{"id":275885,"date":"2025-11-11T07:37:12","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T07:37:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/275885\/"},"modified":"2025-11-11T07:37:12","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T07:37:12","slug":"assessing-the-utility-of-experimentally-derived-upper-thermal-limits-to-predict-vulnerability-of-marine-macrophytes-to-future-ocean-warming","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/275885\/","title":{"rendered":"Assessing the utility of experimentally derived upper thermal limits to predict vulnerability of marine macrophytes to future ocean warming"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Clarke, A. Costs and consequences of evolutionary temperature adaptation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18, 573\u2013581 (2003).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.tree.2003.08.007\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.tree.2003.08.007\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.tree.2003.08.007\" aria-label=\"Article reference 1\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.tree.2003.08.007\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Costs%20and%20consequences%20of%20evolutionary%20temperature%20adaptation&amp;journal=Trends%20Ecol.%20Evol.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.tree.2003.08.007&amp;volume=18&amp;pages=573-581&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;author=Clarke%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">P\u00f6rtner, H. O. &amp; Farrell, A. P. Physiology and climate change. Science 322, 690\u2013692 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.1163156\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.1163156\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.1163156\" aria-label=\"Article reference 2\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.1163156\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=18974339\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 2\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Physiology%20and%20climate%20change&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1163156&amp;volume=322&amp;pages=690-692&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=P%C3%B6rtner%2CHO&amp;author=Farrell%2CAP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Poloczanska, E. S. et al. Global imprint of climate change on marine life. Nat. Clim. Chang. 3, 919\u2013925 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nclimate1958\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nclimate1958\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnclimate1958\" aria-label=\"Article reference 3\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nclimate1958\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Global%20imprint%20of%20climate%20change%20on%20marine%20life&amp;journal=Nat.%20Clim.%20Chang.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnclimate1958&amp;volume=3&amp;pages=919-925&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Poloczanska%2CES\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Perry, A. L., Low, P. J., Ellis, J. R. &amp; Reynolds, J. D. Climate change and distribution shifts in marine fishes. Science 308, 1912\u20131915 (2005).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.1111322\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.1111322\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.1111322\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.1111322\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlsVWmtbg%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=15890845\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Climate%20change%20and%20distribution%20shifts%20in%20marine%20fishes&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1111322&amp;volume=308&amp;pages=1912-1915&amp;publication_year=2005&amp;author=Perry%2CAL&amp;author=Low%2CPJ&amp;author=Ellis%2CJR&amp;author=Reynolds%2CJD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Pinsky, M. L., Selden, R. L. &amp; Kitchel, Z. J. Climate-driven shifts in marine species ranges: Scaling from organisms to communities. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 12, 153\u2013179 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1146\/annurev-marine-010419-010916\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1146\/annurev-marine-010419-010916\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146%2Fannurev-marine-010419-010916\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1146\/annurev-marine-010419-010916\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31505130\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Climate-driven%20shifts%20in%20marine%20species%20ranges%3A%20Scaling%20from%20organisms%20to%20communities&amp;journal=Ann.%20Rev.%20Mar.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1146%2Fannurev-marine-010419-010916&amp;volume=12&amp;pages=153-179&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Pinsky%2CML&amp;author=Selden%2CRL&amp;author=Kitchel%2CZJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Doney, S. C. et al. Climate change impacts on marine ecosystems. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 4, 11\u201337 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1146\/annurev-marine-041911-111611\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1146\/annurev-marine-041911-111611\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146%2Fannurev-marine-041911-111611\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1146\/annurev-marine-041911-111611\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22457967\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Climate%20change%20impacts%20on%20marine%20ecosystems&amp;journal=Ann.%20Rev.%20Mar.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1146%2Fannurev-marine-041911-111611&amp;volume=4&amp;pages=11-37&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Doney%2CSC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Pecl, G. T. et al. Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being. Science 355, eaai9214 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.aai9214\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.aai9214\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.aai9214\" aria-label=\"Article reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.aai9214\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28360268\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Biodiversity%20redistribution%20under%20climate%20change%3A%20Impacts%20on%20ecosystems%20and%20human%20well-being&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.aai9214&amp;volume=355&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Pecl%2CGT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Hobday, A. J. et al. A hierarchical approach to defining marine heatwaves. Prog. Oceanogr. 141, 227\u2013238 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.pocean.2015.12.014\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.pocean.2015.12.014\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.pocean.2015.12.014\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.pocean.2015.12.014\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20hierarchical%20approach%20to%20defining%20marine%20heatwaves&amp;journal=Prog.%20Oceanogr.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.pocean.2015.12.014&amp;volume=141&amp;pages=227-238&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Hobday%2CAJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Smale, D. A. &amp; Wernberg, T. Extreme climatic event drives range contraction of a habitat-forming species. Proc. R Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 280, 20122829 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1098\/rspb.2012.2829\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1098\/rspb.2012.2829\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frspb.2012.2829\" aria-label=\"Article reference 9\" data-doi=\"10.1098\/rspb.2012.2829\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Extreme%20climatic%20event%20drives%20range%20contraction%20of%20a%20habitat-forming%20species&amp;journal=Proc.%20R%20Soc.%20B%3A%20Biol.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1098%2Frspb.2012.2829&amp;volume=280&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Smale%2CDA&amp;author=Wernberg%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Wernberg, T. et al. Marine heatwaves as hot spots of climate change and impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services.\u00a0Nat. Rev. Biodivers.\u00a01\u201319 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Sanford, E., Sones, J. L., Garc\u00eda-Reyes, M., Goddard, J. H. &amp; Largier, J. L. Widespread shifts in the coastal biota of northern California during the 2014\u20132016 marine heatwaves. Sci. Rep. 9, 4216 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41598-019-40784-3\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41598-019-40784-3\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41598-019-40784-3\" aria-label=\"Article reference 11\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41598-019-40784-3\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30862867\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6414504\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Widespread%20shifts%20in%20the%20coastal%20biota%20of%20northern%20California%20during%20the%202014%E2%80%932016%20marine%20heatwaves&amp;journal=Sci.%20Rep.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-019-40784-3&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Sanford%2CE&amp;author=Sones%2CJL&amp;author=Garc%C3%ADa-Reyes%2CM&amp;author=Goddard%2CJH&amp;author=Largier%2CJL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Arafeh-Dalmau, N. et al. Extreme marine heatwaves alter kelp forest community near its equatorward distribution limit. Front. Mar. Sci. 6, 499 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00499\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00499\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffmars.2019.00499\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00499\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Extreme%20marine%20heatwaves%20alter%20kelp%20forest%20community%20near%20its%20equatorward%20distribution%20limit&amp;journal=Front.%20Mar.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.3389%2Ffmars.2019.00499&amp;volume=6&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Arafeh-Dalmau%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Arias-Ortiz, A. et al. A marine heatwave drives massive losses from the world\u2019s largest seagrass carbon stocks. Nat. Clim. Chang. 8, 338\u2013344 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41558-018-0096-y\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41558-018-0096-y\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41558-018-0096-y\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41558-018-0096-y\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXmvVeit70%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 13\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20marine%20heatwave%20drives%20massive%20losses%20from%20the%20world%E2%80%99s%20largest%20seagrass%20carbon%20stocks&amp;journal=Nat.%20Clim.%20Chang.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41558-018-0096-y&amp;volume=8&amp;pages=338-344&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Arias-Ortiz%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Oliver, E. C. et al. Longer and more frequent marine heatwaves over the past century. Nat. Commun. 