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The Metals Co., Barron posted to the social media platform X, was \u201cpreparing to work diligently alongside\u201d the Donald Trump administration and federal agencies to promote critical minerals security for the United States. \u201cNice to see President Trump\u2019s new red car!!\u201d Barron added, along with a U.S. flag emoji.<\/p>\n
Barron was at the West Wing to meet with undisclosed senior U.S. officials and discuss the Metals Co.\u2019s readiness to become the first corporation to commercially mine the ocean floor.<\/p>\n
Barely a week after Barron\u2019s post, Trump signed an executive order<\/a> that sent the Metals Co.\u2019s shares skyrocketing, bolstered the president\u2019s reputation as a rogue actor on the global stage and put Canada in a very tricky position.<\/p>\n The order, \u201cUnleashing America\u2019s Offshore Critical Minerals and Resources,\u201d expedites deep-sea mining in U.S. domestic waters.<\/p>\n But, in keeping with Trump\u2019s \u201cAmerica First\u201d strategy and unabashed territorial ambitions, the order goes much further. It allows the United States to unilaterally expedite mining in the international seabed \u2014 widely considered the common heritage of humankind.<\/p>\n When Trump signed the order, Barron and his colleagues sent the president a gift: a metals-rich rock that the Metals Co. had vacuumed up from the Pacific Ocean floor, encased in a block of glass and engraved with the company\u2019s logo and a U.S. flag.<\/p>\n Gerard Barron, CEO of the Metals Co., outside the White House on a sunny day in April 2025, with Donald Trump\u2019s red Tesla in the background. The five-million-year-old rock found a home on the storied Resolute Desk in the Oval Office, Barron told<\/a> U.S. podcast and YouTube show host Shawn Ryan last August, noting, \u201cHere we are, in the final stretch, before the industry becomes big and commercial.\u201d <\/p>\n Days after Trump signed the order, the Metals Co.\u2019s U.S. subsidiary \u2014 where Barron is also CEO \u2014 applied<\/a> to the Trump administration for permits to explore and commercially mine the seabed floor in the Pacific Ocean between Mexico and Hawaii. <\/p>\n In late April, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration determined that one of the Metals Co.\u2019s applications \u2014 for a permit to explore and commercially mine an area more than twice the size of Vancouver Island \u2014 was in full compliance<\/a> with regulations and could proceed. In May, the oceanic administration also certified<\/a> a separate application from the Metals Co. for a permit to explore a Pacific Ocean seabed area that is considerably larger than Iceland. <\/p>\n Snubbing the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which prohibits unilateral deep-sea mining in international waters, the Metals Co. says it expects to begin commissioning<\/a> its mining system later next year, once it receives final approval from the Trump administration.<\/p>\n \u201cWe\u2019re talking about a resource that’s approaching a trillion dollars\u2019 worth of value,\u201d Barron told<\/a> Mining.com in January. \u201cAnd the thing that stands in the way of us unlocking that value is the permit to be able to go and extract them and sell them.\u201d <\/p>\n This plan raises thorny questions for Canada. Is the Metals Co. violating international law? Can Canada \u2014 one of 43 countries calling for a moratorium<\/a> on deep-sea mining \u2014 prevent the Metals Co. from mining in international waters? And why did the Metals Co. choose Vancouver for its headquarters?<\/p>\n So far, Canada has said nothing about Trump\u2019s deep-sea mining ambitions, which come as the U.S. president continues to squeeze Canada economically and repeats his desire to make his resource-rich neighbour the 51st American state. Nor has Mark Carney\u2019s government challenged the Metals Co.\u2019s gambit to become the world\u2019s first commercial deep-sea miner.<\/p>\n \u201cIt\u2019s very problematic for Canada not to be speaking up about this,\u201d Sara Seck, a professor at Dalhousie University\u2019s Schulich School of Law, who focuses on the mining sector and ocean law, told The Tyee. <\/p>\n Unlike the United States, Canada is a party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and Carney\u2019s government \u201creally does have an obligation to step up here,\u201d Seck said.<\/p>\n
