![\"Donald](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/1764441370_446_default.jpg\")
Donald Killorn, executive director of the P.E.I. Federation of Agriculture, says local labour can’t meet the demand of the large-scale food production on the Island. (Shane Hennessey\/CBC)<\/p>\nFor years, the faces behind Prince Edward Island\u2019s food industries have increasingly come from far beyond the Island\u2019s shores.<\/p>\n
Many are temporary foreign workers: people who come to Canada for a set period of time, often to fill jobs in sectors facing labour shortages.<\/p>\n
On P.E.I., up to 20 per cent of the province’s agriculture workforce is made up of people from other countries, said Donald Killorn, executive director of the P.E.I. Federation of Agriculture. These workers help operate farms, manage production and harvest crops.<\/p>\n
\u201cWithout that labour\u2026 it wouldn’t be possible for Prince Edward Island farmers to do the things they need to do to farm the land,\u201d Killorn told CBC News.<\/p>\n
Donald Killorn, executive director of the P.E.I. Federation of Agriculture, says local labour can’t meet the demand of the large-scale food production on the Island. (Shane Hennessey\/CBC)<\/p>\n
The federal Temporary Foreign Worker Program, which began half a century ago, was originally designed to address short-term labour shortages in agriculture \u2014 but economists say it has expanded well beyond its original scope.<\/p>\n
Prime Minister Mark Carney\u2019s first budget, which passed earlier this month, includes plans to scale the program back, with significant reductions to the number of temporary foreign workers admitted to Canada over the next three years.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n Still, experts say the program\u2019s expansion has already impacted Canada\u2019s labour market, raising questions about whether the reliance on foreign workers benefits the broader economy, especially as unemployment rates rise<\/a>. <\/p>\n \u201cI think we’re becoming reliant on temporary migration in general to fill these jobs,” said Christopher Worswick, an economics professor at Carleton University who has researched the program. <\/p>\n “I can’t say that it’s causing the high youth unemployment we’re experiencing in Canada but, coincidentally, we have very high youth unemployment<\/a>.”<\/p>\n Local labour alone can\u2019t fill the gaps, industries say<\/p>\n On P.E.I., Killorn said local hiring remains a priority, but the scale of the province\u2019s food production far exceeds the available labour pool.<\/p>\n \u201cWe produce so much food on Prince Edward Island, it’s difficult to fathom how much,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n \u201cWe’re always interested in strategies that grow the local workforce. It is a key part of building a resilient agriculture industry on Prince Edward Island\u2026. But the fact is, with the amount of work that we’re doing in agriculture, we do require an alternate labour source from just Prince Edward Islanders.\u201d<\/p>\n It\u2019s not just farms.<\/p>\n P.E.I.\u2019s seafood processing sector has also depended on temporary foreign workers for more than 15 years, according to the Prince Edward Island Seafood Processors Association.<\/p>\n Today, those workers account for 35 to 40 per cent of the industry\u2019s labour force, which consists of more than 2,000 people on a seasonal basis, said executive director Bob Creed.<\/p>\n \u201cWithout our valued temporary foreign workers, there would be no seafood processing sector in P.E.I. in 2025,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n Creed added that aging demographics, shrinking rural populations and shifting career preferences have made it difficult to attract local workers.<\/p>\n \u201cNot everybody wants to do labour work. Not everybody goes to school to do labour work\u2026 and we respect that.\u201d<\/p>\n From a policy perspective, we should be doing what’s best for the country, not what’s best for companies.- Christopher Worswick, Carleton University<\/p>\n Worswick said a case can be made for the agricultural stream of the program, as many of those jobs are in remote rural areas, seasonal and hard to fill. But the program\u2019s expansion into other sectors has raised concerns.<\/p>\n He said the program broadened under the Stephen Harper government and continued after that, extending to other businesses struggling to find workers<\/a>, like restaurants.<\/p>\n That trend is evident on P.E.I. <\/p>\n A decade ago, about 65 people held work permits under the TFW program for jobs in retail and food services, making up roughly 15 per cent of all permit holders on the Island at the time, according to Statistics Canada<\/a>.<\/p>\n By the end of 2024, that number had climbed to around 535 workers, accounting for more than one-third of all TFW permit holders in the province. The biggest increases were in kitchen-related jobs like cooks, food counter attendants and kitchen helpers.<\/p>\n Wage impacts<\/p>\n Worswick said this growing reliance on temporary workers can have long-term consequences, including wage suppression.<\/p>\n He pointed to a hypothetical employer struggling to fill positions at a posted wage. Normally, they would face three options: advertise the job at higher wages, invest in technology to reduce their need for labour, or even shut down entirely.<\/p>\n The TFW program adds a fourth option: hire workers from lower-wage countries who are willing to work for the posted rate.<\/p>\n \u201cIt might actually lower wages over time if employers realize that the failed [local] search means that they can hire temporary foreign workers instead,\u201d Worswick said.<\/p>\n \u201cI think there’s reasons to think that firms are pursuing their own for-profit motive, which I have no problem with. I’m an economist. I’m not against profit motives. But from a policy perspective, we should be doing what’s best for the country, not what’s best for companies.\u201d<\/p>\n Worswick added that because temporary foreign workers are typically tied to a single employer through closed work permits, they are often less likely to complain about working conditions or leave their jobs for fear of being sent home or jeopardizing future opportunities for permanent residency.<\/p>\n LISTEN | Advocate wants to see more protection for temporary foreign workers:<\/p>\n Island Morning8:32Advocate wants to see more protection for temporary foreign workers<\/p>\n The province is set to implement better protections for temporary foreign workers on April 1, but advocates like Joe Byrne say the new act should have been proclaimed long ago. Byrne shares what he’s learned through working with the Cooper Institute.<\/p>\n But both Creed and Killorn noted many migrant workers return to P.E.I. year after year and maintain strong relationships with their employers. Many have gained permanent residency, while others are working toward it with employer support.<\/p>\n “There’s been very few instances on Prince Edward Island where we’ve seen any abuses of the system at all. And those instances… have been identified and investigated and charges have been brought against those that abuse the system<\/a>,” Killorn said.<\/p>\n ‘The people just aren’t there’<\/p>\n Worswick said some research suggests that when low-wage labour is readily available, companies may invest less in technology \u2014 even if those investments could lead to higher productivity, stronger economic growth and better-paid, higher-skilled jobs for workers.<\/p>\n But industry leaders on P.E.I. say that\u2019s not what\u2019s happening here.<\/p>\n Creed said seafood processors have made major investments in technology and automation, from machines used in mussel harvesting to modern lobster processing equipment.<\/p>\n \u201cWe are processing more volumes than we ever have in the past, most years with less people,” he said. <\/p>\n “We’re doing that because of the investments that have been made into our processing facilities.”<\/p>\n Still, he said, the need for labour remains.<\/p>\n \u201cThe people just aren’t there.\u201d<\/p>\n![\"Workers](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/1764441371_235_default.jpg\")
The seafood processing industry on P.E.I. relies so heavily on temporary foreign workers that it wouldn’t exist without them, says Bob Creed with the P.E.I. Seafood Processors Association. (Laura Meader\/CBC)<\/p>\n![\"Man](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/1764441371_729_default.jpg\")
Economics professor Christopher Worswick says the growing reliance on temporary foreign workers could slow wage growth and worsen income inequality in Canada. (Christopher Worswick\/LinkedIn)<\/p>\n![\"The](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/1764441373_17_default.jpg\")
Worswick says the temporary foreign worker program was originally designed mostly to address labour shortages in agriculture, but other sectors like restaurants have also grown reliant on it over time. (Shutterstock)<\/p>\n
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