Compagno, L. J. V. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). in Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date vol. Vol. 2 269 (FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. FAO, 2001).<\/p>\n
Shimada, K., Becker, M. A. & Griffiths, M. L. Body, jaw, and dentition lengths of macrophagous lamniform sharks, and body size evolution in Lamniformes with special reference to \u2018off-the-scale\u2019 gigantism of the megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon. Hist. Biol. 33, 2543\u20132559 (2021).<\/p>\n
Article<\/a>\u00a0 Weigmann, S. Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. J. Fish. Biol. 88, 837\u20131037 (2016).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Ebert, D. A., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. Sharks of the World: A Complete Guide. vol. 19 (Princeton University Press, 2021).<\/p>\n Shimada, K. Gigantic lamnoid shark vertebra from the Lower Cretaceous Kiowa Shale of Kansas. J. Paleontol. 71, 522\u2013524 (1997).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Frederickson, J. A., Schaefer, S. N. & Doucette-Frederickson, J. A. A gigantic shark from the Lower Cretaceous Duck Creek Formation of Texas. PLoS ONE 10, e0127162 (2015).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Newbrey, M., Siversson, M., Cook, T. D., Fotheringham, A. M. & Sanchez, R. L. Vertebral morphology, dentition, age, growth, and ecology of the large lamniform shark Cardabiodon ricki. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 60, 877\u2013897 (2015).<\/p>\n Vullo, R. et al. Manta-like planktivorous sharks in Late Cretaceous oceans. Science (1979) 371, 1253\u20131256 (2021).<\/p>\n Vullo, R. et al. Exceptionally preserved shark fossils from Mexico elucidate the long-standing enigma of the Cretaceous elasmobranch Ptychodus. Proc. R. Society B Biol. Sci. 291, (2024).<\/p>\n Rees, J. Neoselachian shark and ray teeth from the Valanginian, Lower Cretaceous, of Wa\u0327wa\u0142, central Poland. Palaeontology 48, 209\u2013221 (2005).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Wills, S., Bernard, E. L., Brewer, P., Underwood, C. J. & Ward, D. J. Palaeontology, stratigraphy and sedimentology of Woodeaton Quarry (Oxfordshire) and a new microvertebrate site from the White Limestone Formation (Bathonian, Jurassic). Proc. Geol. Assoc. 130, 170\u2013186 (2019).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Guinot, G., Vullo, R., Peyer, K. & Reneleau, V. An articulated skeleton of the neoselachian shark Palaeocarcharias from the Late Jurassic Canjuers Lagerst\u00e4tte (southeastern France). Ann. Paleontol. 111, 102738 (2025).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Kriwet, J., Klug, S., Canudo, J. I. & Cuenca-Bescos, G. A new Early Cretaceous lamniform shark (Chondrichthyes, Neoselachii). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 154, 278\u2013290 (2008).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Tomita, T. Mouth-size estimation of a primitive lamniform shark, protolamna: Low trophic position in lamniform shark origin. Paleontol. Res. 15, 68\u201376 (2011).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Shimada, K. Skeletal anatomy of the late cretaceous lamniform shark, cretoxyrhina mantelli from the Niobrara Chalk in Kansas. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 17, 642\u2013652 (1997).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Siverson, M. A new large lamniform shark from the uppermost Gearle Siltstone (Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous) of Western Australia. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 90, 49\u201366 (1999).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Amalfitano, J. et al. Direct evidence of trophic interaction between a large lamniform shark, Cretodus sp., and a marine turtle from the Cretaceous of northeastern Italy. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 469, 104\u2013121 (2017).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Murray, P. F. Plesiosaurs from Albian aged Bathurst Island Formation siltstones near Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Beagle. Rec. North. Territory Mus. Arts Sci. 4, 95\u2013102 (1987).<\/p>\n Murray, P. F. Ichthyosaurs from Cretaceous Mullaman Beds near Darwin, Northern Territory. Beagle. Occasional Pap. North. Territory Mus. Arts Sci. 2, 39\u201355 (1985).<\/p>\n Henderson, R. A. Eustatic and palaeoenvironmental assessment of the mid-Cretaceous Bathurst Island Group of the Money Shoals Platform, northern Australia. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 138, 115\u2013138 (1998).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Partridge, A. D. Jurassic \u2013 Early Cretaceous spore-pollen and dinocyst zonations for Australia. in Australian Mesozoic and Cenozoic Palynology Zonations \u2013 updated to the 2004 Geologic Time Scale (Geoscience Australia Record 2006\/23, 2006).<\/p>\n Jell, P. A. & Cook, A. G. An annotated checklist of Australian Mesozoic marine macroinvertebrates. Alcheringa Australas. J. Palaeontol. 49, 114\u2013497 (2025).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Kear, B. P. Darwin formation (Early Cretaceous, Northern Territory) marine reptile remains in the South Australian Museum. Rec. South Aust. Mus. 35, 33\u201347 (2002).<\/p>\n Kear, B. P. & Hamilton-Bruce, R. J. Dinosaurs in Australia. Mesozoic Life from the Southern Continent (CSIRO Publishing, 2011).<\/p>\n Turner, S. & Rozefelds, A. Tip of the pyramid? Cretaceous megasharks from Australia. Beagle. Rec. North. Territory Mus. Arts Sci. 9, 262\u2013263 (1992).<\/p>\n Wintner, S. P. & Cliff, G. Age and growth determination of the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, from the east coast of South Africa. Fish. Bull., U. S 97, 153\u2013169 (1999).<\/p>\n Natanson, L. J. et al. Age and growth of sharks: do vertebral band pairs record age?. Mar. Fresh. Res. 69, 1440 (2018).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Engelman, R. Giant, swimming mouths: oral dimensions of extant sharks do not accurately predict body size in Dunkleosteus terrelli (Placodermi: Arthrodira). PeerJ 11, e15131 (2023).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Hart, L. J., Campione, N. E. & McCurry, M. R. On the estimation of body mass in temnospondyls: a case study using the large-bodied Eryops and Paracyclotosaurus. Palaeontology 65, e12629 (2022).<\/p>\n Campione, N. E. & Evans, D. C. A universal scaling relationship between body mass and proximal limb bone dimensions in quadrupedal terrestrial tetrapods. BMC Biol. 10, 60 (2012).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Campione, N. E. Extrapolating body masses in large terrestrial vertebrates. Paleobiology 43, 693\u2013699 (2017).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Field, D. J., Lynner, C., Brown, C. & Darroch, S. A. F. Skeletal Correlates for Body Mass Estimation in Modern and Fossil Flying Birds. PLoS ONE 8, e82000 (2013).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Anderson, J. F., Hall-Martin, A. & Russell, D. A. Long-bone circumference and weight in mammals, birds and dinosaurs. J. Zool. 207, 53\u201361 (1985).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Amalfitano, J. et al. Morphology and paleobiology of the Late Cretaceous large-sized shark Cretodus crassidens (Dixon, 1850) (Neoselachii; Lamniformes). J. Paleontol. 96, 1166\u20131188 (2022).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Jambura, P. L. & Kriwet, J. Articulated remains of the extinct shark Ptychodus (Elasmobranchii, Ptychodontidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Spain provide insights into gigantism, growth rate and life history of ptychodontid sharks. PLoS ONE 15, e0231544 (2020).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Gottfried, M. D. Size and skeletal anatomy of the giant \u2018megatooth\u2019 shark Carcharodon megalodon. in Great white sharks: the biology of Carcharodon carcharias 55\u201366 (1996).<\/p>\n Cooper, J. A. et al. The extinct shark Otodus megalodon was a transoceanic superpredator: inferences from 3D modeling. Sci. Adv. 8, eabm9424 (2022).<\/p>\n Cooper, J. A., Griffin, J. N., Kindlimann, R. & Pimiento, C. Are shark teeth proxies for functional traits? A framework to infer ecology from the fossil record. J. Fish. Biol. 103, 798\u2013814 (2023).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Perez, V., Leder, R. & Badaut, T. Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions. Palaeontol. Electron. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26879\/1140<\/a> (2021).<\/p>\n Shimada, K. The relationship between the tooth size and total body length in the common thresher shark, Alopias vulpinus (Lamniformes: Alopiidae). J. Foss. Res. 39, 7\u201311 (2006).<\/p>\n Shimada, K. The relationship between the tooth size and total body length in the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias (Lamniformes: Lamnidae). J. Foss. Res. 35, 28\u201333 (2003).<\/p>\n Natanson, L. J., Casey, J. G. & Kohler, N. E. Age and growth of the dusky shark, Carcharhinus obscurus, in the western North Atlantic. Fish. Bull. 93, 116\u2013126 (1995).