9, 1\u201312 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-018-03732-9\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-018-03732-9\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-018-03732-9\" aria-label=\"Article reference 14\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-018-03732-9\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhtFaqtr7K\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 14\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Longer%20and%20more%20frequent%20marine%20heatwaves%20over%20the%20past%20century&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-018-03732-9&amp;volume=9&amp;pages=1-12&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Oliver%2CEC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Smith, K. E. et al. Baseline matters: Challenges and implications of different marine heatwave baselines. Prog. Oceanogr. 231, 103404 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.pocean.2024.103404\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.pocean.2024.103404\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.pocean.2024.103404\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.pocean.2024.103404\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Baseline%20matters%3A%20Challenges%20and%20implications%20of%20different%20marine%20heatwave%20baselines&amp;journal=Prog.%20Oceanogr.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.pocean.2024.103404&amp;volume=231&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Smith%2CKE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Smith, K. E. et al. Ocean extremes as a stress test for marine ecosystems and society. Nat. Climate Change 15, 1\u20135 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41558-025-02269-2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41558-025-02269-2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41558-025-02269-2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 16\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41558-025-02269-2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ocean%20extremes%20as%20a%20stress%20test%20for%20marine%20ecosystems%20and%20society&amp;journal=Nat.%20Climate%20Change&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41558-025-02269-2&amp;volume=15&amp;pages=1-5&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Smith%2CKE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Wernberg, T. et al. Impacts of climate change on marine foundation species. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 16, 247\u2013282 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1146\/annurev-marine-042023-093037\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1146\/annurev-marine-042023-093037\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146%2Fannurev-marine-042023-093037\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.1146\/annurev-marine-042023-093037\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37683273\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 17\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Impacts%20of%20climate%20change%20on%20marine%20foundation%20species&amp;journal=Ann.%20Rev.%20Mar.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1146%2Fannurev-marine-042023-093037&amp;volume=16&amp;pages=247-282&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Wernberg%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Ellison, A. Foundation species, non-trophic interactions, and the value of being common. Science 13, 254\u2013268 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Foundation%20species%2C%20non-trophic%20interactions%2C%20and%20the%20value%20of%20being%20common&amp;journal=Science&amp;volume=13&amp;pages=254-268&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Ellison%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Fr\u00f6licher, T. L., Fischer, E. M. &amp; Gruber, N. Marine heatwaves under global warming. Nature 560, 360\u2013364 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-018-0383-9\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-018-0383-9\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0383-9\" aria-label=\"Article reference 19\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-018-0383-9\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30111788\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Marine%20heatwaves%20under%20global%20warming&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0383-9&amp;volume=560&amp;pages=360-364&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Fr%C3%B6licher%2CTL&amp;author=Fischer%2CEM&amp;author=Gruber%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Cheng, L. et al. Past and future ocean warming. Nat Rev Earth Environ 3, 776\u2013794 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s43017-022-00345-1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s43017-022-00345-1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs43017-022-00345-1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 20\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s43017-022-00345-1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Past%20and%20future%20ocean%20warming&amp;journal=Nat%20Rev%20Earth%20Environ&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs43017-022-00345-1&amp;volume=3&amp;pages=776-794&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Cheng%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Smith, K. E. et al. Global impacts of marine heatwaves on coastal foundation species. Nat. Commun. 15, 5052 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-024-49307-9\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-024-49307-9\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-024-49307-9\" aria-label=\"Article reference 21\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-024-49307-9\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXhsVagurrE\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 21\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38871692\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 21\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC11176324\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 21\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Global%20impacts%20of%20marine%20heatwaves%20on%20coastal%20foundation%20species&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-024-49307-9&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Smith%2CKE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Bateman, B. L., VanDerWal, J. &amp; Johnson, C. N. Nice weather for bettongs: using weather events, not climate means, in species distribution models. Ecography 35, 306\u2013314 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2011.06871.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2011.06871.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0587.2011.06871.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 22\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2011.06871.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Nice%20weather%20for%20bettongs%3A%20using%20weather%20events%2C%20not%20climate%20means%2C%20in%20species%20distribution%20models&amp;journal=Ecography&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1600-0587.2011.06871.x&amp;volume=35&amp;pages=306-314&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Bateman%2CBL&amp;author=VanDerWal%2CJ&amp;author=Johnson%2CCN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Klaassen, M., Marques, T. A., Alves, F. &amp; Fernandez, M. Trends in marine species distribution models: a review of methodological advances and future challenges. Ecography, e07702 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Sunday, J. M., Bates, A. E. &amp; Dulvy, N. K. Thermal tolerance and the global redistribution of animals. Nat. Clim. Chang. 2, 686\u2013690 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nclimate1539\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nclimate1539\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnclimate1539\" aria-label=\"Article reference 24\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nclimate1539\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Thermal%20tolerance%20and%20the%20global%20redistribution%20of%20animals&amp;journal=Nat.%20Clim.%20Chang.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnclimate1539&amp;volume=2&amp;pages=686-690&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Sunday%2CJM&amp;author=Bates%2CAE&amp;author=Dulvy%2CNK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Franco, J. N. et al. The \u2018golden kelp\u2019Laminaria ochroleuca under global change: Integrating multiple eco-physiological responses with species distribution models. J. Ecol. 106, 47\u201358 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/1365-2745.12810\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/1365-2745.12810\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2F1365-2745.12810\" aria-label=\"Article reference 25\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/1365-2745.12810\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20%E2%80%98golden%20kelp%E2%80%99Laminaria%20ochroleuca%20under%20global%20change%3A%20Integrating%20multiple%20eco-physiological%20responses%20with%20species%20distribution%20models&amp;journal=J.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2F1365-2745.12810&amp;volume=106&amp;pages=47-58&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Franco%2CJN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Marb\u00e0, N., Jord\u00e0, G., Bennett, S. &amp; Duarte, C. M. Seagrass thermal limits and vulnerability to future warming. Front. Mar. Sci. 9, 860826 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fmars.2022.860826\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3389\/fmars.2022.860826\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffmars.2022.860826\" aria-label=\"Article reference 26\" data-doi=\"10.3389\/fmars.2022.860826\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Seagrass%20thermal%20limits%20and%20vulnerability%20to%20future%20warming&amp;journal=Front.%20Mar.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.3389%2Ffmars.2022.860826&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Marb%C3%A0%2CN&amp;author=Jord%C3%A0%2CG&amp;author=Bennett%2CS&amp;author=Duarte%2CCM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Christie, H., J\u00f8rgensen, N. M., Norderhaug, K. M. &amp; Waage-Nielsen, E. Species distribution and habitat exploitation of fauna associated with kelp (Laminaria hyperborea) along the Norwegian coast. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 83, 687\u2013699 (2003).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1017\/S0025315403007653h\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1017\/S0025315403007653h\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2FS0025315403007653h\" aria-label=\"Article reference 27\" data-doi=\"10.1017\/S0025315403007653h\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Species%20distribution%20and%20habitat%20exploitation%20of%20fauna%20associated%20with%20kelp%20%28Laminaria%20hyperborea%29%20along%20the%20Norwegian%20coast&amp;journal=J.%20Mar.%20Biol.%20Assoc.%20U.K.&amp;doi=10.1017%2FS0025315403007653h&amp;volume=83&amp;pages=687-699&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;author=Christie%2CH&amp;author=J%C3%B8rgensen%2CNM&amp;author=Norderhaug%2CKM&amp;author=Waage-Nielsen%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Teagle, H., Hawkins, S. J., Moore, P. J. &amp; Smale, D. A. The role of kelp species as biogenic habitat formers in coastal marine ecosystems. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 492, 81\u201398 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2017.01.017\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2017.01.017\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2017.01.017\" aria-label=\"Article reference 28\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2017.01.017\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 28\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20role%20of%20kelp%20species%20as%20biogenic%20habitat%20formers%20in%20coastal%20marine%20ecosystems&amp;journal=J.%20Exp.%20Mar.%20Biol.