{"id":454560,"date":"2026-02-05T02:24:09","date_gmt":"2026-02-05T02:24:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/454560\/"},"modified":"2026-02-05T02:24:09","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T02:24:09","slug":"imaging-a-terahertz-superfluid-plasmon-in-a-two-dimensional-superconductor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/454560\/","title":{"rendered":"Imaging a terahertz superfluid plasmon in a two-dimensional superconductor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Shimano, R. & Tsuji, N. Higgs mode in superconductors. Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 11, 103\u2013124 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Tinkham, M. Introduction to Superconductivity (Dover Publications, 1996).<\/p>\n

Bardeen, J., Cooper, L. N. & Schrieffer, J. R. Theory of superconductivity. Phys. Rev. 108, 1175\u20131204 (1957).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n MathSciNet<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Lee, P. A., Nagaosa, N. & Wen, X.-G. Doping a Mott insulator: physics of high-temperature superconductivity. Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 17\u201385 (2006).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Orenstein, J. & Millis, A. J. Advances in the physics of high-temperature superconductivity. Science 288, 468\u2013474 (2000).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Basov, D. N. & Timusk, T. Electrodynamics of high-Tc superconductors. Rev. Mod. Phys. 77, 721\u2013779 (2005).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Tachiki, M., Koyama, T. & Takahashi, S. Electromagnetic phenomena related to a low-frequency plasma in cuprate superconductors. Phys. Rev. B 50, 7065\u20137084 (1994).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Tamasaku, K., Nakamura, Y. & Uchida, S. Charge dynamics across the CuO2 planes in La2\u2212xSrxCuO4. Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1455\u20131458 (1992).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Kadowaki, K. et al. Longitudinal Josephson-plasma excitation in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+\u03b4: direct observation of the Nambu-Goldstone mode in a superconductor. Phys. Rev. B 56, 5617\u20135621 (1997).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Corson, J., Orenstein, J., Oh, S., O\u2019Donnell, J. & Eckstein, J. N. Nodal quasiparticle lifetime in the superconducting state of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+\u03b4. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2569\u20132572 (2000).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Higgs, P. W. Broken symmetries, massless particles and gauge fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 132\u2013133 (1964).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Nambu, Y. Energy gap, mass gap, and spontaneous symmetry breaking. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 25, 4141\u20134148 (2010).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Pekker, D. & Varma, C. M. Amplitude\/Higgs modes in condensed matter physics. Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 6, 269\u2013297 (2015).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Volkov, A. F. & Kogan, S. M. Collisionless relaxation of the energy gap in superconductors. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 65, 2038\u20132046 (1973).<\/p>\n


\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Matsunaga, R. et al. Higgs amplitude mode in the BCS superconductors Nb1\u2212xTixN induced by terahertz pulse excitation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 057002 (2013).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Katsumi, K. et al. Higgs mode in the d-wave superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x driven by an intense terahertz pulse. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 117001 (2018).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Nambu, Y. Quasi-particles and gauge invariance in the theory of superconductivity. Phys. Rev. 117, 648\u2013663 (1960).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n MathSciNet<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Anderson, P. W. Plasmons, gauge invariance, and mass. Phys. Rev. 130, 439\u2013442 (1963).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n MathSciNet<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Higgs, P. W. Broken symmetries and the masses of gauge bosons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 508\u2013509 (1964).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n MathSciNet<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Fertig, H. A. & Das Sarma, S. Collective modes in layered superconductors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1482\u20131485 (1990).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Economou, E. N. Surface plasmons in thin films. Phys. Rev. 182, 539\u2013554 (1969).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Sun, Z., Fogler, M. M., Basov, D. N. & Millis, A. J. Collective modes and terahertz near-field response of superconductors. Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 023413 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Richards, D., Zayats, A., Keilmann, F. & Hillenbrand, R. Near-field microscopy by elastic light scattering from a tip. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 362, 787\u2013805 (2004).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Chen, J. et al. Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmons. Nature 487, 77\u201381 (2012).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Fei, Z. et al. Gate-tuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nano-imaging. Nature 487, 82\u201385 (2012).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Leitenstorfer, A. et al. The 2023 terahertz science and technology roadmap. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 56, 223001 (2023).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Dunmore, F. J. et al. Observation of below-gap plasmon excitations in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 films. Phys. Rev. B 52, R731\u2013R734 (1995).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Stiewe, F.-F. et al. Spintronic emitters for super-resolution in THz-spectral imaging. Appl. Phys. Lett. 120, 032406 (2022).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Handa, T. et al. Terahertz emission from giant optical rectification in a van der Waals material. Nat. Mater. 24, 1203\u20131208 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Blanchard, F. et al. Real-time terahertz near-field microscope. Opt. Express 19, 8277\u20138284 (2011).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Chen, S.-C. et al. Ghost spintronic THz-emitter-array microscope. Light Sci. Appl. 9, 99 (2020).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Yu, Y. et al. High-temperature superconductivity in monolayer Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+\u03b4. Nature 575, 156\u2013163 (2019).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Mitra, S., Avazpour, L. & Knezevic, I. Terahertz conductivity of two-dimensional materials: a review. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 37, 133005 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Seifert, T. et al. Efficient metallic spintronic emitters of ultrabroadband terahertz radiation. Nat. Photonics 10, 483\u2013488 (2016).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Born, M. & Wolf, E. Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999).<\/p>\n