<\/p>\n Natanson, L. J., Mello, J. J. & Campana, S. E. Validated Age and Growth of the Porbeagle Shark (Lamna Nasus) in the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Fish. Bull. 100, 266\u2013278 (2002).<\/p>\n Natanson, L. J. et al. Validated age and growth estimates for the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Environ. Biol. Fishes 77, 367\u2013383 (2006).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Skomal, G. B. & Natanson, L. J. Age and growth of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the North Atlantic Ocean. Fish. Bull. Natl Ocean. Atmos. Adm. 101, 627\u2013639 (2003).<\/p>\n Gervelis, B. J. & Natanson, L. J. Age and growth of the common thresher shark in the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 142, 1535\u20131545 (2013).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Natanson, L. J. & Skomal, G. B. Age and growth of the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Fresh. Res 66, 387 (2015).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Cook, T. D. et al. A partial skeleton of the Late Cretaceous lamniform shark, Archaeolamna kopingensis, from the Pierre Shale of western Kansas, USA. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 31, 8\u201321 (2011).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Siversson, M., Lindgren, J., Newbrey, M. G., Cederstr\u00f6m, P. & Cook, T. D. Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Campanian) mid-palaeolatitude sharks of Cretalamna appendiculata type. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 60, 339\u2013384 (2015).<\/p>\n Shimada, K. Skeletal and dental anatomy of lamniform shark, Cretalamna appendiculata, from Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Chalk of Kansas. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 27, 584\u2013602 (2007).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Knaub, J. L., Passerotti, M., Natanson, L. J., Meredith, T. & Porter, M. Vertebral morphology in the tail-whipping common thresher shark, Alopias vulpinus. R Soc. Open Sci. 11, 231473 (2024).<\/p>\n Ridewood, W. G. & MacBride, E. W. V. I. I. I. On the calcification of the vertebral centra in sharks and rays. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Containing Pap. Biol. Character 210, 311\u2013407 (1921).<\/p>\n Natanson, L. et al. Ontogenetic vertebral growth patterns in the basking shark Cetorhinus maximus. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 361, 267\u2013278 (2008).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Campione, N. E. & Evans, D. C. The accuracy and precision of body mass estimation in non-avian dinosaurs. Biol. Rev. 95, 1759\u20131797 (2020).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Gayford, J. H. et al. Cautionary tales on the use of proxies to estimate body size and form of extinct animals. Ecol. Evol. 14, e70218 (2024).<\/p>\n Sternes, P. C. et al. White shark comparison reveals a slender body for the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae). Palaeontol. Electron. 27, a7 (2024).<\/p>\n Berrell, R. W. et al. A review of Australia\u2019s Mesozoic fishes. Alcheringa Australas. J. Palaeontol. 44, 286\u2013311 (2020).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Kear, B. P. Cretaceous marine reptiles of Australia: a review of taxonomy and distribution. Cretac. Res. 24, 277\u2013303 (2003).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Kear, B. P., Fordyce, R. E., Hiller, N. & Siversson, M. A palaeobiogeographical synthesis of Australasian Mesozoic marine tetrapods. Alcheringa Australas. J. Palaeontol. 42, 461\u2013486 (2018).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Siversson, M. & Machalski, M. Late late Albian (Early Cretaceous) shark teeth from Annopol, Poland. Alcheringa Australas. J. Palaeontol. 41, 433\u2013463 (2017).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Cort\u00e9s, E. Standardized diet compositions and trophic levels of sharks. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 56, 707\u2013717 (1999).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 McHenry, C. R. Devourer of Gods: the Palaeoecology Of The Cretaceous Pliosaur Kronosaurus Queenslandicus (University of Newcastle, 2009).<\/p>\n Sternes, P. C., Schmitz, L. & Higham, T. E. The rise of pelagic sharks and adaptive evolution of pectoral fin morphology during the Cretaceous. Curr. Biol. 34, 2764\u20132772.e3 (2024).