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2017.01.017&amp;volume=492&amp;pages=81-98&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Teagle%2CH&amp;author=Hawkins%2CSJ&amp;author=Moore%2CPJ&amp;author=Smale%2CDA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Unsworth, R. &amp; Cullen-Unsworth, L. C. Biodiversity, ecosystem services, and the conservation of seagrass meadows. Coast. Conserv 19, 95 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1017\/CBO9781139137089.005\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1017\/CBO9781139137089.005\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2FCBO9781139137089.005\" aria-label=\"Article reference 29\" data-doi=\"10.1017\/CBO9781139137089.005\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Biodiversity%2C%20ecosystem%20services%2C%20and%20the%20conservation%20of%20seagrass%20meadows&amp;journal=Coast.%20Conserv&amp;doi=10.1017%2FCBO9781139137089.005&amp;volume=19&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Unsworth%2CR&amp;author=Cullen-Unsworth%2CLC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Wernberg, T., Kendrick, G. A. &amp; Toohey, B. D. Modification of the physical environment by an Ecklonia radiata (Laminariales) canopy and implications for associated foliose algae. Aquat. Ecol. 39, 419\u2013430 (2005).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s10452-005-9009-z\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s10452-005-9009-z\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s10452-005-9009-z\" aria-label=\"Article reference 30\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s10452-005-9009-z\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Modification%20of%20the%20physical%20environment%20by%20an%20Ecklonia%20radiata%20%28Laminariales%29%20canopy%20and%20implications%20for%20associated%20foliose%20algae&amp;journal=Aquat.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs10452-005-9009-z&amp;volume=39&amp;pages=419-430&amp;publication_year=2005&amp;author=Wernberg%2CT&amp;author=Kendrick%2CGA&amp;author=Toohey%2CBD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Bertocci, I., Ara\u00fajo, R., Oliveira, P. &amp; Sousa-Pinto, I. Potential effects of kelp species on local fisheries. J. Appl. Ecol. 52, 1216\u20131226 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.12483\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.12483\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2F1365-2664.12483\" aria-label=\"Article reference 31\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.12483\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 31\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Potential%20effects%20of%20kelp%20species%20on%20local%20fisheries&amp;journal=J.%20Appl.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2F1365-2664.12483&amp;volume=52&amp;pages=1216-1226&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Bertocci%2CI&amp;author=Ara%C3%BAjo%2CR&amp;author=Oliveira%2CP&amp;author=Sousa-Pinto%2CI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Smale, D. A., King, N. G., Jackson-Bu\u00e9, M. &amp; Moore, P. J. Quantifying use of kelp forest habitat by commercially important crustaceans in the United Kingdom. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 102, 627\u2013634 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1017\/S0025315422001023\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1017\/S0025315422001023\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017%2FS0025315422001023\" aria-label=\"Article reference 32\" data-doi=\"10.1017\/S0025315422001023\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Quantifying%20use%20of%20kelp%20forest%20habitat%20by%20commercially%20important%20crustaceans%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom&amp;journal=J.%20Mar.%20Biol.%20Assoc.%20U.K.&amp;doi=10.1017%2FS0025315422001023&amp;volume=102&amp;pages=627-634&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Smale%2CDA&amp;author=King%2CNG&amp;author=Jackson-Bu%C3%A9%2CM&amp;author=Moore%2CPJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Wilmers, C. C., Estes, J. A., Edwards, M., Laidre, K. L. &amp; Konar, B. Do trophic cascades affect the storage and flux of atmospheric carbon? An analysis of sea otters and kelp forests. Front. Ecol. Environ. 10, 409\u2013415 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1890\/110176\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1890\/110176\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890%2F110176\" aria-label=\"Article reference 33\" data-doi=\"10.1890\/110176\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 33\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Do%20trophic%20cascades%20affect%20the%20storage%20and%20flux%20of%20atmospheric%20carbon%3F%20An%20analysis%20of%20sea%20otters%20and%20kelp%20forests&amp;journal=Front.%20Ecol.%20Environ.&amp;doi=10.1890%2F110176&amp;volume=10&amp;pages=409-415&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Wilmers%2CCC&amp;author=Estes%2CJA&amp;author=Edwards%2CM&amp;author=Laidre%2CKL&amp;author=Konar%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Pessarrodona, A., Moore, P. J., Sayer, M. D. &amp; Smale, D. A. Carbon assimilation and transfer through kelp forests in the NE Atlantic is diminished under a warmer ocean climate. Glob. Change Biol. 24, 4386\u20134398 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/gcb.14303\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/gcb.14303\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fgcb.14303\" aria-label=\"Article reference 34\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/gcb.14303\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Carbon%20assimilation%20and%20transfer%20through%20kelp%20forests%20in%20the%20NE%20Atlantic%20is%20diminished%20under%20a%20warmer%20ocean%20climate&amp;journal=Glob.%20Change%20Biol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fgcb.14303&amp;volume=24&amp;pages=4386-4398&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Pessarrodona%2CA&amp;author=Moore%2CPJ&amp;author=Sayer%2CMD&amp;author=Smale%2CDA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Smale, D. A. &amp; King, N. G. Vol. 244 1675\u20131677 (Wiley Online Library, 2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Smale, D. A. Impacts of ocean warming on kelp forest ecosystems. New Phytol. 225, 1447\u20131454 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/nph.16107\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/nph.16107\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fnph.16107\" aria-label=\"Article reference 36\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/nph.16107\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31400287\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Impacts%20of%20ocean%20warming%20on%20kelp%20forest%20ecosystems&amp;journal=New%20Phytol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fnph.16107&amp;volume=225&amp;pages=1447-1454&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Smale%2CDA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Smith, K. E. et al. Biological impacts of marine heatwaves. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 15, 119\u2013145 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1146\/annurev-marine-032122-121437\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1146\/annurev-marine-032122-121437\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146%2Fannurev-marine-032122-121437\" aria-label=\"Article reference 37\" data-doi=\"10.1146\/annurev-marine-032122-121437\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35977411\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 37\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Biological%20impacts%20of%20marine%20heatwaves&amp;journal=Ann.%20Rev.%20Mar.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1146%2Fannurev-marine-032122-121437&amp;volume=15&amp;pages=119-145&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Smith%2CKE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Wernberg, T. et al. Climate-driven regime shift of a temperate marine ecosystem. Science 353, 169\u2013172 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.aad8745\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.aad8745\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.aad8745\" aria-label=\"Article reference 38\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.aad8745\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtFSisrjJ\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27387951\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 38\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Climate-driven%20regime%20shift%20of%20a%20temperate%20marine%20ecosystem&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.aad8745&amp;volume=353&amp;pages=169-172&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Wernberg%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Smith, K. E. et al. Socioeconomic impacts of marine heatwaves: Global issues and opportunities. Science 374, eabj3593 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.abj3593\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.abj3593\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.abj3593\" aria-label=\"Article reference 39\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.abj3593\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXitl2lsrvI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34672757\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Socioeconomic%20impacts%20of%20marine%20heatwaves%3A%20Global%20issues%20and%20opportunities&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.abj3593&amp;volume=374&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Smith%2CKE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Beas-Luna, R. et al. Geographic variation in responses of kelp forest communities of the California Current to recent climatic changes. Glob. Change Biol. 26, 6457\u20136473 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/gcb.15273\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/gcb.15273\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fgcb.15273\" aria-label=\"Article reference 40\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/gcb.15273\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 40\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Geographic%20variation%20in%20responses%20of%20kelp%20forest%20communities%20of%20the%20California%20Current%20to%20recent%20climatic%20changes&amp;journal=Glob.%20Change%20Biol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fgcb.15273&amp;volume=26&amp;pages=6457-6473&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Beas-Luna%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Strydom, S. et al. Too hot to handle: Unprecedented seagrass death driven by marine heatwave in a World Heritage Area. Glob. Change Biol. 26, 3525\u20133538 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/gcb.15065\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/gcb.15065\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fgcb.15065\" aria-label=\"Article reference 41\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/gcb.15065\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 41\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Too%20hot%20to%20handle%3A%20Unprecedented%20seagrass%20death%20driven%20by%20marine%20heatwave%20in%20a%20World%20Heritage%20Area&amp;journal=Glob.%20Change%20Biol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fgcb.15065&amp;volume=26&amp;pages=3525-3538&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Strydom%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Hensel, M. J. et al. Rise of Ruppia in Chesapeake Bay: Climate change\u2013driven turnover of foundation species creates new threats and management opportunities. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 120, e2220678120 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1073\/pnas.2220678120\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1073\/pnas.2220678120\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073%2Fpnas.2220678120\" aria-label=\"Article reference 42\" data-doi=\"10.1073\/pnas.2220678120\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXhsVChsbvN\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37252966\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10265998\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 42\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Rise%20of%20Ruppia%20in%20Chesapeake%20Bay%3A%20Climate%20change%E2%80%93driven%20turnover%20of%20foundation%20species%20creates%20new%20threats%20and%20management%20opportunities&amp;journal=Proc.%20Natl.%20Acad.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.2220678120&amp;volume=120&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Hensel%2CMJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Harley, C. D. et al. Effects of climate change on global seaweed communities. J. Phycol. 48, 1064\u20131078 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2012.01224.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2012.01224.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.2012.01224.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 43\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1529-8817.2012.01224.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhvVSnt7jK\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27011268\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 43\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Effects%20of%20climate%20change%20on%20global%20seaweed%20communities&amp;journal=J.%20Phycol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1529-8817.2012.01224.x&amp;volume=48&amp;pages=1064-1078&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Harley%2CCD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Bennett, S. et al. Thermal performance of seaweeds and seagrasses across a regional climate gradient. Front. Mar. Sci. 9, 733315 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fmars.2022.733315\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3389\/fmars.2022.733315\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffmars.2022.733315\" aria-label=\"Article reference 44\" data-doi=\"10.3389\/fmars.2022.733315\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 44\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Thermal%20performance%20of%20seaweeds%20and%20seagrasses%20across%20a%20regional%20climate%20gradient&amp;journal=Front.%20Mar.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.3389%2Ffmars.2022.733315&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Bennett%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Ummenhofer, C. C. &amp; Meehl, G. A. Extreme weather and climate events with ecological relevance: a review. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 372, 20160135 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0135\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0135\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frstb.2016.0135\" aria-label=\"Article reference 45\" data-doi=\"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0135\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 45\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Extreme%20weather%20and%20climate%20events%20with%20ecological%20relevance%3A%20a%20review&amp;journal=Philos.%20Trans.%20R.%20Soc.%20B%3A%20Biol.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1098%2Frstb.2016.0135&amp;volume=372&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Ummenhofer%2CCC&amp;author=Meehl%2CGA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Maxwell, S. L. et al. Conservation implications of ecological responses to extreme weather and climate events. Divers. Distrib. 25, 613\u2013625 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/ddi.12878\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/ddi.12878\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fddi.12878\" aria-label=\"Article reference 46\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/ddi.12878\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 46\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Conservation%20implications%20of%20ecological%20responses%20to%20extreme%20weather%20and%20climate%20events&amp;journal=Divers.%20Distrib.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fddi.12878&amp;volume=25&amp;pages=613-625&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Maxwell%2CSL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Smale, D. A. et al. Marine heatwaves threaten global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services. Nat. Clim. Chang. 9, 306\u2013312 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41558-019-0412-1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41558-019-0412-1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41558-019-0412-1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 47\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41558-019-0412-1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 47\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Marine%20heatwaves%20threaten%20global%20biodiversity%20and%20the%20provision%20of%20ecosystem%20services&amp;journal=Nat.%20Clim.%20Chang.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41558-019-0412-1&amp;volume=9&amp;pages=306-312&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Smale%2CDA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Webb, T. J., Lines, A. &amp; Howarth, L. M. Occupancy-derived thermal affinities reflect known physiological thermal limits of marine species. Ecol. Evol. 10, 7050\u20137061 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/ece3.6407\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/ece3.6407\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fece3.6407\" aria-label=\"Article reference 48\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/ece3.6407\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32760510\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 48\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7391554\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 48\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 48\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Occupancy-derived%20thermal%20affinities%20reflect%20known%20physiological%20thermal%20limits%20of%20marine%20species&amp;journal=Ecol.%20Evol.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fece3.6407&amp;volume=10&amp;pages=7050-7061&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Webb%2CTJ&amp;author=Lines%2CA&amp;author=Howarth%2CLM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Gamliel, I. et al. Incorporating physiology into species distribution models moderates the projected impact of warming on selected Mediterranean marine species. Ecography 43, 1090\u20131106 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/ecog.04423\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/ecog.04423\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fecog.04423\" aria-label=\"Article reference 49\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/ecog.04423\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 49\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Incorporating%20physiology%20into%20species%20distribution%20models%20moderates%20the%20projected%20impact%20of%20warming%20on%20selected%20Mediterranean%20marine%20species&amp;journal=Ecography&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fecog.04423&amp;volume=43&amp;pages=1090-1106&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Gamliel%2CI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">Sorte, C. J., Jones, S. J. &amp; Miller, L. P. Geographic variation in temperature tolerance as an indicator of potential population responses to climate change. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 400, 209\u2013217 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2011.02.009\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2011.02.009\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2011.02.009\" aria-label=\"Article reference 50\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2011.02.009\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 50\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Geographic%20variation%20in%20temperature%20tolerance%20as%20an%20indicator%20of%20potential%20population%20responses%20to%20climate%20change&amp;journal=J.%20Exp.%20Mar.%20Biol.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2011.02.009&amp;volume=400&amp;pages=209-217&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Sorte%2CCJ&amp;author=Jones%2CSJ&amp;author=Miller%2CLP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Bertolini, C. &amp; Pastres, R. Tolerance landscapes can be used to predict species-specific responses to climate change beyond the marine heatwave concept: Using tolerance landscape models for an ecologically meaningful classification of extreme climate events. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 252, 107284 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.ecss.2021.107284\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.ecss.2021.107284\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.ecss.2021.107284\" aria-label=\"Article reference 51\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.ecss.2021.107284\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 51\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tolerance%20landscapes%20can%20be%20used%20to%20predict%20species-specific%20responses%20to%20climate%20change%20beyond%20the%20marine%20heatwave%20concept%3A%20Using%20tolerance%20landscape%20models%20for%20an%20ecologically%20meaningful%20classification%20of%20extreme%20climate%20events&amp;journal=Estuar.%20Coast.%20Shelf%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecss.2021.107284&amp;volume=252&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Bertolini%2CC&amp;author=Pastres%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">Chatzimentor, A., Doxa, A., Katsanevakis, S. &amp; Mazaris, A. D. Are Mediterranean marine threatened species at high risk by climate change?. Glob. Change Biol. 29, 1809\u20131821 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/gcb.16577\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/gcb.16577\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fgcb.16577\" aria-label=\"Article reference 52\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/gcb.16577\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXhs1OjsL0%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 52\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 52\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Are%20Mediterranean%20marine%20threatened%20species%20at%20high%20risk%20by%20climate%20change%3F&amp;journal=Glob.%20Change%20Biol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fgcb.16577&amp;volume=29&amp;pages=1809-1821&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Chatzimentor%2CA&amp;author=Doxa%2CA&amp;author=Katsanevakis%2CS&amp;author=Mazaris%2CAD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Duarte, C. M. et al. Global estimates of the extent and production of macroalgal forests. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 31, 1422\u20131439 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/geb.13515\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/geb.13515\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fgeb.13515\" aria-label=\"Article reference 53\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/geb.13515\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 53\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Global%20estimates%20of%20the%20extent%20and%20production%20of%20macroalgal%20forests&amp;journal=Glob.%20Ecol.%20Biogeogr.