth magnet recycling feedstock composition, 2026-20366.4.4.10-year global rare earth magnet recycling forecast by technology (tonnes), 2026-20366.4.5.10-year global rare earth magnet production forecast, segmented by primary and secondary source, 2026-20366.4.6.10-year global rare earth magnet recycling forecast by material recovered (tonnes), 2026-20366.4.7.10-year global rare earth magnet recycling value forecast by material recovered (US$M), 2026-20367.COMPANY PROFILES7.1.1X Technologies7.2.Advanced Electric Machines: Rare Earth Free Motors7.3.Apptronik, Inc7.4.Australian Strategic Materials Ltd (ASM)7.5.Carester (Caremag)7.6.Carester (Caremag)7.7.Cyclic Materials7.8.Cyclic Materials7.9.EVR Motors7.10.Garner Products7.11.GeMMe (Georesources, Mineral Engineering and Extractive Metallurgy)7.12.HyProMag7.13.HyProMag Ltd7.14.Ionic Rare Earths7.15.Ionic Technologies7.16.JL Mag7.17.Metalysis7.18.Modal Motors7.19.Monumo: AI Motor Design7.20.Niron Magnetics: Rare Earth Free Permanent Magnets7.21.Noveon Magnetics7.22.QuantumScape7.23.Rare Earth Technologies Inc. (RETi)7.24.ReElement Technologies7.25.REETec7.26.Seloxium7.27.Tesla: We, Robot Optimus Reveal7.28.Unitree Robotics: Humanoid Robotics7.29.Victrex7.30.ZF: SELECT Drive Unit