{"id":32125,"date":"2025-07-29T15:41:08","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T15:41:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/32125\/"},"modified":"2025-07-29T15:41:08","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T15:41:08","slug":"ship-strikes-jeopardize-the-endangered-north-atlantic-right-whales-survival","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/32125\/","title":{"rendered":"Ship strikes jeopardize the endangered North Atlantic right whale\u2019s survival"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">This is the fourth story in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/canada\/science\/article-north-atlantic-right-whales-policy-timeline\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/canada\/science\/article-north-atlantic-right-whales-policy-timeline\/\">series<\/a> on Canada-U.S. cross-border measures to protect North Atlantic right whales. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">In the waters off the coast of New York and New Jersey, on a February morning with low-lying clouds and fresh snow, a North Atlantic right whale calf is spotted rolling over its mother\u2019s back, revealing distinctive propeller scars behind the adult female\u2019s blowholes. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">About 15 years ago, Accordion (<a href=\"https:\/\/rwcatalog.neaq.org\/#\/whales\/4150\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">#4150<\/a>) survived a vessel strike leading to her namesake wound that resembles the musical instrument. Now, during an aerial survey, researchers find her \u2013 and her one-month-old calf \u2013 in danger again.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">The first-time mother and her calf are skimming the water\u2019s surface near five container ships anchored in the Ambrose Channel, the most active of three shipping lanes in the Port of New York and New Jersey. It\u2019s the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.panynj.gov\/content\/dam\/port\/our-port\/PONYNJ_AtAGlance2024.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">largest container port<\/a> on the U.S.-Canada Eastern seaboard, and one of the busiest waterways in the world. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">The last time researchers spotted Accordion was in July, 2024, at the outermost limits of the New York Bight, about 160 kilometres southeast of New York in Hudson Canyon, the largest submarine valley off the U.S. East Coast. <\/p>\n<p>      Researchers spotted Accordion in July, 2024, about 160 kilometres southeast of New York City in Hudson Canyon. The canyon is located near a busy shipping corridor used by large container ships as they approach, then are piloted into the Port of New York and New Jersey. <\/p>\n<p>          MURAT Y\u00dcKSELIR \/ THE GLOBE AND MAIL, SOURCE: NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION; NEW ENGLAND AQUARIUM; MARINETRAFFIC; OPENSTREETMAP; Lauren Owens Lambert\/The Globe and Mail<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">That sighting was part of a habitat shift observed last year between May and August when 40 per cent of the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale population was recorded foraging there, also near New York-New Jersey shipping corridors. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Vessel strikes are a leading cause of serious injury and death for the species. As <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/canada\/science\/article-north-atlantic-right-whales-habitat-and-feeding-grounds\/#comments\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">climate change alters the distribution of food sources<\/a>, right whales are foraging in areas that current protections \u2013 including altering or restricting vessel routes and establishing voluntary or mandatory speed restrictions \u2013 do not adequately cover. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">If safeguards do not meet North Atlantic right whales where they are, the risk of vessel strikes will increase, further threatening this already imperilled species.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Rerouting vessels is impractical in the busy New York-New Jersey shipping lanes where Accordion and her calf were spotted. Meanwhile, vessel slowdown measures in areas that are outside of known seasonal habitats and existing U.S. protection measures \u2013 such as Hudson Canyon \u2013 are only implemented when whales are sighted. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Even then, these dynamic measures are voluntary south of the border and have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmars.2021.649890\/full\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">lower co-operation<\/a> compared with <a href=\"https:\/\/media.fisheries.noaa.gov\/2021-01\/FINAL_NARW_Vessel_Speed_Rule_Report_Jun_2020.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">mandatory measures<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a style=\"display:block\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/resizer\/v2\/L7DE7YB63JE4FLIMGHQKTIV4RM.jpg?auth=7c9c8e3467cec00a73c5e394102dd4e69f235d2f69496983aefee06fd175d45a&amp;width=600&amp;height=400&amp;quality=80&amp;smart=true\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-photo-viewer-index=\"0\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Open this photo in gallery:<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"figcap-text\">Large container ships navigate through New York Harbour in April, 2025. All large whale species \u2013 blue, fin, sei, sperm, humpback and North Atlantic right whales \u2013 occur with some regularity in New York waters. Except for humpbacks, all are federally listed as endangered.Lauren Owens Lambert\/The Globe and Mail<\/p>\n<p>      Over a three-day span in May and June, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) observed 45 right whales in Hudson Canyon. By late August, with 16 aerial surveys completed, that number had tripled to 156 right whales, accounting for more than 40 per cent of the population, including Accordion.