Cytokine

Immune cells communicate across a continuous, bidirectional circuit between the CNS and periphery. Immune cells from across the body engage CNS tissues and, in turn, are shaped by signals returning from the brain. (Left) Under peripheral equilibrium, immune effectors mobilized from visceral organs, secondary lymphoid organs, hematopoietic tissues, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) - including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, monocytes (top 3 cell types), NK cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells (bottom cluster of cells) - engage the CNS in a homeostatic dialogue that supports neural cell health, plasticity, and repair, sustaining a protective environment. (Right) Age-associated dysfunction across the same peripheral compartments reshapes this circuit: altered immune effectors enter the CNS and contribute to shifting the local environment toward a degenerative state in which microglia adopt disease-associated programs, astrocytes become reactive, and neurons accumulate pathology. This model underscores how the same circuitry can yield protective or pathogenic outcomes and that neurodegeneration is downstream of dysfunctional brain-immune crosstalk. Study: Neurodegeneration as a dysregulation of neuroimmune crosstalk

August 24, 2026

From gut-primed T cells to microglial signaling and persistent gene-regulatory states, researchers map an intricate immune network that…

HHealth

Paper: Iodine and Its Impact on the Immune System of Humans and Domesticated Mammals: A Narrative Review

July 28, 2026

A cross-species review traces how iodine influences immune defenses and why the boundary between benefit and harm remains…

SScience

Engineered extracellular vesicles enable antigen-specific regulatory T cell induction

June 25, 2026

New research, published in The Journal of Immunology, identified biomarkers of a distinct immune profile that could be…

HHealth

Research reveals molecular details of ME/CFS and long COVID

September 2, 2025

Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS) have heightened innate immune responses to bacteria, viruses, and fungi. While…

HHealth

AI-designed proteins bring personalized cancer treatment within reach

September 1, 2025

In a discovery that could expand the array of current cancer immunotherapy treatments, scientists at Harvard Medical School…

Disrupted brain-immune signaling may help drive neurodegeneration

Too little or too much iodine may push immunity off balance

New biomarkers identify trauma patients at risk for chronic critical illness

Research reveals molecular details of ME/CFS and long COVID

Scientists discover molecular brake that limits T cell attack on tumors