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fgeb.13515&amp;volume=31&amp;pages=1422-1439&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Duarte%2CCM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">McKenzie, L. J. et al. The global distribution of seagrass meadows. Environ. Res. Lett. 15, 074041 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab7d06\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab7d06\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fab7d06\" aria-label=\"Article reference 54\" data-doi=\"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab7d06\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 54\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20global%20distribution%20of%20seagrass%20meadows&amp;journal=Environ.%20Res.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Fab7d06&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=McKenzie%2CLJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Bringloe, T. T. et al. Phylogeny and evolution of the brown algae. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 39, 281\u2013321 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1080\/07352689.2020.1787679\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1080\/07352689.2020.1787679\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F07352689.2020.1787679\" aria-label=\"Article reference 55\" data-doi=\"10.1080\/07352689.2020.1787679\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXis1OgsLY%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 55\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 55\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Phylogeny%20and%20evolution%20of%20the%20brown%20algae&amp;journal=Crit.%20Rev.%20Plant%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1080%2F07352689.2020.1787679&amp;volume=39&amp;pages=281-321&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Bringloe%2CTT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">Bolton, J. J. The biogeography of kelps (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae): a global analysis with new insights from recent advances in molecular phylogenetics. Helgol. Mar. Res. 64, 263\u2013279 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s10152-010-0211-6\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s10152-010-0211-6\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s10152-010-0211-6\" aria-label=\"Article reference 56\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s10152-010-0211-6\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 56\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20biogeography%20of%20kelps%20%28Laminariales%2C%20Phaeophyceae%29%3A%20a%20global%20analysis%20with%20new%20insights%20from%20recent%20advances%20in%20molecular%20phylogenetics&amp;journal=Helgol.%20Mar.%20Res.&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs10152-010-0211-6&amp;volume=64&amp;pages=263-279&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Bolton%2CJJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR57\">Larkum, A. W., Waycott, M. &amp; Conran, J. G. Evolution and biogeography of seagrasses. 3\u201329 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR58\">Short, F., Carruthers, T., Dennison, W. &amp; Waycott, M. Global seagrass distribution and diversity: a bioregional model. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 350, 3\u201320 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2007.06.012\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2007.06.012\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2007.06.012\" aria-label=\"Article reference 58\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2007.06.012\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 58\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Global%20seagrass%20distribution%20and%20diversity%3A%20a%20bioregional%20model&amp;journal=J.%20Exp.%20Mar.%20Biol.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2007.06.012&amp;volume=350&amp;pages=3-20&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Short%2CF&amp;author=Carruthers%2CT&amp;author=Dennison%2CW&amp;author=Waycott%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR59\">Fragkopoulou, E. et al. Global biodiversity patterns of marine forests of brown macroalgae. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 31, 636\u2013648 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/geb.13450\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/geb.13450\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fgeb.13450\" aria-label=\"Article reference 59\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/geb.13450\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 59\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Global%20biodiversity%20patterns%20of%20marine%20forests%20of%20brown%20macroalgae&amp;journal=Glob.%20Ecol.%20Biogeogr.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fgeb.13450&amp;volume=31&amp;pages=636-648&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Fragkopoulou%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR60\">Thomsen, M. S., St\u00e6hr, P. A. &amp; South, P. M. Fabulous but forgotten fucoid forests. Ecol. Evol. 14, e70491 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/ece3.70491\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/ece3.70491\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fece3.70491\" aria-label=\"Article reference 60\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/ece3.70491\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=39524310\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 60\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC11549648\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 60\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 60\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Fabulous%20but%20forgotten%20fucoid%20forests&amp;journal=Ecol.%20Evol.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fece3.70491&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Thomsen%2CMS&amp;author=St%C3%A6hr%2CPA&amp;author=South%2CPM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR61\">Nguyen, K. D. T. et al. Upper temperature limits of tropical marine ectotherms: global warming implications. PLoS ONE 6, e29340 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029340\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029340\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0029340\" aria-label=\"Article reference 61\" data-doi=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029340\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xms1Kqtg%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22242115\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3248430\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 61\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Upper%20temperature%20limits%20of%20tropical%20marine%20ectotherms%3A%20global%20warming%20implications&amp;journal=PLoS%20ONE&amp;doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0029340&amp;volume=6&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Nguyen%2CKDT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR62\">Madeira, D., Narciso, L., Cabral, H. N. &amp; Vinagre, C. Thermal tolerance and potential impacts of climate change on coastal and estuarine organisms. J. Sea Res. 70, 32\u201341 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.seares.2012.03.002\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.seares.2012.03.002\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.seares.2012.03.002\" aria-label=\"Article reference 62\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.seares.2012.03.002\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 62\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Thermal%20tolerance%20and%20potential%20impacts%20of%20climate%20change%20on%20coastal%20and%20estuarine%20organisms&amp;journal=J.%20Sea%20Res.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.seares.2012.03.002&amp;volume=70&amp;pages=32-41&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Madeira%2CD&amp;author=Narciso%2CL&amp;author=Cabral%2CHN&amp;author=Vinagre%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR63\">Smith, K. E., Moore, P. J., King, N. G. &amp; Smale, D. A. Examining the influence of regional-scale variability in temperature and light availability on the depth distribution of subtidal kelp forests. Limnol. Oceanogr. 67, 314\u2013328 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/lno.11994\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/lno.11994\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Flno.11994\" aria-label=\"Article reference 63\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/lno.11994\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 63\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Examining%20the%20influence%20of%20regional-scale%20variability%20in%20temperature%20and%20light%20availability%20on%20the%20depth%20distribution%20of%20subtidal%20kelp%20forests&amp;journal=Limnol.%20Oceanogr.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Flno.11994&amp;volume=67&amp;pages=314-328&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Smith%2CKE&amp;author=Moore%2CPJ&amp;author=King%2CNG&amp;author=Smale%2CDA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR64\">Harris, O., King, N. G., Foggo, A. &amp; Smale, D. A. Intraspecific facilitation in an intertidal foundation species plays fundamental role in promoting resistance to extreme climatic events. Oikos, e11079 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR65\">Collier, C. &amp; Waycott, M. Temperature extremes reduce seagrass growth and induce mortality. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 83, 483\u2013490 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2014.03.050\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2014.03.050\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2014.03.050\" aria-label=\"Article reference 65\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2014.03.050\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXnt1GgsLc%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 65\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=24793782\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 65\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 65\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Temperature%20extremes%20reduce%20seagrass%20growth%20and%20induce%20mortality&amp;journal=Mar.%20Pollut.%20Bull.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.marpolbul.2014.03.050&amp;volume=83&amp;pages=483-490&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Collier%2CC&amp;author=Waycott%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR66\">Graiff, A., Liesner, D., Karsten, U. &amp; Bartsch, I. Temperature tolerance of western Baltic Sea Fucus vesiculosus\u2013growth, photosynthesis and survival. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 471, 8\u201316 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2015.05.009\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2015.05.009\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2015.05.009\" aria-label=\"Article reference 66\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2015.05.009\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 66\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Temperature%20tolerance%20of%20western%20Baltic%20Sea%20Fucus%20vesiculosus%E2%80%93growth%2C%20photosynthesis%20and%20survival&amp;journal=J.%20Exp.%20Mar.%20Biol.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2015.05.009&amp;volume=471&amp;pages=8-16&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Graiff%2CA&amp;author=Liesner%2CD&amp;author=Karsten%2CU&amp;author=Bartsch%2CI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR67\">Eggert, A. &amp; Wiencke, C. Adaptation and acclimation of growth and photosynthesis of five Antarctic red algae to low temperatures. Polar Biol. 23, 609\u2013618 (2000).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s003000000130\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s003000000130\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s003000000130\" aria-label=\"Article reference 67\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s003000000130\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 67\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Adaptation%20and%20acclimation%20of%20growth%20and%20photosynthesis%20of%20five%20Antarctic%20red%20algae%20to%20low%20temperatures&amp;journal=Polar%20Biol.&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs003000000130&amp;volume=23&amp;pages=609-618&amp;publication_year=2000&amp;author=Eggert%2CA&amp;author=Wiencke%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR68\">Wahid, A., Gelani, S., Ashraf, M. &amp; Foolad, M. R. Heat tolerance in plants: an overview. Environ. Exp. Bot. 61, 199\u2013223 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2007.05.011\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2007.05.011\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.envexpbot.2007.05.011\" aria-label=\"Article reference 68\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2007.05.011\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 68\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Heat%20tolerance%20in%20plants%3A%20an%20overview&amp;journal=Environ.%20Exp.%20Bot.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.envexpbot.2007.05.011&amp;volume=61&amp;pages=199-223&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Wahid%2CA&amp;author=Gelani%2CS&amp;author=Ashraf%2CM&amp;author=Foolad%2CMR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR69\">Davison, I. R. Environmental effects on algal photosynthesis: temperature. J. Phycol. 27, 2\u20138 (1991).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.0022-3646.1991.00002.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.0022-3646.1991.00002.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.0022-3646.1991.00002.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 69\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.0022-3646.1991.00002.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 69\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Environmental%20effects%20on%20algal%20photosynthesis%3A%20temperature&amp;journal=J.%20Phycol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.0022-3646.1991.00002.x&amp;volume=27&amp;pages=2-8&amp;publication_year=1991&amp;author=Davison%2CIR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR70\">Bulthuis, D. A. Effects of temperature on photosynthesis and growth of seagrasses. Aquat. Bot. 27, 27\u201340 (1987).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/0304-3770(87)90084-2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/0304-3770(87)90084-2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2F0304-3770%2887%2990084-2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 70\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/0304-3770(87)90084-2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 70\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Effects%20of%20temperature%20on%20photosynthesis%20and%20growth%20of%20seagrasses&amp;journal=Aquat.%20Bot.&amp;doi=10.1016%2F0304-3770%2887%2990084-2&amp;volume=27&amp;pages=27-40&amp;publication_year=1987&amp;author=Bulthuis%2CDA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR71\">Saha, M. et al. Response of foundation macrophytes to near-natural simulated marine heatwaves. Glob. Change Biol. 26, 417\u2013430 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/gcb.14801\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/gcb.14801\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fgcb.14801\" aria-label=\"Article reference 71\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/gcb.14801\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 71\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Response%20of%20foundation%20macrophytes%20to%20near-natural%20simulated%20marine%20heatwaves&amp;journal=Glob.%20Change%20Biol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fgcb.14801&amp;volume=26&amp;pages=417-430&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Saha%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR72\">Eggert, A. Seaweed responses to temperature. Seaweed biology: Novel insights into ecophysiology, ecology and utilization, 47\u201366 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR73\">Harada, A. E. &amp; Burton, R. S. Ecologically relevant temperature ramping rates enhance the protective heat shock response in an intertidal ectotherm. Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 92, 152\u2013162 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/702339\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/702339\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F702339\" aria-label=\"Article reference 73\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/702339\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30694107\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 73\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 73\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ecologically%20relevant%20temperature%20ramping%20rates%20enhance%20the%20protective%20heat%20shock%20response%20in%20an%20intertidal%20ectotherm&amp;journal=Physiol.%20Biochem.%20Zool.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F702339&amp;volume=92&amp;pages=152-162&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Harada%2CAE&amp;author=Burton%2CRS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR74\">Schulte, P. M., Healy, T. M. &amp; Fangue, N. A. Thermal performance curves, phenotypic plasticity, and the time scales of temperature exposure. Integr. Comp. Biol. 51, 691\u2013702 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/icb\/icr097\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/icb\/icr097\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Ficb%2Ficr097\" aria-label=\"Article reference 74\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/icb\/icr097\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=21841184\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 74\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 74\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Thermal%20performance%20curves%2C%20phenotypic%20plasticity%2C%20and%20the%20time%20scales%20of%20temperature%20exposure&amp;journal=Integr.%20Comp.%20Biol.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Ficb%2Ficr097&amp;volume=51&amp;pages=691-702&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Schulte%2CPM&amp;author=Healy%2CTM&amp;author=Fangue%2CNA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR75\">Leathers, T., King, N. G., Foggo, A. &amp; Smale, D. A. Marine heatwave duration and intensity interact to reduce physiological tipping points of kelp species with contrasting thermal affinities. Ann. Bot. 133, 51\u201360 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/aob\/mcad172\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/aob\/mcad172\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Faob%2Fmcad172\" aria-label=\"Article reference 75\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/aob\/mcad172\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37946547\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 75\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 75\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Marine%20heatwave%20duration%20and%20intensity%20interact%20to%20reduce%20physiological%20tipping%20points%20of%20kelp%20species%20with%20contrasting%20thermal%20affinities&amp;journal=Ann.%20Bot.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Faob%2Fmcad172&amp;volume=133&amp;pages=51-60&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Leathers%2CT&amp;author=King%2CNG&amp;author=Foggo%2CA&amp;author=Smale%2CDA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR76\">Moyano, M. et al. Effects of warming rate, acclimation temperature and ontogeny on the critical thermal maximum of temperate marine fish larvae. PLoS ONE 12, e0179928 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179928\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179928\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0179928\" aria-label=\"Article reference 76\" data-doi=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179928\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28749960\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 76\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5531428\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 76\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 76\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Effects%20of%20warming%20rate%2C%20acclimation%20temperature%20and%20ontogeny%20on%20the%20critical%20thermal%20maximum%20of%20temperate%20marine%20fish%20larvae&amp;journal=PLoS%20ONE&amp;doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0179928&amp;volume=12&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Moyano%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR77\">Madeira, C., Mendon\u00e7a, V., Flores, A. A., Diniz, M. S. &amp; Vinagre, C. High thermal tolerance does not protect from chronic warming\u2013A multiple end-point approach using a tropical gastropod. Stramonita haemastoma. Ecological Indicators 91, 626\u2013635 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.04.044\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.04.044\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.ecolind.2018.04.044\" aria-label=\"Article reference 77\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.04.044\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 77\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=High%20thermal%20tolerance%20does%20not%20protect%20from%20chronic%20warming%E2%80%93A%20multiple%20end-point%20approach%20using%20a%20tropical%20gastropod&amp;journal=Stramonita%20haemastoma.%20Ecological%20Indicators&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecolind.2018.04.044&amp;volume=91&amp;pages=626-635&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Madeira%2CC&amp;author=Mendon%C3%A7a%2CV&amp;author=Flores%2CAA&amp;author=Diniz%2CMS&amp;author=Vinagre%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR78\">Smith, K. E., Thatje, S. &amp; Hauton, C. Thermal tolerance during early ontogeny in the common whelk Buccinum undatum (Linnaeus 1785): bioenergetics, nurse egg partitioning and developmental success. J. Sea Res. 79, 32\u201339 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.seares.2013.01.008\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.seares.2013.01.008\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.seares.2013.01.008\" aria-label=\"Article reference 78\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.seares.2013.01.008\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 78\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Thermal%20tolerance%20during%20early%20ontogeny%20in%20the%20common%20whelk%20Buccinum%20undatum%20%28Linnaeus%201785%29%3A%20bioenergetics%2C%20nurse%20egg%20partitioning%20and%20developmental%20success&amp;journal=J.%20Sea%20Res.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.seares.2013.01.008&amp;volume=79&amp;pages=32-39&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Smith%2CKE&amp;author=Thatje%2CS&amp;author=Hauton%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR79\">Veenhof, R. J. et al. In Oceanography and marine biology (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 79\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=In%20Oceanography%20and%20marine%20biology&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Veenhof%2CRJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR80\">Veenhof, R. et al. Projecting kelp (Ecklonia radiata) gametophyte thermal adaptation and persistence under climate change. Ann. Bot. 133, 153\u2013168 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/aob\/mcad132\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/aob\/mcad132\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Faob%2Fmcad132\" aria-label=\"Article reference 80\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/aob\/mcad132\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BB2sjhtlaksg%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 80\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37665952\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 80\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 80\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Projecting%20kelp%20%28Ecklonia%20radiata%29%20gametophyte%20thermal%20adaptation%20and%20persistence%20under%20climate%20change&amp;journal=Ann.%20Bot.&amp;doi=10.1093%2Faob%2Fmcad132&amp;volume=133&amp;pages=153-168&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Veenhof%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR81\">Becheler, R. et al. Variation in thermal tolerance of the giant kelp\u2019s gametophytes: suitability of habitat, population quality or local adaptation?. Front. Mar. Sci. 9, 802535 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fmars.2022.802535\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3389\/fmars.2022.802535\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffmars.2022.802535\" aria-label=\"Article reference 81\" data-doi=\"10.3389\/fmars.2022.802535\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 81\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Variation%20in%20thermal%20tolerance%20of%20the%20giant%20kelp%E2%80%99s%20gametophytes%3A%20suitability%20of%20habitat%2C%20population%20quality%20or%20local%20adaptation%3F&amp;journal=Front.%20Mar.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.3389%2Ffmars.2022.802535&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Becheler%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR82\">Truebano, M., Fenner, P., Tills, O., Rundle, S. D. &amp; Rezende, E. L. Thermal strategies vary with life history stage. J. Experim. Biol. 221, jeb171629 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1242\/jeb.171629\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1242\/jeb.171629\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242%2Fjeb.171629\" aria-label=\"Article reference 82\" data-doi=\"10.1242\/jeb.171629\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 82\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Thermal%20strategies%20vary%20with%20life%20history%20stage&amp;journal=J.%20Experim.%20Biol.&amp;doi=10.1242%2Fjeb.171629&amp;volume=221&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Truebano%2CM&amp;author=Fenner%2CP&amp;author=Tills%2CO&amp;author=Rundle%2CSD&amp;author=Rezende%2CEL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR83\">Stuart-Smith, R. D., Edgar, G. J. &amp; Bates, A. E. Thermal limits to the geographic distributions of shallow-water marine species. Nature Ecol. Evolut. 1, 1846\u20131852 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41559-017-0353-x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41559-017-0353-x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41559-017-0353-x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 83\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41559-017-0353-x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 83\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Thermal%20limits%20to%20the%20geographic%20distributions%20of%20shallow-water%20marine%20species&amp;journal=Nature%20Ecol.%20Evolut.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41559-017-0353-x&amp;volume=1&amp;pages=1846-1852&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Stuart-Smith%2CRD&amp;author=Edgar%2CGJ&amp;author=Bates%2CAE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR84\">King, N. G., McKeown, N. J., Smale, D. A. &amp; Moore, P. J. The importance of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation in driving intraspecific variability in thermal niches of marine macrophytes. Ecography 41, 1469\u20131484 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/ecog.03186\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/ecog.03186\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fecog.03186\" aria-label=\"Article reference 84\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/ecog.03186\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 84\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20importance%20of%20phenotypic%20plasticity%20and%20local%20adaptation%20in%20driving%20intraspecific%20variability%20in%20thermal%20niches%20of%20marine%20macrophytes&amp;journal=Ecography&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fecog.03186&amp;volume=41&amp;pages=1469-1484&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=King%2CNG&amp;author=McKeown%2CNJ&amp;author=Smale%2CDA&amp;author=Moore%2CPJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR85\">King, N. G. et al. Evidence for different thermal ecotypes in range centre and trailing edge kelp populations. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 514, 10\u201317 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2019.03.004\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2019.03.004\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2019.03.004\" aria-label=\"Article reference 85\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2019.03.004\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 85\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Evidence%20for%20different%20thermal%20ecotypes%20in%20range%20centre%20and%20trailing%20edge%20kelp%20populations&amp;journal=J.%20Exp.%20Mar.%20Biol.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2019.03.004&amp;volume=514&amp;pages=10-17&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=King%2CNG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR86\">Liesner, D. et al. Heat stress responses and population genetics of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) across latitudes reveal differentiation among North Atlantic populations. Ecol. Evol. 10, 9144\u20139177 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/ece3.6569\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/ece3.6569\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fece3.6569\" aria-label=\"Article reference 86\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/ece3.6569\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32953052\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 86\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7487260\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 86\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 86\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Heat%20stress%20responses%20and%20population%20genetics%20of%20the%20kelp%20Laminaria%20digitata%20%28Phaeophyceae%29%20across%20latitudes%20reveal%20differentiation%20among%20North%20Atlantic%20populations&amp;journal=Ecol.%20Evol.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fece3.6569&amp;volume=10&amp;pages=9144-9177&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Liesner%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR87\">Ladah, L. B. &amp; Zertuche-Gonz\u00e1lez, J. A. Local adaptation of juvenile giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, from their southern limit in the northern hemisphere explored using reciprocal transplantation. Eur. J. Phycol. 57, 357\u2013366 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1080\/09670262.2021.2007543\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1080\/09670262.2021.2007543\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F09670262.2021.2007543\" aria-label=\"Article reference 87\" data-doi=\"10.1080\/09670262.2021.2007543\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38Xos1ahurg%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 87\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 87\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Local%20adaptation%20of%20juvenile%20giant%20kelp%2C%20Macrocystis%20pyrifera%2C%20from%20their%20southern%20limit%20in%20the%20northern%20hemisphere%20explored%20using%20reciprocal%20transplantation&amp;journal=Eur.%20J.%20Phycol.&amp;doi=10.1080%2F09670262.2021.2007543&amp;volume=57&amp;pages=357-366&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Ladah%2CLB&amp;author=Zertuche-Gonz%C3%A1lez%2CJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR88\">Strasser, F.-E. et al. Population level variation in reproductive development and output in the golden kelp Laminaria ochroleuca under marine heat wave scenarios. Front. Mar. Sci. 9, 943511 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fmars.2022.943511\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3389\/fmars.2022.943511\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffmars.2022.943511\" aria-label=\"Article reference 88\" data-doi=\"10.3389\/fmars.2022.943511\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 88\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Population%20level%20variation%20in%20reproductive%20development%20and%20output%20in%20the%20golden%20kelp%20Laminaria%20ochroleuca%20under%20marine%20heat%20wave%20scenarios&amp;journal=Front.%20Mar.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.3389%2Ffmars.2022.943511&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Strasser%2CF-E\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR89\">Desforges, J. E. et al. The ecological relevance of critical thermal maxima methodology for fishes. J. Fish Biol. 102, 1000\u20131016 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/jfb.15368\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/jfb.15368\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fjfb.15368\" aria-label=\"Article reference 89\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/jfb.15368\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=36880500\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 89\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 89\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20ecological%20relevance%20of%20critical%20thermal%20maxima%20methodology%20for%20fishes&amp;journal=J.%20Fish%20Biol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fjfb.15368&amp;volume=102&amp;pages=1000-1016&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Desforges%2CJE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR90\">Bartsch, I., Vogt, J., Pehlke, C. &amp; Hanelt, D. Prevailing sea surface temperatures inhibit summer reproduction of the kelp L aminaria digitata at H elgoland (N orth S ea). J. Phycol. 49, 1061\u20131073 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/jpy.12125\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/jpy.12125\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fjpy.12125\" aria-label=\"Article reference 90\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/jpy.12125\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27007627\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 90\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 90\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Prevailing%20sea%20surface%20temperatures%20inhibit%20summer%20reproduction%20of%20the%20kelp%20L%20aminaria%20digitata%20at%20H%20elgoland%20%28N%20orth%20S%20ea%29&amp;journal=J.%20Phycol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fjpy.12125&amp;volume=49&amp;pages=1061-1073&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Bartsch%2CI&amp;author=Vogt%2CJ&amp;author=Pehlke%2CC&amp;author=Hanelt%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR91\">Qin, L.-Z. et al. Long-term variability in the flowering phenology and intensity of the temperate seagrass Zostera marina in response to regional sea warming. Ecol. Ind. 119, 106821 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106821\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106821\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.ecolind.2020.106821\" aria-label=\"Article reference 91\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106821\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 91\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Long-term%20variability%20in%20the%20flowering%20phenology%20and%20intensity%20of%20the%20temperate%20seagrass%20Zostera%20marina%20in%20response%20to%20regional%20sea%20warming&amp;journal=Ecol.%20Ind.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecolind.2020.106821&amp;volume=119&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Qin%2CL-Z\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR92\">Bass, A. V., Smith, K. E. &amp; Smale, D. A. Marine heatwaves and decreased light availability interact to erode the ecophysiological performance of habitat-forming kelp species. J. Phycol. 59, 481\u2013495 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/jpy.13332\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/jpy.13332\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fjpy.13332\" aria-label=\"Article reference 92\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/jpy.13332\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=36964952\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 92\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 92\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Marine%20heatwaves%20and%20decreased%20light%20availability%20interact%20to%20erode%20the%20ecophysiological%20performance%20of%20habitat-forming%20kelp%20species&amp;journal=J.%20Phycol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fjpy.13332&amp;volume=59&amp;pages=481-495&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Bass%2CAV&amp;author=Smith%2CKE&amp;author=Smale%2CDA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR93\">Collier, C. J., Uthicke, S. &amp; Waycott, M. Thermal tolerance of two seagrass species at contrasting light levels: implications for future distribution in the Great Barrier Reef. Limnol. Oceanogr. 56, 2200\u20132210 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.4319\/lo.2011.56.6.2200\" data-track-item_id=\"10.4319\/lo.2011.56.6.2200\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4319%2Flo.2011.56.6.2200\" aria-label=\"Article reference 93\" data-doi=\"10.4319\/lo.2011.56.6.2200\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhs1yntLzN\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 93\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 93\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Thermal%20tolerance%20of%20two%20seagrass%20species%20at%20contrasting%20light%20levels%3A%20implications%20for%20future%20distribution%20in%20the%20Great%20Barrier%20Reef&amp;journal=Limnol.%20Oceanogr.&amp;doi=10.4319%2Flo.2011.56.6.2200&amp;volume=56&amp;pages=2200-2210&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Collier%2CCJ&amp;author=Uthicke%2CS&amp;author=Waycott%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR94\">Fern\u00e1ndez, P. A. et al. Nitrogen sufficiency enhances thermal tolerance in habitat-forming kelp: implications for acclimation under thermal stress. Sci. Rep. 10, 3186 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41598-020-60104-4\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41598-020-60104-4\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41598-020-60104-4\" aria-label=\"Article reference 94\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41598-020-60104-4\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32081970\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 94\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7035356\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 94\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 94\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Nitrogen%20sufficiency%20enhances%20thermal%20tolerance%20in%20habitat-forming%20kelp%3A%20implications%20for%20acclimation%20under%20thermal%20stress&amp;journal=Sci.%20Rep.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-020-60104-4&amp;volume=10&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Fern%C3%A1ndez%2CPA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR95\">Nguyen, H. M. et al. Stress memory in seagrasses: first insight into the effects of thermal priming and the role of epigenetic modifications. Front. Plant Sci. 11, 494 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00494\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00494\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffpls.2020.00494\" aria-label=\"Article reference 95\" data-doi=\"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00494\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32411166\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 95\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7199800\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 95\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 95\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Stress%20memory%20in%20seagrasses%3A%20first%20insight%20into%20the%20effects%20of%20thermal%20priming%20and%20the%20role%20of%20epigenetic%20modifications&amp;journal=Front.%20Plant%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.3389%2Ffpls.2020.00494&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Nguyen%2CHM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR96\">Gauci, C., Jueterbock, A., Khatei, A., Hoarau, G. &amp; Bartsch, I. Thermal priming of Saccharina latissima: a promising strategy to improve seaweed production and restoration in future climates. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 745, 59\u201371 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3354\/meps14683\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3354\/meps14683\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354%2Fmeps14683\" aria-label=\"Article reference 96\" data-doi=\"10.3354\/meps14683\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 96\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Thermal%20priming%20of%20Saccharina%20latissima%3A%20a%20promising%20strategy%20to%20improve%20seaweed%20production%20and%20restoration%20in%20future%20climates&amp;journal=Mar.%20Ecol.%20Prog.%20Ser.&amp;doi=10.3354%2Fmeps14683&amp;volume=745&amp;pages=59-71&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Gauci%2CC&amp;author=Jueterbock%2CA&amp;author=Khatei%2CA&amp;author=Hoarau%2CG&amp;author=Bartsch%2CI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR97\">King, N. G., Leathers, T., Smith, K. E. &amp; Smale, D. A. The influence of pre-exposure to marine heatwaves on the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of marine foundation species. Funct. Ecol. 39(8), 1869\u20131878 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/1365-2435.14622\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/1365-2435.14622\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2F1365-2435.14622\" aria-label=\"Article reference 97\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/1365-2435.14622\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 97\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20influence%20of%20pre-exposure%20to%20marine%20heatwaves%20on%20the%20critical%20thermal%20maxima%20%28CTmax%29%20of%20marine%20foundation%20species&amp;journal=Funct.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2F1365-2435.14622&amp;volume=39&amp;issue=8&amp;pages=1869-1878&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=King%2CNG&amp;author=Leathers%2CT&amp;author=Smith%2CKE&amp;author=Smale%2CDA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR98\">Hereward, H. F., King, N. G. &amp; Smale, D. A. Intra-annual variability in responses of a canopy forming kelp to cumulative low tide heat stress: Implications for populations at the trailing range edge. J. Phycol. 56, 146\u2013158 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/jpy.12927\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/jpy.12927\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fjpy.12927\" aria-label=\"Article reference 98\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/jpy.12927\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31571218\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 98\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 98\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Intra-annual%20variability%20in%20responses%20of%20a%20canopy%20forming%20kelp%20to%20cumulative%20low%20tide%20heat%20stress%3A%20Implications%20for%20populations%20at%20the%20trailing%20range%20edge&amp;journal=J.%20Phycol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fjpy.12927&amp;volume=56&amp;pages=146-158&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Hereward%2CHF&amp;author=King%2CNG&amp;author=Smale%2CDA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR99\">Verg\u00e9s, A. et al. The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems: climate-mediated changes in herbivory and community phase shifts. Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 281, 20140846 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1098\/rspb.2014.0846\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1098\/rspb.2014.0846\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frspb.2014.0846\" aria-label=\"Article reference 99\" data-doi=\"10.1098\/rspb.2014.0846\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 99\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20tropicalization%20of%20temperate%20marine%20ecosystems%3A%20climate-mediated%20changes%20in%20herbivory%20and%20community%20phase%20shifts&amp;journal=Proc.%20R.%20Soc.%20B%3A%20Biol.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1098%2Frspb.2014.0846&amp;volume=281&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Verg%C3%A9s%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR100\">Kordas, R. L., Harley, C. D. &amp; O\u2019Connor, M. I. Community ecology in a warming world: the influence of temperature on interspecific interactions in marine systems. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 400, 218\u2013226 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2011.02.029\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2011.02.029\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2011.02.029\" aria-label=\"Article reference 100\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jembe.2011.02.029\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 100\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Community%20ecology%20in%20a%20warming%20world%3A%20the%20influence%20of%20temperature%20on%20interspecific%20interactions%20in%20marine%20systems&amp;journal=J.%20Exp.%20Mar.%20Biol.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jembe.2011.02.029&amp;volume=400&amp;pages=218-226&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Kordas%2CRL&amp;author=Harley%2CCD&amp;author=O%E2%80%99Connor%2CMI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Clarke, A. Costs and consequences of evolutionary temperature adaptation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18, 573\u2013581 (2003). Article\u00a0 Google Scholar\u00a0&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":275886,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[49,48,6093,55266,8889,32909,126213,1099,75066,1100,72173,66,126214,3610,126215],"class_list":["post-275885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-science","tag-ca","tag-canada","tag-climate-change","tag-climate-sciences","tag-ecology","tag-environmental-sciences","tag-fucoid","tag-humanities-and-social-sciences","tag-kelp","tag-multidisciplinary","tag-ocean-sciences","tag-science","tag-seagrass","tag-temperature","tag-thermal-thresholds"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275885","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275885"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275885\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/275886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275885"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=275885"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=275885"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}