<\/p>\n<p>          MURAT Y\u00dcKSELIR \/ THE GLOBE AND MAIL, SOURCE: NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION; NEW ENGLAND AQUARIUM; MARINETRAFFIC; OPENSTREETMAP<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cWe need to go further, expanding protected areas in space and time, so it is better aligned with right whale habitat, and so that we can take up these shifts in areas where oceanographic conditions have favourable feeding like Hudson Canyon,\u201d says Jessica Redfern, the associate vice-president of ocean conservation science at the New England Aquarium\u2019s (NEAq) Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life in Boston.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cMandatory dynamic speed zones would help to buffer against climate-driven changes in North Atlantic right whale habitat,\u201d she adds. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Canada provides a compelling example of responding to changing right whale habitats. Ten years ago, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/canada\/science\/article-north-atlantic-right-whales-habitat-and-feeding-grounds\/#comments\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">climate-driven shift<\/a> in the whales\u2019 foraging area put them in the direct path of shipping lanes in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where vessel-strike protections were not yet in place.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">After <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/s3\/2025-04\/North-Atlantic-Right-Whale-Causes-of-Death-for-Confirmed-Carcasses-SI-Morbidity-and-Multiple-Injury-Tables-Combined_11April2025.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">four right whales died<\/a> from probable vessel strikes in the area in June and July, 2017, Transport Canada <a href=\"https:\/\/tc.canada.ca\/en\/marine-transportation\/navigation-marine-conditions\/protecting-north-atlantic-right-whales-collisions-vessels-gulf-st-lawrence\/transport-canada-actions-taken-date-protect-north-atlantic-right-whales\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">implemented voluntary, then mandatory, speed restrictions<\/a> that same year in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and, in 2018, introduced mandatory dynamic shipping zones. (Unlike in the U.S., dynamic measures are often mandatory.) <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">In 2019, when another <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/s3\/2025-04\/North-Atlantic-Right-Whale-Causes-of-Death-for-Confirmed-Carcasses-SI-Morbidity-and-Multiple-Injury-Tables-Combined_11April2025.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">four died<\/a> of the same cause in the waterway, the federal agency further <a href=\"https:\/\/tc.canada.ca\/en\/marine-transportation\/navigation-marine-conditions\/protecting-north-atlantic-right-whales-collisions-vessels-gulf-st-lawrence\/transport-canada-actions-taken-date-protect-north-atlantic-right-whales\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">enhanced<\/a> its vessel-strike reduction measures \u2013 enforcing mandatory slowdowns, extending the areas covered by speed restrictions and enhancing surveillance. Now, Transport Canada continues to adapt its measures every year.<\/p>\n<p><a style=\"display:block\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/resizer\/v2\/C5YCGVNRMJFGNGCJFDQ56WWZ7E.jpg?auth=3ce9fa656f73e4fbe35ff6fb968c860637d9fd5c9943bb0a3d15945ef090d531&amp;width=600&amp;height=400&amp;quality=80&amp;smart=true\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-photo-viewer-index=\"1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Open this photo in gallery:<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"figcap-text\">Researchers perform a necropsy on a dead North Atlantic right whale in Cape Breton, in June, 2019. The whale, known as &#8216;Punctuation&#8217; (#1281), was a large female who scientists had been tracking since she was first spotted in 1981. Findings of the necropsy revealed the whale&#8217;s fatal injuries were due to &#8216;sharp trauma,&#8217; consistent with a vessel strike.Nick Hawkins\/The Globe and Mail<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">While many vessel-strike deaths and injuries <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84886-z\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">go unseen or unreported<\/a> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84886-z#ref-CR11\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">two-thirds go unobserved<\/a> \u2013 Canada has seen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/s3\/2025-04\/North-Atlantic-Right-Whale-Causes-of-Death-for-Confirmed-Carcasses-SI-Morbidity-and-Multiple-Injury-Tables-Combined_11April2025.