Michael, M. H. et al. Resolving self-cavity effects in two-dimensional quantum materials. Preprint at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2505.12799<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n

Dressel, M. & Gr\u00fcner, G. Electrodynamics of Solids: Optical Properties of Electrons in Matter (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002).<\/p>\n

Kaindl, R. A., Carnahan, M. A., Chemla, D. S., Oh, S. & Eckstein, J. N. Dynamics of Cooper pair formation in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+\u03b4. Phys. Rev. B 72, 060510 (2005).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Cocker, T. L. et al. Microscopic origin of the Drude-Smith model. Phys. Rev. B 96, 205439 (2017).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Molegraaf, H. J. A., Presura, C., van der Marel, D., Kes, P. H. & Li, M. Superconductivity-induced transfer of in-plane spectral weight in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+\u03b4. Science 295, 2239\u20132241 (2002).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Jacobs, T., Sridhar, S., Li, Q., Gu, G. D. & Koshizuka, N. In-plane and c-axis microwave penetration depth of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+\u03b4 crystals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4516\u20134519 (1995).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Corson, J., Mallozzi, R., Orenstein, J., Eckstein, J. N. & Bozovic, I. Vanishing of phase coherence in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+\u03b4. Nature 398, 221\u2013223 (1999).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Kosterlitz, J. M. & Thouless, D. J. Ordering, metastability and phase transitions in two-dimensional systems. J. Phys. C Solid State Phys. 6, 1181 (1973).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Minnhagen, P. The two-dimensional Coulomb gas, vortex unbinding, and superfluid-superconducting films. Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 1001\u20131066 (1987).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Lee, W. S. et al. Abrupt onset of a second energy gap at the superconducting transition of underdoped Bi2212. Nature 450, 81\u201384 (2007).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Pearl, J. Current distribution in superconducting films carrying quantized fluxoids. Appl. Phys. Lett. 5, 65\u201366 (1964).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Brandt, E. H. Vortex-vortex interaction in thin superconducting films. Phys. Rev. B 79, 134526 (2009).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Banerjee, A. et al. Superfluid stiffness of twisted trilayer graphene superconductors. Nature 638, 93\u201398 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n

Tanaka, M. et al. Superfluid stiffness of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene. Nature 638, 99\u2013105 (2025).<\/p>\n

Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n CAS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Shimano, R. & Tsuji, N. Higgs mode in superconductors. Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 11, 103\u2013124 (2020). Article\u00a0…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":454561,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[49,48,1099,1100,314,66,50787,3884,48698],"class_list":{"0":"post-454560","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-physics","8":"tag-ca","9":"tag-canada","10":"tag-humanities-and-social-sciences","11":"tag-multidisciplinary","12":"tag-physics","13":"tag-science","14":"tag-super-resolution-microscopy","15":"tag-superconducting-properties-and-materials","16":"tag-terahertz-optics"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/454560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=454560"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/454560\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/454561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=454560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=454560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=454560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}