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Gayford, J. H., Irschick, D. J., Chin, A. & Rummer, J. L. Heterochrony and oophagy underlie the evolution of giant filter-feeding lamniform sharks. Evol. Dev. 27, (2025).<\/p>\n Pimiento, C., Cantalapiedra, J. L., Shimada, K., Field, D. J. & Smaers, J. B. Evolutionary pathways toward gigantism in sharks and rays. Evolution 73, 588\u2013599 (2019).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Price, G. D., Williamson, T., Henderson, R. A. & Gagan, M. K. Barremian\u2013Cenomanian palaeotemperatures for Australian seas based on new oxygen-isotope data from belemnite rostra. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 358\u2013360, 27\u201339 (2012).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Frakes, L. A., Alley, N. F. & Deynoux, M. Early cretaceous ice rafting and climate zonation in Australia. Int. Geol. Rev. 37, 567\u2013583 (1995).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Frakes, L. A. & Krassay, A. A. Discovery of probable ice-rafting in the Late Mesozoic of the Northern Territory and Queensland. Aust. J. Earth Sci. 39, 115\u2013119 (1992).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Frakes, L. A. & Francis, J. E. A guide to Phanerozoic cold polar climates from high-latitude ice-rafting in the Cretaceous. Nature 333, 547\u2013549 (1988).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Popov, E. V. Systematic reassessment of Edaphodon eyrensis long, 1985 (Holocephali, Chimaeroidei) from the early cretaceous of South Australia. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 40, e1884564 (2020).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Kear, B. P. Marine reptiles from the Lower Cretaceous of South Australia: elements of a high-latitude cold-water assemblage. Palaeontology 49, 837\u2013856 (2006).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Kear, B. P. Marine reptiles from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) deposits of White Cliffs, southeastern Australia: implications of a high latitude, cold water assemblage. Cretac. Res. 26, 769\u2013782 (2005).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Ludbrook, N. H. Cretaceous biostratigraphy of the Great Artesian Basin in South Australia. Geol. Surv. South Aust. Bull. 40, 1\u2013223 (1966).<\/p>\n Drew, M., White, W. T., Dharmadi, Harry, A. V. & Huveneers, C. Age, growth and maturity of the pelagic thresher Alopias pelagicus and the scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini. J. Fish. Biol. 86, 333\u2013354 (2015).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Kindong, R., Wang, H., Wu, F., Dai, X. & Tian, S. Age, growth, and sexual maturity of the crocodile shark, pseudocarcharias kamoharai, from the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. Front. Mar. Sci. 7, 586024 (2020).<\/p>\n Goldman, K. J. & Musick, J. A. Growth and maturity of salmon sharks (Lamna Ditropis) in the Eastern and Western North Pacific, and comments on back-calculation methods. Fish. Bull. 104, 278\u2013292 (2006).<\/p>\n Lucifora, L. O. Ecolog\u00eda y Conservaci\u00f3n De Los Grandes Tiburones Costeros De Bah\u00eda Anegada (Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 2003).<\/p>\n Liu, K. M., Chen, C. T., Liao, T. H. & Joung, S. J. Age, growth, and reproduction of the pelagic thresher shark, alopias pelagicus in the Northwestern Pacific. Copeia 68, 74 (1999).<\/p>\n Liu, K. M., Chiang, P. J. & Chen, C. T. Age and Growth Estimates of the Bigeye Thresher Shark, Alopias Superciliosus, in Northeastern Taiwan Waters. Fish. Bull. 96, 482\u2013491 (1998).<\/p>\n Cailliet, G. M., Martin, L. K., Harvey, J. T., Kusher, D. & Welden, B. A. Preliminary studies on the age and growth of blue (Prionace glauca), common thresher (Alopias vulpinus), and shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) sharks from California waters. In Proc. International Workshop on Age Determination of Oceanic Pelagic Fishes: Tunas, Billfishes, Sharks 179\u2013188 (NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS, 1983).<\/p>\n Cailliet, G. M., Natanson, L. J., Welden, B. A. & Ebert, D. A. Preliminary studies on the age and growth of the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, using vertebral bands. Mem. South. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4, 49\u201360 (1985).<\/p>\n Amalfitano, J. et al. Large deadfalls of the \u02bbginsu\u02bc shark Cretoxyrhina mantelli (Agassiz, 1835) (Neoselachii, Lamniformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of northeastern Italy. Cretac. Res 98, 250\u2013275 (2019).