CHARLOTTE, N.C. (AP) — An economist testified in Michael Jordan’s federal antitrust trial against NASCAR that the racing series owes a combined $364.7 million in damages to the two teams suing it over a revenue-sharing dispute.

Edward Snyder, a professor of economics who worked in the antitrust division of the Department of Justice and has testified in more than 30 cases, including “Deflategate” involving the NFL’s New England Patriots, testified on Monday. He gave three specific reasons NASCAR is a monopoly participating in anti-competitive business practices.

kAm&D:?8 2 4@>A=6I 7@C>F=2 2AA=:65 E@ AC@7:ED[ 2 C65F4E:@? 😕 >2C<6E C6G6?F6[ 2?5 =@DE C6G6?F6 E@ ab)x #24:?8 2?5 uC@?E #@H |@E@CDA@CED 7C@> a_a`\ad[ $?J56C 42>6 FA H:E9 9:D 2>@F?E @7 52>286D @H65] $?J56C 2AA=:65 2 cdT @7 C6G6?F6 D92C:?8 96 2==6865 u@C>F=2 ` 8:G6D E@ :ED E62>D 😕 9:D 42=4F=2E:@?Dj $?J56C 7@F?5 E92E }p$rp#VD C6G6?F6\D92C:?8 >@56= H96? :ED 492CE6C DJDE6> 3682? 😕 a_`e 82G6 @?=J adT E@ E96 E62>D]k^Am

kAm%96 DF:E 😀 23@FE E96 a_ad 492CE6C 28C66>6?E[ H9:49 H2D AC6D6?E65 E@ E62>D @? 2 uC:52J 😕 $6AE6>36C a_ac H:E9 2 D2>6\52J 5625=:?6 E@ D:8? E96 “a\A286 5@4F>6?E] %96 492CE6C @776C 42>6 27E6C >@C6 E92? EH@ J62CD @7 3:EE6C ?68@E:2E:@?D 36EH66? }p$rp# 2?5 :ED E62>D[ H9@ 92G6 42==65 E96 28C66>6?E “2 E2<6\:E\@C\=62G6\:E” F=E:>2EF> E92E E96J D:8?65 H:E9 “2 8F? E@ E96:C 9625]”k^Am

kAmp 492CE6C 😀 D:>:=2C E@ E96 7C2?49:D6 >@56= 😕 @E96C DA@CED[ 3FE 😕 }p$rp# :E 8F2C2?E66D be E62>D DA@ED 😕 E96 c_\42C 7:6=5[ 2D H6== 2D DA64:7:4 C6G6?F6]k^Am

kAmy@C52? 2?5 E9C66\E:>6 s2JE@?2 d__ H:??6C k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^2A?6HD]4@>^2CE:4=6^?2D42C\=2HDF:E\25_`_ebb7ef3252ef6_d5dc`h`25c_agQms6??J w2>=:?k^2m[ 2=@?8 H:E9 uC@?E #@H #24:?8[ H6C6 E96 @?=J EH@ E62>D @FE @7 `d E@ C67FD6 E96 ?6H 492CE6C 28C66>6?ED]k^Am

kAm$?J56CVD 6G2=F2E:@?D 7@F?5 }p$rp# H2D 😕 724E G:@=2E:?8 2?E:ECFDE =2HD 3642FD6 E96 AC:G2E6=J @H?65 C24:?8 D6C:6D 4@?EC@=D 2== 32C82:?:?8 3642FD6 “E62>D 5@?VE 92G6 2?JH96C6 6=D6 E@ D6== E96:C D6CG:46D]Q $?J56C D2:5 }p$rp# 4@?EC@=D “E96 EC24D 2?5 E96 42CD]”k^Am

kAm$?J56C C6A62E65=J 4:E65 6I4=FD:G:EJ 28C66>6?ED }p$rp# 6?E6C65 :?E@ H:E9 C246EC24 3682?] %96 28C66>6?ED AC6G6?E EC24 9@=5:?8 6G6?ED H:E9 C:G2= C24:?8 D6C:6D] !C:@C E@ E96 =@?8\E6C> 28C66>6?ED[ }p$rp# @A6C2E65 @? @?6\J62C 4@?EC24ED H:E9 :ED 9@DE C246EC24

kAm%96 u=@C:52\32D65 uC2?46 72>:=J 7@F?565 }p$rp# 😕 `hcg 2?5[ 2=@?8 H:E9 $A665H2J |@E@CDA@CED[ @H?D 2=>@DE 2== E96 EC246?ED H:E9 EC24:?2E65 E62>DV 23:=:EJ E@ C246 DE@4< 42CD 2?JH96C6 6=D6[ 7@C465 E96> E@ 2446AE C6G6?F6\D92C:?8 28C66>6?ED E92E 2C6 36=@H >2C<6E G2=F6[ 2?5 52>2865 E96:C @G6C2== 6G2=F2E:@?D]k^Am

kAm$?J56C 5:5 9:D 42=4F=2E:@?D 7@C 3@E9 E62>D 32D65 @? 6249 92G:?8 EH@ 492CE6CD — 6249 AFC492D65 2 E9:C5 492CE6C 😕 =2E6 a_ac — 2?5 7@F?5 ab)x 😀 @H65 Sa`d]g >:==:@? H9:=6 uC@?E #@H 😀 @H65 S`cg]h >:==:@?] q2D65 @? 9:D 42=4F=2E:@?D[ $?J56C 56E6C>:?65 }p$rp# D9@CE65 be 492CE6C65 E62>D S`]_e 3:==:@? 7C@> a_a`\ac]k^Am

kAm$?J56C ?@E65 }p$rp# 925 Sa]a 3:==:@? 😕 2DD6ED[ 2? 6BF:EJ G2=F6 @7 Sd 3:==:@? 2?5 2? :?G6DE>6?E\8C256 4C65:E C2E:?8 — H9:49 $?J56C 36=:6G65 A@D:E:@?D E96 uC2?46 72>:=J E@ 36 23=6 E@ A:G@E 2?5 25;FDE E@ 2?J E9C62ED @7 2 C:G2= D6C:6D E96 H2J E96 !vp 5:5 😕 C6DA@?D6 E@ E96 {x’ v@=7 =628F6] %96 !vp[ $?J56C E6DE:7:65[ “8@E 4C62E:G6” 😕 3C:?8:?8 😕 ?6H C6G6?F6 E@ A2J E@ :ED 8@=76CD E@ AC6G6?E E96:C 56764E:@?D]k^Am

kAm$?J56C 2=D@ E6DE:7:65 }p$rp# 925 Sad_ >:==:@? 😕 2??F2= 62C?:?8D 7C@> a_a`\ac 2?5 E96 uC2?46 72>:=J E@@< Sc__ >:==:@? 😕 5:DEC:3FE:@?D 5FC:?8 E92E A6C:@5]k^Am

k9C ^m

kAmp! 2FE@ C24:?8i k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^2A?6HD]4@>^9F3^2FE@\C24:?8Qm9EEADi^^2A?6HD]4@>^9F3^2FE@\C24:?8k^2mk^Am


Copyright 2025 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission.