{"id":484408,"date":"2026-02-19T03:20:09","date_gmt":"2026-02-19T03:20:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/484408\/"},"modified":"2026-02-19T03:20:09","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T03:20:09","slug":"the-natural-architecture-of-oyster-reefs-maximizes-recruit-survival","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/484408\/","title":{"rendered":"The natural architecture of oyster reefs maximizes recruit survival"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Huston, M. A general hypothesis of species diversity. Am. Nat. 113, 81\u2013101 (1979).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/283366\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/283366\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F283366\" aria-label=\"Article reference 1\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/283366\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"mathscinet reference\" data-track-action=\"mathscinet reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ams.org\/mathscinet-getitem?mr=596832\" aria-label=\"MathSciNet reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">MathSciNet<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20general%20hypothesis%20of%20species%20diversity&amp;journal=Am.%20Nat.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F283366&amp;volume=113&amp;pages=81-101&amp;publication_year=1979&amp;author=Huston%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Kovalenko, K. E., Thomaz, S. M. &amp; Warfe, D. M. Habitat complexity: approaches and future directions. Hydrobiologia 685, 1\u201317 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s10750-011-0974-z\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s10750-011-0974-z\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s10750-011-0974-z\" aria-label=\"Article reference 2\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s10750-011-0974-z\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2012HyBio.685....1K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 2\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Habitat%20complexity%3A%20approaches%20and%20future%20directions&amp;journal=Hydrobiologia&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs10750-011-0974-z&amp;volume=685&amp;pages=1-17&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Kovalenko%2CKE&amp;author=Thomaz%2CSM&amp;author=Warfe%2CDM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Jones, C. G., Lawton, J. H. &amp; Shachak, M. in Ecosystem Management: Selected Readings 130\u2013147 (Springer, 1994).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Hastings, A. et al. Ecosystem engineering in space and time. Ecol. Lett. 10, 153\u2013164 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2006.00997.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2006.00997.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1461-0248.2006.00997.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2006.00997.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=17257103\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ecosystem%20engineering%20in%20space%20and%20time&amp;journal=Ecol.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1461-0248.2006.00997.x&amp;volume=10&amp;pages=153-164&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Hastings%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Boogert, N. J., Paterson, D. M. &amp; Laland, K. N. The implications of niche construction and ecosystem engineering for conservation biology. Bioscience 56, 570\u2013578 (2006).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1641\/0006-3568(2006)56[570:TIONCA]2.0.CO;2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1641\/0006-3568(2006)56[570:TIONCA]2.0.CO;2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1641%2F0006-3568%282006%2956%5B570%3ATIONCA%5D2.0.CO%3B2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1641\/0006-3568(2006)56[570:TIONCA]2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20implications%20of%20niche%20construction%20and%20ecosystem%20engineering%20for%20conservation%20biology&amp;journal=Bioscience&amp;doi=10.1641%2F0006-3568%282006%2956%5B570%3ATIONCA%5D2.0.CO%3B2&amp;volume=56&amp;pages=570-578&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Boogert%2CNJ&amp;author=Paterson%2CDM&amp;author=Laland%2CKN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">LaRue, E. A. et al. A theoretical framework for the ecological role of three-dimensional structural diversity. Front. Ecol. Environ. 21, 4\u201313 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/fee.2587\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/fee.2587\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Ffee.2587\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/fee.2587\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20theoretical%20framework%20for%20the%20ecological%20role%20of%20three-dimensional%20structural%20diversity&amp;journal=Front.%20Ecol.%20Environ.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Ffee.2587&amp;volume=21&amp;pages=4-13&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=LaRue%2CEA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Torres-Pulliza, D. et al. A geometric basis for surface habitat complexity and biodiversity. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 4, 1495\u20131501 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41559-020-1281-8\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41559-020-1281-8\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41559-020-1281-8\" aria-label=\"Article reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41559-020-1281-8\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32839543\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20geometric%20basis%20for%20surface%20habitat%20complexity%20and%20biodiversity&amp;journal=Nat.%20Ecol.%20Evol.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41559-020-1281-8&amp;volume=4&amp;pages=1495-1501&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Torres-Pulliza%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Duarte, C. M. et al. Rebuilding marine life. Nature 580, 39\u201351 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-020-2146-7\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-020-2146-7\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-020-2146-7\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-020-2146-7\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020Natur.580...39D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmtFyrt7w%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32238939\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Rebuilding%20marine%20life&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-020-2146-7&amp;volume=580&amp;pages=39-51&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Duarte%2CCM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Benayas, J. M. R., Newton, A. C., Diaz, A. &amp; Bullock, J. M. Enhancement of biodiversity and ecosystem services by ecological restoration: a meta-analysis. Science 325, 1121\u20131124 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.1172460\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.1172460\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.1172460\" aria-label=\"Article reference 9\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.1172460\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2009Sci...325.1121B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVersr7F\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Enhancement%20of%20biodiversity%20and%20ecosystem%20services%20by%20ecological%20restoration%3A%20a%20meta-analysis&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1172460&amp;volume=325&amp;pages=1121-1124&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Benayas%2CJMR&amp;author=Newton%2CAC&amp;author=Diaz%2CA&amp;author=Bullock%2CJM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Arrhenius, O. Species and area. J. Ecol. 9, 95\u201399 (1921).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.2307\/2255763\" data-track-item_id=\"10.2307\/2255763\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307%2F2255763\" aria-label=\"Article reference 10\" data-doi=\"10.2307\/2255763\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Species%20and%20area&amp;journal=J.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.2307%2F2255763&amp;volume=9&amp;pages=95-99&amp;publication_year=1921&amp;author=Arrhenius%2CO\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Macarthur, R. H. &amp; Wilson, E. O. The Theory of Island Biogeography (Princeton Univ. Press, 1967).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Bishop, M. J., Vozzo, M. L., Mayer-Pinto, M. &amp; Dafforn, K. A. Complexity\u2013biodiversity relationships on marine urban structures: reintroducing habitat heterogeneity through eco-engineering. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 377, 20210393 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1098\/rstb.2021.0393\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1098\/rstb.2021.0393\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frstb.2021.0393\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.1098\/rstb.2021.0393\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Complexity%E2%80%93biodiversity%20relationships%20on%20marine%20urban%20structures%3A%20reintroducing%20habitat%20heterogeneity%20through%20eco-engineering&amp;journal=Philos.%20Trans.%20R.%20Soc.%20B&amp;doi=10.1098%2Frstb.2021.0393&amp;volume=377&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Bishop%2CMJ&amp;author=Vozzo%2CML&amp;author=Mayer-Pinto%2CM&amp;author=Dafforn%2CKA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">McAfee, D., Bishop, M. J., Yu, T. &amp; Williams, G. A. Structural traits dictate abiotic stress amelioration by intertidal oysters. Funct. Ecol. 32, 2666\u20132677 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/1365-2435.13210\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/1365-2435.13210\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2F1365-2435.13210\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/1365-2435.13210\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Structural%20traits%20dictate%20abiotic%20stress%20amelioration%20by%20intertidal%20oysters&amp;journal=Funct.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2F1365-2435.13210&amp;volume=32&amp;pages=2666-2677&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=McAfee%2CD&amp;author=Bishop%2CMJ&amp;author=Yu%2CT&amp;author=Williams%2CGA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Strain, E. M. A. et al. Increasing microhabitat complexity on seawalls can reduce fish predation on native oysters. Ecol. Eng. 120, 637\u2013644 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2017.05.030\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2017.05.030\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.ecoleng.2017.05.030\" aria-label=\"Article reference 14\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2017.05.030\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Increasing%20microhabitat%20complexity%20on%20seawalls%20can%20reduce%20fish%20predation%20on%20native%20oysters&amp;journal=Ecol.%20Eng.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecoleng.2017.05.030&amp;volume=120&amp;pages=637-644&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Strain%2CEMA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Temmink, R. J. M. et al. Mimicry of emergent traits amplifies coastal restoration success. Nat. Commun. 11, 3668 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-020-17438-4\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-020-17438-4\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-020-17438-4\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-020-17438-4\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020NatCo..11.3668T\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVKmurzM\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32699271\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7376209\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Mimicry%20of%20emergent%20traits%20amplifies%20coastal%20restoration%20success&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-020-17438-4&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Temmink%2CRJM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Kiessling, W., Simpson, C. &amp; Foote, M. Reefs as cradles of evolution and sources of biodiversity in the Phanerozoic. Science 327, 196\u2013198 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.1182241\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.1182241\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.1182241\" aria-label=\"Article reference 16\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.1182241\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2010Sci...327..196K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1egsw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20056888\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Reefs%20as%20cradles%20of%20evolution%20and%20sources%20of%20biodiversity%20in%20the%20Phanerozoic&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1182241&amp;volume=327&amp;pages=196-198&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Kiessling%2CW&amp;author=Simpson%2CC&amp;author=Foote%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Gurney, W. S. C. &amp; Lawton, J. H. The population dynamics of ecosystem engineers. Oikos 76, 273\u2013283 (1996).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.2307\/3546200\" data-track-item_id=\"10.2307\/3546200\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307%2F3546200\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.2307\/3546200\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20population%20dynamics%20of%20ecosystem%20engineers&amp;journal=Oikos&amp;doi=10.2307%2F3546200&amp;volume=76&amp;publication_year=1996&amp;author=Gurney%2CWSC&amp;author=Lawton%2CJH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Wright, J. P., Gurney, W. S. C. &amp; Jones, C. G. Patch dynamics in a landscape modified by ecosystem engineers. Oikos 105, 336\u2013348 (2004).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.0030-1299.2004.12654.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.0030-1299.2004.12654.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.0030-1299.2004.12654.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 18\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.0030-1299.2004.12654.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2004Oikos.105..336W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Patch%20dynamics%20in%20a%20landscape%20modified%20by%20ecosystem%20engineers&amp;journal=Oikos&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.0030-1299.2004.12654.x&amp;volume=105&amp;pages=336-348&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Wright%2CJP&amp;author=Gurney%2CWSC&amp;author=Jones%2CCG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Shurin, J. B. &amp; Allen, E. G. Effects of competition, predation, and dispersal on species richness at local and regional scales. Am. Nat. 158, 624\u2013637 (2001).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/323589\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/323589\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F323589\" aria-label=\"Article reference 19\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/323589\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BD1critlyrsg%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=18707356\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Effects%20of%20competition%2C%20predation%2C%20and%20dispersal%20on%20species%20richness%20at%20local%20and%20regional%20scales&amp;journal=Am.%20Nat.&amp;doi=10.1086%2F323589&amp;volume=158&amp;pages=624-637&amp;publication_year=2001&amp;author=Shurin%2CJB&amp;author=Allen%2CEG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Meira, A., Byers, J. E. &amp; Sousa, R. A global synthesis of predation on bivalves. Biol. Rev. 99, 1015\u20131057 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/brv.13057\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/brv.13057\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fbrv.13057\" aria-label=\"Article reference 20\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/brv.13057\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38294132\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20global%20synthesis%20of%20predation%20on%20bivalves&amp;journal=Biol.%20Rev.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fbrv.13057&amp;volume=99&amp;pages=1015-1057&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Meira%2CA&amp;author=Byers%2CJE&amp;author=Sousa%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Esquivel-Muelbert, J. R. et al. Spatial variation in the biotic and abiotic filters of oyster recruitment: implications for restoration. J. Appl. Ecol. 59, 953\u2013964 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.14107\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.14107\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2F1365-2664.14107\" aria-label=\"Article reference 21\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.14107\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XhtVektLnI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 21\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Spatial%20variation%20in%20the%20biotic%20and%20abiotic%20filters%20of%20oyster%20recruitment%3A%20implications%20for%20restoration&amp;journal=J.%20Appl.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2F1365-2664.14107&amp;volume=59&amp;pages=953-964&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Esquivel-Muelbert%2CJR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Heck, Jr, K. L. &amp; Wetstone, G. S. Habitat complexity and invertebrate species richness and abundance in tropical seagrass meadows. J. Biogeogr. 4, 135\u2013142 (1977).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Pearson, R. G. Recovery and recolonization of coral reefs. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 4, 105\u2013122 (1981).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Nakamura, T. &amp; Nakamori, T. A geochemical model for coral reef formation. Coral Reefs 26, 741\u2013755 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s00338-007-0262-6\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s00338-007-0262-6\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00338-007-0262-6\" aria-label=\"Article reference 24\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s00338-007-0262-6\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2007CorRe..26..741N\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20geochemical%20model%20for%20coral%20reef%20formation&amp;journal=Coral%20Reefs&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs00338-007-0262-6&amp;volume=26&amp;pages=741-755&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Nakamura%2CT&amp;author=Nakamori%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Rodriguez, A. B. et al. Oyster reefs can outpace sea-level rise. Nat. Clim. Chang.\u00a04, 493\u2013497 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nclimate2216\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nclimate2216\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnclimate2216\" aria-label=\"Article reference 25\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nclimate2216\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2014NatCC...4..493R\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Oyster%20reefs%20can%20outpace%20sea-level%20rise&amp;journal=Nat.%20Clim.%20Chang.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnclimate2216&amp;volume=4&amp;pages=493-497&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Rodriguez%2CAB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Grabowski, J. H. &amp; Powers, S. P. Habitat complexity mitigates trophic transfer on oyster reefs. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 277, 291\u2013295 (2004).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3354\/meps277291\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3354\/meps277291\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354%2Fmeps277291\" aria-label=\"Article reference 26\" data-doi=\"10.3354\/meps277291\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2004MEPS..277..291G\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 26\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Habitat%20complexity%20mitigates%20trophic%20transfer%20on%20oyster%20reefs&amp;journal=Mar.%20Ecol.%20Prog.%20Ser.&amp;doi=10.3354%2Fmeps277291&amp;volume=277&amp;pages=291-295&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Grabowski%2CJH&amp;author=Powers%2CSP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Graham, N. A. J. &amp; Nash, K. L. The importance of structural complexity in coral reef ecosystems. Coral Reefs 32, 315\u2013326 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s00338-012-0984-y\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s00338-012-0984-y\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00338-012-0984-y\" aria-label=\"Article reference 27\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s00338-012-0984-y\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2013CorRe..32..315G\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 27\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20importance%20of%20structural%20complexity%20in%20coral%20reef%20ecosystems&amp;journal=Coral%20Reefs&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs00338-012-0984-y&amp;volume=32&amp;pages=315-326&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Graham%2CNAJ&amp;author=Nash%2CKL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">D\u2019Urban Jackson, T., Williams, G. J., Walker-Springett, G. &amp; Davies, A. J. Three-dimensional digital mapping of ecosystems: a new era in spatial ecology. Proc. R. Soc. B 287, 20192383 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1098\/rspb.2019.2383\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1098\/rspb.2019.2383\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frspb.2019.2383\" aria-label=\"Article reference 28\" data-doi=\"10.1098\/rspb.2019.2383\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32075534\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7031661\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 28\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Three-dimensional%20digital%20mapping%20of%20ecosystems%3A%20a%20new%20era%20in%20spatial%20ecology&amp;journal=Proc.%20R.%20Soc.%20B&amp;doi=10.1098%2Frspb.2019.2383&amp;volume=287&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=D%E2%80%99Urban%20Jackson%2CT&amp;author=Williams%2CGJ&amp;author=Walker-Springett%2CG&amp;author=Davies%2CAJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Cannon, D. J., Kibler, K. M., Taye, J. &amp; Medeiros, S. C. Characterizing canopy complexity of natural and restored intertidal oyster reefs (Crassostrea virginica) with a novel laser-scanning method. Restor. Ecol. 31, e13973 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/rec.13973\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/rec.13973\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Frec.13973\" aria-label=\"Article reference 29\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/rec.13973\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Characterizing%20canopy%20complexity%20of%20natural%20and%20restored%20intertidal%20oyster%20reefs%20%28Crassostrea%20virginica%29%20with%20a%20novel%20laser-scanning%20method&amp;journal=Restor.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Frec.13973&amp;volume=31&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Cannon%2CDJ&amp;author=Kibler%2CKM&amp;author=Taye%2CJ&amp;author=Medeiros%2CSC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Warfe, D. M., Barmuta, L. A. &amp; Wotherspoon, S. Quantifying habitat structure: surface convolution and living space for species in complex environments. Oikos 117, 1764\u20131773 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2008.16836.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2008.16836.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0706.2008.16836.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 30\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2008.16836.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2008Oikos.117.1764W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Quantifying%20habitat%20structure%3A%20surface%20convolution%20and%20living%20space%20for%20species%20in%20complex%20environments&amp;journal=Oikos&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1600-0706.2008.16836.x&amp;volume=117&amp;pages=1764-1773&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Warfe%2CDM&amp;author=Barmuta%2CLA&amp;author=Wotherspoon%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Nash, K. L., Graham, N. A. J., Wilson, S. K. &amp; Bellwood, D. R. Cross-scale habitat structure drives fish body size distributions on coral reefs. Ecosystems 16, 478\u2013490 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s10021-012-9625-0\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s10021-012-9625-0\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s10021-012-9625-0\" aria-label=\"Article reference 31\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s10021-012-9625-0\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 31\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Cross-scale%20habitat%20structure%20drives%20fish%20body%20size%20distributions%20on%20coral%20reefs&amp;journal=Ecosystems&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs10021-012-9625-0&amp;volume=16&amp;pages=478-490&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Nash%2CKL&amp;author=Graham%2CNAJ&amp;author=Wilson%2CSK&amp;author=Bellwood%2CDR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Reichert, J., Backes, A. R., Schubert, P. &amp; Wilke, T. The power of 3D fractal dimensions for comparative shape and structural complexity analyses of irregularly shaped organisms. Methods Ecol. Evol. 8, 1650\u20131658 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/2041-210X.12829\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/2041-210X.12829\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2F2041-210X.12829\" aria-label=\"Article reference 32\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/2041-210X.12829\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20power%20of%203D%20fractal%20dimensions%20for%20comparative%20shape%20and%20structural%20complexity%20analyses%20of%20irregularly%20shaped%20organisms&amp;journal=Methods%20Ecol.%20Evol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2F2041-210X.12829&amp;volume=8&amp;pages=1650-1658&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Reichert%2CJ&amp;author=Backes%2CAR&amp;author=Schubert%2CP&amp;author=Wilke%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Tokeshi, M. &amp; Arakaki, S. Habitat complexity in aquatic systems: fractals and beyond. Hydrobiologia 685, 27\u201347 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s10750-011-0832-z\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s10750-011-0832-z\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s10750-011-0832-z\" aria-label=\"Article reference 33\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s10750-011-0832-z\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2012HyBio.685...27T\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 33\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 33\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Habitat%20complexity%20in%20aquatic%20systems%3A%20fractals%20and%20beyond&amp;journal=Hydrobiologia&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs10750-011-0832-z&amp;volume=685&amp;pages=27-47&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Tokeshi%2CM&amp;author=Arakaki%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Esquivel-Muelbert, J., Lanham, B. S., Didderen, K., Van Der Heide, T. &amp; Bishop, M. J. Patterns of oyster recruitment and habitat provision across tidal elevation gradients are dependent on predator mitigation methods. J. Appl. Ecol. 62, 726\u2013738 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.14866\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.14866\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2F1365-2664.14866\" aria-label=\"Article reference 34\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.14866\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Patterns%20of%20oyster%20recruitment%20and%20habitat%20provision%20across%20tidal%20elevation%20gradients%20are%20dependent%20on%20predator%20mitigation%20methods&amp;journal=J.%20Appl.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2F1365-2664.14866&amp;volume=62&amp;pages=726-738&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Esquivel-Muelbert%2CJ&amp;author=Lanham%2CBS&amp;author=Didderen%2CK&amp;author=Heide%2CT&amp;author=Bishop%2CMJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Temmink, R. J. M. et al. Life cycle informed restoration: engineering settlement substrate material characteristics and structural complexity for reef formation. J. Appl. Ecol. 58, 2158\u20132170 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.13968\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.13968\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2F1365-2664.13968\" aria-label=\"Article reference 35\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.13968\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 35\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Life%20cycle%20informed%20restoration%3A%20engineering%20settlement%20substrate%20material%20characteristics%20and%20structural%20complexity%20for%20reef%20formation&amp;journal=J.%20Appl.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2F1365-2664.13968&amp;volume=58&amp;pages=2158-2170&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Temmink%2CRJM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Silliman, B. R. et al. Facilitation shifts paradigms and can amplify coastal restoration efforts. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 14295\u201314300 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1073\/pnas.1515297112\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1073\/pnas.1515297112\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073%2Fpnas.1515297112\" aria-label=\"Article reference 36\" data-doi=\"10.1073\/pnas.1515297112\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015PNAS..11214295S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhslKlurvO\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26578775\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4655511\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Facilitation%20shifts%20paradigms%20and%20can%20amplify%20coastal%20restoration%20efforts&amp;journal=Proc.%20Natl%20Acad.%20Sci.%20USA&amp;doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.1515297112&amp;volume=112&amp;pages=14295-14300&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Silliman%2CBR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Laland, K. N., Odling-Smee, F. J. &amp; Feldman, M. W. Evolutionary consequences of niche construction and their implications for ecology. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 10242\u201310247 (1999).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1073\/pnas.96.18.10242\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1073\/pnas.96.18.10242\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073%2Fpnas.96.18.10242\" aria-label=\"Article reference 37\" data-doi=\"10.1073\/pnas.96.18.10242\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1999PNAS...9610242L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlvFegu7Y%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=10468593\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC17873\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 37\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Evolutionary%20consequences%20of%20niche%20construction%20and%20their%20implications%20for%20ecology&amp;journal=Proc.%20Natl%20Acad.%20Sci.%20USA&amp;doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.96.18.10242&amp;volume=96&amp;pages=10242-10247&amp;publication_year=1999&amp;author=Laland%2CKN&amp;author=Odling-Smee%2CFJ&amp;author=Feldman%2CMW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Beck, M. W. et al. Oyster reefs at risk and recommendations for conservation, restoration, and management. Bioscience 61, 107\u2013116 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1525\/bio.2011.61.2.5\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1525\/bio.2011.61.2.5\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525%2Fbio.2011.61.2.5\" aria-label=\"Article reference 38\" data-doi=\"10.1525\/bio.2011.61.2.5\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 38\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Oyster%20reefs%20at%20risk%20and%20recommendations%20for%20conservation%2C%20restoration%2C%20and%20management&amp;journal=Bioscience&amp;doi=10.1525%2Fbio.2011.61.2.5&amp;volume=61&amp;pages=107-116&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Beck%2CMW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Gillies, C. L. et al. Conservation status of the oyster reef ecosystem of southern and eastern Australia. Glob. Ecol. Conserv. 22, e00988 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Conservation%20status%20of%20the%20oyster%20reef%20ecosystem%20of%20southern%20and%20eastern%20Australia&amp;journal=Glob.%20Ecol.%20Conserv.&amp;volume=22&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Gillies%2CCL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Grabowski, J. H. et al. Economic valuation of ecosystem services provided by oyster reefs. Bioscience 62, 900\u2013909 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1525\/bio.2012.62.10.10\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1525\/bio.2012.62.10.10\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525%2Fbio.2012.62.10.10\" aria-label=\"Article reference 40\" data-doi=\"10.1525\/bio.2012.62.10.10\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 40\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Economic%20valuation%20of%20ecosystem%20services%20provided%20by%20oyster%20reefs&amp;journal=Bioscience&amp;doi=10.1525%2Fbio.2012.62.10.10&amp;volume=62&amp;pages=900-909&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Grabowski%2CJH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Bayraktarov, E. et al. The cost and feasibility of marine coastal restoration. Ecol. Appl. 26, 1055\u20131074 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1890\/15-1077\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1890\/15-1077\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890%2F15-1077\" aria-label=\"Article reference 41\" data-doi=\"10.1890\/15-1077\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27509748\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 41\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20cost%20and%20feasibility%20of%20marine%20coastal%20restoration&amp;journal=Ecol.%20Appl.&amp;doi=10.1890%2F15-1077&amp;volume=26&amp;pages=1055-1074&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Bayraktarov%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Hemraj, D. A. et al. Oyster reef restoration fails to recoup global historic ecosystem losses despite substantial biodiversity gain. Sci. Adv. 8, eabp8747 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/sciadv.abp8747\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/sciadv.abp8747\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fsciadv.abp8747\" aria-label=\"Article reference 42\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/sciadv.abp8747\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=36417529\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9683697\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 42\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Oyster%20reef%20restoration%20fails%20to%20recoup%20global%20historic%20ecosystem%20losses%20despite%20substantial%20biodiversity%20gain&amp;journal=Sci.%20Adv.&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fsciadv.abp8747&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Hemraj%2CDA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Brumbaugh, R. D. &amp; Coen, L. D. Contemporary approaches for small-scale oyster reef restoration to address substrate versus recruitment limitation: a review and comments relevant for the Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida Carpenter 1864. J. Shellfish Res. 28, 147\u2013161 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.2983\/035.028.0105\" data-track-item_id=\"10.2983\/035.028.0105\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2983%2F035.028.0105\" aria-label=\"Article reference 43\" data-doi=\"10.2983\/035.028.0105\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 43\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Contemporary%20approaches%20for%20small-scale%20oyster%20reef%20restoration%20to%20address%20substrate%20versus%20recruitment%20limitation%3A%20a%20review%20and%20comments%20relevant%20for%20the%20Olympia%20oyster%2C%20Ostrea%20lurida%20Carpenter%201864&amp;journal=J.%20Shellfish%20Res.&amp;doi=10.2983%2F035.028.0105&amp;volume=28&amp;pages=147-161&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Brumbaugh%2CRD&amp;author=Coen%2CLD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Fitzsimons, J. A. et al. Restoring shellfish reefs: global guidelines for practitioners and scientists. Conserv. Sci. Pract. 2, e198 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/csp2.198\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/csp2.198\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fcsp2.198\" aria-label=\"Article reference 44\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/csp2.198\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 44\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Restoring%20shellfish%20reefs%3A%20global%20guidelines%20for%20practitioners%20and%20scientists&amp;journal=Conserv.%20Sci.%20Pract.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fcsp2.198&amp;volume=2&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Fitzsimons%2CJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Lipcius, R. N., Zhang, Y., Zhou, J., Shaw, L. B. &amp; Shi, J. Modeling oyster reef restoration: larval supply and reef geometry jointly determine population resilience and performance. Front. Mar. Sci. 8, 677640 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fmars.2021.677640\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3389\/fmars.2021.677640\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffmars.2021.677640\" aria-label=\"Article reference 45\" data-doi=\"10.3389\/fmars.2021.677640\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 45\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Modeling%20oyster%20reef%20restoration%3A%20larval%20supply%20and%20reef%20geometry%20jointly%20determine%20population%20resilience%20and%20performance&amp;journal=Front.%20Mar.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.3389%2Ffmars.2021.677640&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Lipcius%2CRN&amp;author=Zhang%2CY&amp;author=Zhou%2CJ&amp;author=Shaw%2CLB&amp;author=Shi%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Schulte, D. M., Burke, R. P. &amp; Lipcius, R. N. Unprecedented restoration of a native oyster metapopulation. Science 325, 1124\u20131128 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.1176516\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.1176516\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.1176516\" aria-label=\"Article reference 46\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.1176516\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2009Sci...325.1124S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 46\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVersr%2FN\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 46\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=19644073\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 46\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 46\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Unprecedented%20restoration%20of%20a%20native%20oyster%20metapopulation&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1176516&amp;volume=325&amp;pages=1124-1128&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Schulte%2CDM&amp;author=Burke%2CRP&amp;author=Lipcius%2CRN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Fodrie, F. J. et al. Classic paradigms in a novel environment: inserting food web and productivity lessons from rocky shores and saltmarshes into biogenic reef restoration. J. Appl. Ecol. 51, 1314\u20131325 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.12276\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.12276\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2F1365-2664.12276\" aria-label=\"Article reference 47\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/1365-2664.12276\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 47\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Classic%20paradigms%20in%20a%20novel%20environment%3A%20inserting%20food%20web%20and%20productivity%20lessons%20from%20rocky%20shores%20and%20saltmarshes%20into%20biogenic%20reef%20restoration&amp;journal=J.%20Appl.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2F1365-2664.12276&amp;volume=51&amp;pages=1314-1325&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Fodrie%2CFJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Temmink, R. J. M., Angelini, C., Verkuijl, M. &amp; van der Heide, T. Restoration ecology meets design-engineering: mimicking emergent traits to restore feedback-driven ecosystems. Sci. Total Environ. 902, 166460 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166460\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166460\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2023.166460\" aria-label=\"Article reference 48\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166460\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXhvVSjtrvP\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 48\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37611724\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 48\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 48\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Restoration%20ecology%20meets%20design-engineering%3A%20mimicking%20emergent%20traits%20to%20restore%20feedback-driven%20ecosystems&amp;journal=Sci.%20Total%20Environ.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2023.166460&amp;volume=902&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Temmink%2CRJM&amp;author=Angelini%2CC&amp;author=Verkuijl%2CM&amp;author=Heide%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Crain, C. M. &amp; Bertness, M. D. Ecosystem engineering across environmental gradients: implications for conservation and management. Bioscience 56, 211\u2013218 (2006).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1641\/0006-3568(2006)056[0211:EEAEGI]2.0.CO;2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1641\/0006-3568(2006)056[0211:EEAEGI]2.0.CO;2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1641%2F0006-3568%282006%29056%5B0211%3AEEAEGI%5D2.0.CO%3B2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 49\" data-doi=\"10.1641\/0006-3568(2006)056[0211:EEAEGI]2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 49\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ecosystem%20engineering%20across%20environmental%20gradients%3A%20implications%20for%20conservation%20and%20management&amp;journal=Bioscience&amp;doi=10.1641%2F0006-3568%282006%29056%5B0211%3AEEAEGI%5D2.0.CO%3B2&amp;volume=56&amp;pages=211-218&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Crain%2CCM&amp;author=Bertness%2CMD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">Powers, S. P., Peterson, C. H., Grabowski, J. H. &amp; Lenihan, H. S. Success of constructed oyster reefs in no-harvest sanctuaries: implications for restoration. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 389, 159\u2013170 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3354\/meps08164\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3354\/meps08164\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354%2Fmeps08164\" aria-label=\"Article reference 50\" data-doi=\"10.3354\/meps08164\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2009MEPS..389..159P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 50\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 50\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Success%20of%20constructed%20oyster%20reefs%20in%20no-harvest%20sanctuaries%3A%20implications%20for%20restoration&amp;journal=Mar.%20Ecol.%20Prog.%20Ser.&amp;doi=10.3354%2Fmeps08164&amp;volume=389&amp;pages=159-170&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Powers%2CSP&amp;author=Peterson%2CCH&amp;author=Grabowski%2CJH&amp;author=Lenihan%2CHS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Tracy, A. M. et al. Oyster reef habitat depends on environmental conditions and management across large spatial scales. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 721, 103\u2013117 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3354\/meps14426\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3354\/meps14426\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3354%2Fmeps14426\" aria-label=\"Article reference 51\" data-doi=\"10.3354\/meps14426\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 51\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Oyster%20reef%20habitat%20depends%20on%20environmental%20conditions%20and%20management%20across%20large%20spatial%20scales&amp;journal=Mar.%20Ecol.%20Prog.%20Ser.&amp;doi=10.3354%2Fmeps14426&amp;volume=721&amp;pages=103-117&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Tracy%2CAM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">Figueira, W. et al. Accuracy and precision of habitat structural complexity metrics derived from underwater photogrammetry. Remote Sens. 7, 16883\u201316900 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3390\/rs71215859\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3390\/rs71215859\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390%2Frs71215859\" aria-label=\"Article reference 52\" data-doi=\"10.3390\/rs71215859\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015RemS....716883F\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 52\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 52\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Accuracy%20and%20precision%20of%20habitat%20structural%20complexity%20metrics%20derived%20from%20underwater%20photogrammetry&amp;journal=Remote%20Sens.&amp;doi=10.3390%2Frs71215859&amp;volume=7&amp;pages=16883-16900&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Figueira%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Esquivel-Muelbert, J. R., Alleway, H. K. &amp; Bishop, M. J. Shellfish reef aquaculture: a perspective on the systematic cultivation of endangered biogenic habitats. Restor. Ecol. 32, e14166 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/rec.14166\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/rec.14166\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Frec.14166\" aria-label=\"Article reference 53\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/rec.14166\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 53\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Shellfish%20reef%20aquaculture%3A%20a%20perspective%20on%20the%20systematic%20cultivation%20of%20endangered%20biogenic%20habitats&amp;journal=Restor.%20Ecol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Frec.14166&amp;volume=32&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Esquivel-Muelbert%2CJR&amp;author=Alleway%2CHK&amp;author=Bishop%2CMJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">Howie, A. H., Reeves, S. E., Gillies, C. L. &amp; Bishop, M. J. Integration of social data into restoration suitability modelling for oyster reefs. Ecol. Indic. 158, 111531 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2023.111531\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2023.111531\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.ecolind.2023.111531\" aria-label=\"Article reference 54\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2023.111531\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 54\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Integration%20of%20social%20data%20into%20restoration%20suitability%20modelling%20for%20oyster%20reefs&amp;journal=Ecol.%20Indic.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecolind.2023.111531&amp;volume=158&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Howie%2CAH&amp;author=Reeves%2CSE&amp;author=Gillies%2CCL&amp;author=Bishop%2CMJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Schiettekatte, N. M. D. et al. Habtools: an R package to calculate 3D metrics for surfaces and objects. Methods Ecol. Evol. 16, 895\u2013903 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">Dubuc, B., Zucker, S. W., Tricot, C., Quiniou, J. F. &amp; Wehbi, D. Evaluating the fractal dimension of surfaces. Proc. R. Soc. London. A 425, 113\u2013127 (1989).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR57\">Anderson, M. J. A chemical cue induces settlement of Sydney rock oysters, Saccostrea commercialis, in the laboratory and in the field. Biol. Bull. 190, 350\u2013358 (1996).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.2307\/1543027\" data-track-item_id=\"10.2307\/1543027\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307%2F1543027\" aria-label=\"Article reference 57\" data-doi=\"10.2307\/1543027\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaK28XksFSmsrk%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 57\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29227699\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 57\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 57\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20chemical%20cue%20induces%20settlement%20of%20Sydney%20rock%20oysters%2C%20Saccostrea%20commercialis%2C%20in%20the%20laboratory%20and%20in%20the%20field&amp;journal=Biol.%20Bull.&amp;doi=10.2307%2F1543027&amp;volume=190&amp;pages=350-358&amp;publication_year=1996&amp;author=Anderson%2CMJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR58\">Martinez-Baena, F. et al. Trophic structure of temperate Australian oyster reefs within the estuarine seascape: a stable isotope analysis. Estuaries Coasts 46, 844\u2013859 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s12237-022-01157-8\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s12237-022-01157-8\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s12237-022-01157-8\" aria-label=\"Article reference 58\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s12237-022-01157-8\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 58\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Trophic%20structure%20of%20temperate%20Australian%20oyster%20reefs%20within%20the%20estuarine%20seascape%3A%20a%20stable%20isotope%20analysis&amp;journal=Estuaries%20Coasts&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs12237-022-01157-8&amp;volume=46&amp;pages=844-859&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Martinez-Baena%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR59\">R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (R Foundation for Stastical Computing, 2023); <a href=\"http:\/\/www.R-project.org\/\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/www.R-project.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Huston, M. A general hypothesis of species diversity. Am. Nat. 113, 81\u2013101 (1979). Article\u00a0 MathSciNet\u00a0 Google Scholar\u00a0 Kovalenko,&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":484409,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[49,48,68064,295,1099,1100,195377,4184,66],"class_list":{"0":"post-484408","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-environment","8":"tag-ca","9":"tag-canada","10":"tag-conservation-biology","11":"tag-environment","12":"tag-humanities-and-social-sciences","13":"tag-multidisciplinary","14":"tag-population-dynamics","15":"tag-restoration-ecology","16":"tag-science"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/484408","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=484408"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/484408\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/484409"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=484408"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=484408"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=484408"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}