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Larocca Conte, G. et al. Reassessment of a large lamniform shark from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) of Italy. Cretac. Res. 99, 156\u2013168 (2019).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Shimada, K. & Cicimurri, D. J. Skeletal anatomy of the Late Cretaceous shark,Squalicorax (Neoselachii: Anacoracidae). Palaontol. Z. 79, 241\u2013261 (2005).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Francis, M. P. Morphometric minefields\u2014towards a measurement standard for chondrichthyan fishes. Environ. Biol. Fishes 77, 407\u2013421 (2006).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 L\u00fcdecke, D., Ben-Shachar, M., Patil, I., Waggoner, P. & Makowski, D. Performance: an R package for assessment, comparison and testing of statistical models. J. Open Source Softw. 6, 3139 (2021).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Th\u00e9riault, R. rempsyc: convenience functions for psychology. J. Open Source Softw. 8, 5466 (2023).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Collyer, M. L. & Adams, D. C. RRPP: an R package for fitting linear models to high-dimensional data using residual randomization. Methods Ecol. Evol. 9, 1772\u20131779 (2018).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Stein, R. W. et al. Global priorities for conserving the evolutionary history of sharks, rays and chimaeras. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2, 288\u2013298 (2018).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Schliep, K. P. phangorn: phylogenetic analysis in R. Bioinformatics 27, 592\u2013593 (2011).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Blomberg, S. P., Garland, T. & Ives, A. R. Testing For phylogenetic signal in comparative data: behavioral traits are more labile. Evolution 57, 717\u2013745 (2003).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Collyer, M. L., Baken, E. K. & Adams, D. C. A standardized effect size for evaluating and comparing the strength of phylogenetic signal. Methods Ecol. Evol. 13, 367\u2013382 (2022).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Kousteni, V., Mazzoleni, S., Vasileiadou, K. & Rovatsos, M. Complete mitochondrial DNA genome of nine species of sharks and rays and their phylogenetic placement among modern elasmobranchs. Genes 12, 324 (2021).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 V\u00e9lez-Zuazo, X. & Agnarsson, I. Shark tales: a molecular species-level phylogeny of sharks (Selachimorpha, Chondrichthyes). Mol. Phylogenet Evol. 58, 207\u2013217 (2011).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Sorenson, L., Santini, F. & Alfaro, M. E. The effect of habitat on modern shark diversification. J. Evol. Biol. 27, 1536\u20131548 (2014).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Maddison, W. P. & Maddison, D. R. Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 4.0 beta2. Preprint at (2025).<\/p>\n Wickham, H. Data Analysis. In Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4<\/a> (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016).<\/p>\n R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Preprint at (2024).<\/p>\n Merkel, D. Docker: lightweight linux containers for consistent development and deployment. Linux J 239, 1075\u20133583 (2014).<\/p>\n Boettiger, C. An introduction to Docker for reproducible research. ACM SIGOPS Operat. Syst. Rev. 49, 71\u201379 (2015).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Bazzi, M. et al. Morphometric data of living and extinct lamniform sharks. Figshare. Dataset. 10.6084\/m9.figshare.30025375.v1 (2025).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Compagno, L. J. V. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). in Sharks of the world.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":239297,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[49,48,55934,3673,10129,43586,66],"class_list":["post-239296","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-science","tag-ca","tag-canada","tag-evolutionary-ecology","tag-general","tag-life-sciences","tag-palaeontology","tag-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/239296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=239296"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/239296\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/239297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=239296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=239296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=239296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n