He said the required expertise also extends to understanding contracts of carriage and bills of lading, including the respective obligations of the shipper, cargo owner, carrier and logistics intermediaries such as freight forwarders. All of these parties, he noted, operate under “laws such as the Hague-Visby rules, the Hague rules, the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, the Carriage of Goods by Water Act, the Hamburg rules, the Rotterdam rules,” which will play an important role in how Canadian trade evolves beyond its relationship with the United States.