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">no right whale vessel-strike-related deaths<\/a> since implementing its enhanced measures. (Although the first right whale fatality detected in Canadian waters since 2019 was reported in May, 2024, the cause of death remains unknown.) In contrast, the U.S. has seen continued vessel-strike deaths, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/s3\/2025-04\/North-Atlantic-Right-Whale-Causes-of-Death-for-Confirmed-Carcasses-SI-Morbidity-and-Multiple-Injury-Tables-Combined_11April2025.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">three probable cases last year and one in 2023<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Although there have been no right whale vessel-strike deaths attributed to Hudson Canyon to date and only one to New York waters, in 2020, many factors make detecting these fatalities challenging.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cIn the New York Bight, both live and dead right whales have been observed with anthropogenic-induced injuries. However, it is often difficult to determine exactly where and when these incidents occur due to factors like gaps in sighting histories, whale movement and challenges in identifying the source of injury,\u201d says Andrea Gomez, a spokesperson with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries\u2019 Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Other endangered cetaceans that are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/species\/sei-whale\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/species\/sei-whale\">facing the same threats as right whales<\/a> have been found dead in the area. In May, 2024, a cruise ship arrived at a New York port with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/amseasorg\/posts\/yesterday-our-team-was-able-to-conduct-a-necropsy-on-the-whale-that-was-reported\/864802892352965\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/amseasorg\/posts\/yesterday-our-team-was-able-to-conduct-a-necropsy-on-the-whale-that-was-reported\/864802892352965\/\">dead sei whale<\/a> draped on its bow, highlighting the risk of vessel strikes for large whales. <\/p>\n<p><a style=\"display:block\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/resizer\/v2\/LHAMZF7S4RAEPNDS6BCDG73PYA.jpg?auth=453343682e33543e0304f0868fc8454437380d0dce5cb818d7381abf2e430994&amp;width=600&amp;height=400&amp;quality=80&amp;smart=true\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-photo-viewer-index=\"2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Open this photo in gallery:<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"figcap-text\">A North Atlantic right whale known as &#8216;Lemur&#8217; (#3380) suffered severe damage to its tail from a ship strike in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.Nick Hawkins\/The Globe and Mail<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Meanwhile, Hudson Canyon is under consideration for a <a href=\"https:\/\/sanctuaries.noaa.gov\/hudson-canyon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">National Marine Sanctuary designation<\/a>\u201a proposed by the Biden administration in 2022 because of its rich biodiversity.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cHowever, it does not mean that the biggest threats to whales (shipping and fishing) will no longer occur in the area,\u201d says Samantha Rosen, a spokesperson for the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation\u2019s Division of Marine Resources. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">She pointed to Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, east of Boston, as an example. Known for its seasonal influx of large whales, including right whales, Stellwagen Bank is still home to commercial and recreational shipping and fishing. <\/p>\n<p><a style=\"display:block\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/resizer\/v2\/K2FRLBPU7RAMPMLHNWRIKXIRMY.JPG?auth=ad0e36f3fdd13041d7e598984cefbb289f6cfd41348d0794939d2c559e291a3f&amp;width=600&amp;height=400&amp;quality=80&amp;smart=true\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-photo-viewer-index=\"3\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Open this photo in gallery:<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"figcap-text\">Accordion swims near the surface of the sea, in what researchers refer to as the &#8216;strike zone.&#8217;<br \/>\nAccordion was among 156 endangered whales  researchers spotted last summer in Hudson Canyon. Voluntary vessel slowdowns to protect the whales in this area are only cued when the whales are detected.TIM COLE (NOAA PERMIT 27066)<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">North Atlantic right whales spend a lot of time at or close to the surface of the sea, in what researchers refer to as the \u201cstrike zone.\u201d Mothers and calves face even greater risks because they frequently rest there. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/224634672_The_Acoustics_of_Vessel_Collisions_with_Marine_Mammals\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Research<\/a> also shows that the whales are unlikely to evade approaching vessels owing to the way ship sounds propagate in the water, creating an acoustic shadow ahead of the vessel.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">From 1980 to 2024, researchers recorded <a href=\"http:\/\/right-whale-ui.srv.axds.co\/public-charts\/vessel-strike\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">122 right whale vessel-strike injuries<\/a> in U.S. and Canadian waters, including those that were fatal, be it from propeller cuts, gashes or blunt trauma. But these figures are likely an underestimate. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">A modelling <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84886-z\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">study<\/a> published this year in the scientific journal Nature found that the commonly cited average rate of right whale deaths or serious injuries from vessel strikes \u2013 2.4 per year \u2013 is likely a minimum estimate. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Larger vessels pose the greatest risk, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-84886-z\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">study<\/a> found, with small to medium vessels (26 to 65 feet, or eight to 20 metres) averaging 2.05 deaths per year, large vessels (65 to 350 ft, or 20 to 107 m) averaging 2.47, and oceangoing vessels (more than 350 ft or 107 m) averaging 15.96. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Even if a whale survives a vessel strike, it can still suffer critical injuries, says Philip Hamilton, a senior scientist at NEAq\u2019s Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">One example is Lucky (<a href=\"https:\/\/rwcatalog.neaq.org\/#\/whales\/2143\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">#2143<\/a>), a female right whale named for her survival into adulthood despite sustaining deep propeller wounds as a calf. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cHer wound wasn\u2019t really a concern for us because she had thrived throughout her life,\u201d Mr. Hamilton says. However, at 14 years old, researchers found Lucky dead, pregnant with her first calf, off of Florida. An investigation into their deaths revealed that the deep propeller scars from the mother\u2019s early vessel strike had reopened during her first full-term pregnancy, leading to sepsis.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Given the <a href=\"https:\/\/conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/csp2.346\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">cryptic<\/a> nature of right whale deaths and injuries, determining the effectiveness of vessel-strike reduction measures is a challenge. For example, NOAA found that the<a href=\"https:\/\/media.fisheries.noaa.gov\/2021-01\/FINAL_NARW_Vessel_Speed_Rule_Report_Jun_2020.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"> vessel-strike mortality rate of right whales decreased<\/a> from 10 deaths in the decade prior to implementation of its 2008 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/national\/endangered-species-conservation\/reducing-vessel-strikes-north-atlantic-right-whales#current-vessel-speed-restrictions\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">vessel speed rule<\/a> to four deaths in the decade afterward. However, researchers observed an increase in the number of injuries during the latter period, potentially influenced by increased awareness and reporting.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Among the ways to reduce vessel-strike risk are rerouting or restricting vessel traffic and slowing vessels down.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">The goal of measures that change vessel routes, such as shifting the location or configuration of shipping lanes or establishing areas to be avoided, is to reduce the co-occurrence of whales and vessels.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Both Canada and the U.S. have restricted and rerouted vessel traffic to reduce overlap with right whale habitats. Most notably, Canada rerouted Bay of Fundy shipping lanes in 2003, and implemented an area to be avoided in nearby Roseway Basin in 2008. The U.S. shifted Boston harbour shipping lanes in 2006, and implemented a no-go zone in the Great South Channel east of Cape Cod, Mass., in 2009. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cThese areas were targeted for vessel-strike reduction measures because they were well-known seasonal feeding and aggregation areas for right whales over three decades and vessel-strike mortalities had occurred. Management efforts were focused on known habitat areas,\u201d says Moira Brown, the director of science at the Canadian Whale Institute. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cWe understood right whales were still running the gauntlet between the protected areas, but, at the time, surveillance was insufficient outside of critical habitat areas to inform dynamic measures.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">However, changing or restricting vessel traffic is tedious. It requires extensive analysis (of whale distribution and movements, vessel traffic patterns and navigational hazards) as well as consultation (domestically and internationally, with the International Maritime Organization) before new shipping routes are incorporated into navigational charts and advisories for foreign and domestic vessels.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">As a result, slowing vessels down is often the more straightforward and immediate solution \u2013 the goal of which is to reduce the risk of lethal vessel strikes. Studies have found that a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0006320723005281\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">10-knot speed limit is the most effective<\/a> in reducing risk of vessel-strike mortality and serious injury of large whales. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Seasonal measures in Canada and the U.S. slow vessels to 10 knots in known right whale habitats, while dynamic protections are put in place for 15 days following a confirmed right whale presence.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">But while Transport Canada <a href=\"https:\/\/tc.canada.ca\/en\/marine-transportation\/navigation-marine-conditions\/protecting-north-atlantic-right-whales-collisions-vessels-gulf-st-lawrence\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">adapts its vessel-strike prevention measures each year<\/a>, the U.S. remains at a standstill after <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/national\/endangered-species-conservation\/reducing-vessel-strikes-north-atlantic-right-whales#proposed-modifications-to-right-whale-speed-rule\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">withdrawing<\/a> its proposal to amend its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/national\/endangered-species-conservation\/reducing-vessel-strikes-north-atlantic-right-whales#current-vessel-speed-restrictions\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">vessel speed rule<\/a> in January in response to considerable pushback from mariners and lawmakers. <\/p>\n<p>      In an impact assessment study undertaken in 2020, NOAA estimated that the annual economic cost of complying with vessel-strike reduction measures would be US$28.3- to US$39.4-million, with the majority of the cost borne by the container ship sector.<\/p>\n<p>          Lauren Owens Lambert\/The Globe and Mail<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">The proposal called for expanding mandatory <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/national\/endangered-species-conservation\/reducing-vessel-strikes-north-atlantic-right-whales#seasonal-management-areas---mid-atlantic\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">seasonal<\/a> 10-knot speed limits over a longer period, across a larger geography and for more types of vessels (those 35 to 65 feet or 11 to 20 m in length, since the rule currently mandates slowdowns for vessels 65 ft \/ 20 m or greater). Most of NOAA\u2019s seasonal measures are in areas around major ports \u2013 for example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/national\/endangered-species-conservation\/reducing-vessel-strikes-north-atlantic-right-whales#current-vessel-speed-restrictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">within a 20-nautical-mile radius of the ports of New York and New Jersey<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Vessel-strike reduction measures come with considerable costs. In <a href=\"https:\/\/media.fisheries.noaa.gov\/2021-01\/FINAL_NARW_Vessel_Speed_Rule_Report_Jun_2020.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NOAA\u2019s vessel speed rule assessment in 2020<\/a>, the agency undertook an economic impact assessment to evaluate the cost of compliance. \u201cThe yearly cost to industry is estimated to be US$28.3- to US$39.4-million annually, with the majority of the cost (58 to 70 per cent) borne by the container ship sector,\u201d it wrote. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">By comparison, a report commissioned by Transport Canada and set to be released this fall estimates that the additional transportation costs resulting from vessel slowdowns in active speed restriction zones amounted to about US$14.6-million between 2017 and 2023. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">When Canada launched slowdown measures in 2017, those, too, only applied to vessels 65 ft (20 m) or greater. But recognizing that fast-moving smaller vessels also harm whales, Transport Canada amended its requirements in 2019 to include vessels of 43 ft (13 m) or more. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Any mandatory measure is only as effective as compliance, Dr. Redfern says. But unlike the success of dynamic measures, which in the U.S. depends completely on voluntary co-operation from the industry, compliance can be improved through enforcement, she adds. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tc.canada.ca\/en\/marine-transportation\/navigation-marine-conditions\/protecting-north-atlantic-right-whales-collisions-vessels-gulf-st-lawrence\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Transport Canada<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fisheries.noaa.gov\/endangered-species-conservation\/north-atlantic-right-whale-speed-zone-dashboard#speed-rule-enforcement\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NOAA<\/a> monitor and enforce speed restrictions, issuing fines and warnings. Canada additionally makes <a href=\"https:\/\/tc.canada.ca\/en\/marine-transportation\/navigation-marine-conditions\/protecting-north-atlantic-right-whales-collisions-vessels-gulf-st-lawrence\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">public<\/a> its compliance figures. For example, as of July 11, of the 4,324 vessels monitored in speed restriction zones in Canadian waters this year, Transport Canada recorded 92 vessels speeding above speed limits or entering restricted areas. All but 13 of those cases, which are pending or under review, are closed with no penalties. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Outside of seasonally protected areas, dynamic speed reduction measures can help protect right whales where they are. But the protections only work if the whales are detected, says Sean Brillant, senior conservation biologist at the Canadian Wildlife Federation in Halifax.