Bedi A, Bishop J, Keener J, et al. Rotator cuff tears. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2024;10(1):8.


Google Scholar
 

Lewis J. Rotator cuff related shoulder pain: assessment, management and uncertainties. Man Ther. 2016;23:57–68.


Google Scholar
 

Lewis J, McCreesh K, Roy JS, Ginn K. Rotator cuff tendinopathy: navigating the diagnosis-management conundrum. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2015;45(11):923–37.


Google Scholar
 

Vandvik PO, Lähdeoja T, Ardern C, et al. Subacromial decompression surgery for adults with shoulder pain: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2019;364:l294.


Google Scholar
 

Lafrance S, Ouellet P, Alaoui R, et al. Motor control exercises compared to strengthening exercises for upper- and lower-extremity musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Phys Ther. 2021;101(7):11.


Google Scholar
 

Littlewood C, Ashton J, Chance-Larsen K, May S, Sturrock B. Exercise for rotator cuff tendinopathy: a systematic review. Physiotherapy. 2012;98(2):101–9.


Google Scholar
 

Lafrance S, Charron M, Dubé OM, et al. The efficacy of exercise therapy for rotator cuff-related shoulder pain according to the FITT principle: a systematic review with meta-analyses. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2024;54(8):499–512.


Google Scholar
 

Scott A, Squier K, Alfredson H, et al. ICON 2019: international scientific tendinopathy symposium consensus: clinical terminology. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(5):260–2.


Google Scholar
 

McQuade KJ, Borstad J, de Oliveira AS. Critical and theoretical perspective on scapular stabilization: what does it really mean, and are we on the right track? Phys Ther. 2016;96(8):1162–9.


Google Scholar
 

Rees JD, Wolman RL, Wilson A. Eccentric exercises; why do they work, what are the problems and how can we improve them? Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(4):242–6.


Google Scholar
 

Malliaras P, Johnston R, Street G, et al. The efficacy of higher versus lower dose exercise in rotator cuff tendinopathy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;101(10):1822–34.


Google Scholar
 

Baskurt Z, Baskurt F, Gelecek N, Ozkan MH. The effectiveness of scapular stabilization exercise in the patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2011;24(3):173–9.


Google Scholar
 

Berg OK, Paulsberg F, Brabant C, et al. High-intensity shoulder abduction exercise in subacromial pain syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021;53(1):1–9.


Google Scholar
 

Blume C, Wang-Price S, Trudelle-Jackson E, Ortiz A. Comparison of eccentric and concentric exercise interventions in adults with subacromial impingement syndrome. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2015;10(4):441–55.


Google Scholar
 

Boudreau N, Gaudreault N, Roy JS, Bédard S, Balg F. The addition of glenohumeral adductor coactivation to a rotator cuff exercise program for rotator cuff tendinopathy: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2019;49(3):126–35.


Google Scholar
 

Clausen MB, Hölmich P, Rathleff M, et al. Effectiveness of adding a large dose of shoulder strengthening to current nonoperative care for subacromial impingement: a pragmatic, double-blind randomized controlled trial (SExSI trial). Am J Sports Med. 2021;49(11):3040–9.


Google Scholar
 

Dejaco B, Habets B, van Loon C, van Grinsven S, van Cingel R. Eccentric versus conventional exercise therapy in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy: a randomized, single blinded, clinical trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017;25(7):2051–9.


Google Scholar
 

Dubé MO, Desmeules F, Lewis JS, Roy JS. Does the addition of motor control or strengthening exercises to education result in better outcomes for rotator cuff-related shoulder pain? A multiarm randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(8):457–63.


Google Scholar
 

Heron SR, Woby SR, Thompson DP. Comparison of three types of exercise in the treatment of rotator cuff tendinopathy/shoulder impingement syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Physiotherapy. 2017;103(2):167–73.


Google Scholar
 

Hotta GH, De Assis G, Couto A, Cools AM, McQuade KJ, Siriani De Oliveira A. Effects of adding scapular stabilization exercises to a periscapular strengthening exercise program in patients with subacromial pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2020;49:102171.


Google Scholar
 

Ingwersen KG, Jensen SL, Sørensen L, et al. Three months of progressive high-load versus traditional low-load strength training among patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy: primary results from the double-blind randomized controlled RoCTEx trial. Orthop J Sports Med. 2017;5(8):2325967117723292.


Google Scholar
 

Kamonseki DH, Haik MN, Ribeiro LP, Almeida RF, Camargo PR. Scapular movement training is not superior to standardized exercises in the treatment of individuals with chronic shoulder pain and scapular dyskinesis: randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil. 2023;45(18):2925–35.


Google Scholar
 

Macías-Hernández SI, García-Morales JR, Hernández-Díaz C, Tapia-Ferrusco I, Velez-Gutiérrez OB, Nava-Bringas TI. Tolerance and effectiveness of eccentric vs. concentric muscle strengthening in rotator cuff partial tears and moderate to severe shoulder pain. A randomized pilot study. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021;14:106–12.


Google Scholar
 

Maenhout AG, Mahieu NN, De Muynck M, De Wilde LF, Cools AM. Does adding heavy load eccentric training to rehabilitation of patients with unilateral subacromial impingement result in better outcome? A randomized, clinical trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21(5):1158–67.


Google Scholar
 

Marzetti E, Rabini A, Piccinini G, et al. Neurocognitive therapeutic exercise improves pain and function in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome: a single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2014;50(3):255–64.


Google Scholar
 

Struyf F, Nijs J, Mollekens S, et al. Scapular-focused treatment in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Rheumatol. 2013;32(1):73–85.


Google Scholar
 

Chaconas EJ, Kolber MJ, Hanney WJ, Daugherty ML, Wilson SH, Sheets C. Shoulder external rotator eccentric training versus general shoulder exercise for subacromial pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017;12(7):1121–33.


Google Scholar
 

Shire AR, Stæhr TAB, Overby JB, Bastholm Dahl M, Sandell Jacobsen J, Høyrup Christiansen D. Specific or general exercise strategy for subacromial impingement syndrome-does it matter? A systematic literature review and meta analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18(1):158.


Google Scholar
 

Larsson R, Bernhardsson S, Nordeman L. Effects of eccentric exercise in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20(1):446.


Google Scholar
 

Powell JK, Lewis J, Schram B, Hing W. Is exercise therapy the right treatment for rotator cuff-related shoulder pain? Uncertainties, theory, and practice. Musculoskelet Care. 2024;22(2):e1879.


Google Scholar
 

Powell JK, Schram B, Lewis J, Hing W. You have (rotator cuff related) shoulder pain, and to treat it, l recommend exercise. A scoping review of the possible mechanisms underpinning exercise therapy. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2022;62:102646.


Google Scholar
 

Vila-Dieguez O, Heindel MD, Awokuse D, Kulig K, Michener LA. Exercise for rotator cuff tendinopathy: proposed mechanisms of recovery. Shoulder Elbow. 2023;15(3):233–49.


Google Scholar
 

Migliorini F, Maffulli N, Eschweiler J, Schenker H, Tingart M, Betsch M. Arthroscopic versus mini-open rotator cuff repair: a meta-analysis. Surgeon. 2023;21(1):E1–12.


Google Scholar
 

Maffulli N, Helander KN, Migliorini F. Tendon appearance at imaging may be altered, but it may not indicate pathology. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023;31(5):1625–8.


Google Scholar
 

Osti L, Del Buono A, Maffulli N. Rotator cuff repair: imaging success and clinical results may not correspond. Orthopedics. 2014;37(1):17–8.


Google Scholar
Â