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cNorth Atlantic right whales continue to surprise us with where they go. And our surveillance limitations and assets mean we can\u2019t look everywhere all at once,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p><a style=\"display:block\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/resizer\/v2\/U63SRBP42RAGFG6OMHHQLUZVDE.jpg?auth=2444057309e67d6458e8fb69e3930073701ca4bdf3ca582ec476c62f927b8cae&amp;width=600&amp;height=400&amp;quality=80&amp;smart=true\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" data-photo-viewer-index=\"4\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Open this photo in gallery:<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"figcap-text\">Chris St. Lawrence was the first to spot North Atlantic right whales in Hudson Canyon off New York last May. He is the communications and outreach director for Gotham Whale, a volunteer-run marine research and conservation nonprofit.Lauren Owens Lambert\/The Globe and Mail<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Chris St. Lawrence, a New York-based student who films wild encounters in urban places, remembers his first North Atlantic right whale sighting in May, 2024. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cWe sat there listening. It\u2019s almost not real. You hear these massive animals breathing in the distance,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">In rhythmic cadence, each exhale breaking the silence of the still Atlantic Ocean, 160 kilometres offshore with the motor off in the fog, the young naturalist was with a research team hoping to track sperm whales. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">To get a closer look, he pulled out his long-lens camera.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">That\u2019s when he spotted the characteristic callosities \u2013 the rough patches of skin on right whales\u2019 heads, each like a unique fingerprint. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">His role as the communications and outreach director at <a href=\"https:\/\/gothamwhale.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gotham Whale<\/a>, a volunteer-run marine research and conservation non-profit organization in New York, helped him determine what to do next.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Gotham Whale notified NOAA that they had seen at least five right whales in Hudson Canyon. The call, paired with confirmed sightings of a dozen or more in the mid-Atlantic off Virginia and Maryland, prompted the federal agency to deploy its aerial survey team. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Over a three-day span, NOAA observed 45 right whales \u2013 about 12 per cent of the population, estimated at 372 \u2013 in Hudson Canyon. By late August, with 16 aerial surveys completed, that number had tripled to 156 right whales, accounting for more than 40 per cent of the population, including Accordion.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">While researchers have documented pairs or individual right whales off New York and New Jersey since 2010, this marked the first time NOAA saw the whales in such high numbers. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cThere hasn\u2019t been consistent survey effort in that region, so it is challenging to say whether there have been similar aggregations in the past,\u201d Ms. Gomez says.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">That\u2019s why public reports of whale sightings are especially important, Mr. St. Lawrence says, which is Gotham Whale\u2019s main goal.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cCitizen science efforts help aggregate sightings to understand the story of these animals and the threats they face,\u201d he says. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Visual sightings \u2013 commonly from aerial surveys but also from vessel or, in some rare cases, from shore \u2013 are what typically lead to North Atlantic right whale detections. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">In the U.S., in addition to NOAA, state governments and non-profit partners operate aerial surveys. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation is partway through another three years of aerial surveys to monitor right whale presence in the New York\/New Jersey Bight and far offshore in the summer. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cThe total funding and survey effort is significantly less than what is needed to adequately monitor large whales in the Bight. We are limited to conducting aerial surveys in May, July and September this year,\u201d says Ms. Rosen, with New York State.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Both Canada and the U.S., as well as state governments, also rely on acoustic devices such as monitoring buoys and underwater vehicles or \u201cgliders\u201d to detect right whale presence by identifying their unique vocalizations. Massachusetts is the latest to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/news\/massachusetts-launches-innovative-passive-acoustic-monitoring-program-for-north-atlantic-right-whales\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">announce<\/a> such a program, while New York and New Jersey operate their own with buoys and recently deployed gliders.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Many of these listening devices are tracked publicly in near-real time. As of July, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whoi.edu\/?_gl=1*u9zcgq*_gcl_au*MTE0NDIwLjE3NTE0NzM3NjM.*_ga*MTQyNDQwNTQyOC4xNzUxNDczNzY0*_ga_HLKFZX9JZK*czE3NTE2Mjc3MjAkbzIkZzAkdDE3NTE2Mjc3MjAkajYwJGwwJGgw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution<\/a>\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/robots4whales.whoi.edu\/recent-detections\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" title=\"https:\/\/robots4whales.whoi.edu\/recent-detections\/\" target=\"_blank\">Robots4Whales<\/a> program is following detections for 13 acoustic buoys and six gliders deployed between Savannah, Ga., in the southern part of the right whales\u2019 range to the Laurentian Channel in the northern range. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">In the same way, countries are testing the use of technologies, such as thermal-imaging cameras mounted on vessels and at land stations, to reduce strikes in real time. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">These innovative technologies are detecting the whales, but more work is required to determine whether they can replace, rather than supplement, speed reductions, Dr. Redfern says.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cRight whales must survive long enough to benefit from these new approaches,\u201d Dr. Redfern says.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Meanwhile, in areas that aren\u2019t covered by seasonal or dynamic measures, Ms. Brown notes that it\u2019s not about replacing tools but adding another to the detection box. <\/p>\n<p>      Frank DeSantis, Captain of American Princess Cruises, New York\u2019s first whale-watching and dolphin adventure cruise, says mariners remain on the lookout for the critically endangered right whales in the absence of adequate protections. <\/p>\n<p>          Lauren Owens Lambert\/The Globe and Mail<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Sharing real-time communication and information is critical to keeping whales, and mariners, safe. When the NOAA survey team spotted Accordion with her calf in February, they did just that. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cWe reached out to our colleagues at the U.S. Coast Guard to issue a broadcast notice to mariners in the area to slow down. As we continued south on our survey line, we hoped Accordion and her calf would safely move on from the area,\u201d says Alison Ogilvie, a marine mammal observer with NOAA\u2019s Northeast Large Whale Aerial Survey team.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">By mid-April, the Center for Coastal Studies had spotted Accordion and her calf safely foraging in the seasonally protected waters of Cape Cod Bay, away from vessel traffic. However, researchers remain uncertain about their next destination. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cThe place I would expect to see her and her calf, most likely, would be offshore of New England,\u201d Mr. Hamilton says.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Considering Accordion\u2019s sighting history, it could mean the pair will return to Hudson Canyon this summer. But while NOAA has observed right whales there again this year, the numbers have not returned to 2024 levels.<\/p>\n<p>              Accordion and her calf are spotted on Feb. 3, 2025, in New York-New Jersey shipping corridors.<\/p>\n<p>                   MURAT Y\u00dcKSELIR \/ THE GLOBE AND MAIL, SOURCE: NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION; MARINETRAFFIC; OPENSTREETMAP<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">Even so, Captain Frank DeSantis of American Princess Cruises, New York\u2019s first whale-watching and dolphin adventure cruise, which works with Gotham Whale, says mariners remain on the lookout for the critically endangered right whales in the absence of adequate protections. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cWe know most of the folks on boats, whether they\u2019re fishing commercially or recreationally, so we\u2019re on a radio, talking to each other. We can let everyone know \u2013 including vessel traffic, so that loops in the commercial ships in the area \u2013 when we see a whale, if it\u2019s close to a shipping area or shipping lanes,\u201d he says, speaking from the wheelhouse of a cruise boat anchored in Brooklyn. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">\u201cWe have to be able to co-exist as humans, shipping and whales,\u201d Mr. DeSantis says. \u201cWith the goal being not to harm whales, because I don\u2019t think anybody\u2019s out there intentionally looking to do that.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-body__text text-pr-5\">This story is part of a series produced in partnership with the Pulitzer Center\u2019s Ocean Reporting Network.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"This is the fourth story in a series on Canada-U.S. cross-border measures to protect North Atlantic right whales.&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":32126,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[1397,49,48,295,66,5756,2785],"class_list":["post-32125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-environment","tag-appwebview","tag-ca","tag-canada","tag-environment","tag-science","tag-yesapplenews","tag-yessnap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32125","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32125"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32125\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32126"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}