A Vancouver address<\/p>\n The Metals Co. lists its address in a premium office tower in Vancouver\u2019s tony downtown financial district. <\/p>\n But when The Tyee made an impromptu visit, we didn\u2019t find an office. The floor listed as the Metal Co.\u2019s address houses DuMoulin Black, a boutique law firm that specializes in corporate and securities law. DeMoulin Black has advised the Metals Co. on major corporate transactions<\/a>, including securities purchase agreements.<\/p>\n Barron, an Australian, has a residence in Dubai and, based on his social media feeds and comments to media, rarely seems to spend time in Canada. He refers to himself as a \u201cfrequent traveller\u201d \u2014 visiting places such as Seoul, New York, Washington and San Francisco in his continuing quest to raise capital for the Metals Co. and garner buy-in to mine the ocean floor.<\/p>\n Catherine Coumans, research co-ordinator for Mining Watch Canada, said Canada is an attractive place for mining corporations like the Metals Co. to set up shop because the country\u2019s long mining history means that technical, legal and international expertise is readily available. Canada is also a favourite place for mining companies to raise capital, she notes. <\/p>\n When The Tyee asked Rory Usher, senior communications manager for the Metals Co., why the company chose Vancouver for its headquarters, Usher said he wasn\u2019t the best person to answer. The company, which has not said anything public about its decision to list Vancouver as its address, didn\u2019t respond to a followup email by press time. The Metals Co. is not listed as a member of the Mining Association of Canada. But the company has successfully raised capital from its base in Canada. <\/p>\n Why mine the deep sea?<\/p>\n In a quirk of nature, fist-sized rocks called polymetallic nodules are scattered across millions of square kilometres of the seabed in all five of the world\u2019s oceans. These nodules formed over millions of years, as metal ions dissolved in sea water and collected around a tiny nucleus such as a shell fragment or a shark\u2019s tooth. <\/p>\n Concealed in the nodules are nickel, copper, cobalt, manganese and rare earth elements. The metals are critical for the artificial intelligence sector and national defence \u2014 think of drones and bombs and fighter jets \u2014 as well as for the necessities of modern-day life, such as cellphones and laptops. They\u2019re also needed for the long-promised, yet still elusive, energy transition to wean the world off fossil fuels. Copper is used to make solar panels and wind turbines, while electric vehicle batteries require cobalt, nickel and manganese.<\/p>\n The nodules are especially plentiful in a relatively flat area of the international seabed between Mexico and Hawaii known as the Clarion-Clipperton zone. It\u2019s here that the Metals Co., with the backing of the Trump administration, plans to mine.<\/p>\n \u201cIt\u2019s almost unbelievable good fortune that you would have the planet\u2019s largest source of nickel, copper, cobalt and manganese all sitting in one relatively small area,\u201d Usher told The Tyee. <\/p>\n While the company initially plans to mine a 65,000-square-kilometre area, Usher pointed out that it\u2019s only a small fraction of the global sea floor. \u201cIt\u2019s not big relative to other oceans,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n To gather the nodules, the Metals Co. plans to lower a remotely operated collector vehicle<\/a> the size of a bus about four kilometres to the seabed floor. The robotic vehicle, which has wide treads for crawling along the ocean floor, will be attached to a mother ship at the surface by an umbilical cord-like pipe.<\/p>\n As the machine advances, it will blast sea water at the nodules to loosen them and then vacuum them up into a hopper. Pumps inside the hopper will separate the nodules from sediment, discharging the sediment back into the sea. Air pumped down a pipe called a riser will equalize the pressure, and the nodules will shoot up to the mother ship, where a centrifuge will separate them from the remaining sea water and a conveyor belt will deposit them into the ship\u2019s hold.<\/p>\n The Metals Co. transformed a drill ship from the offshore oil and gas industry into a nodule collection vessel it has named the Hidden Gem. On a trial run in the fall of 2022, the Hidden Gem collected<\/a> more than 3,000 tonnes of nodules.<\/p>\n To put that into perspective, a single tonne of nodules from the Clarion-Clipperton zone yields about 13 kilograms of nickel, 11 kilograms of copper, 284 kilograms of manganese and two kilograms of cobalt. <\/p>\n A typical electric vehicle requires about 40 kilograms of nickel and 50 kilograms of copper, while a modern fighter jet needs about 100 to 400 kilograms of copper for wiring and electronics. <\/p>\n Why not to mine the deep sea<\/p>\n Usher argues that the world will quickly need more metals, and mining the deep sea will have fewer environmental impacts than mining on land. <\/p>\n \u201cThere\u2019s no free lunch,\u201d he told The Tyee. \u201cThere are impacts in the deep sea, and there are impacts for terrestrial mining ecosystems. The question is which of those choices \u2014 that we must make, obviously \u2014 presents the lightest possible impact.\u201d<\/p>\n He pointed to mining in Indonesia, which accounts for about 60 per cent of the world\u2019s nickel production. Nickel mines have destroyed<\/a> large tracts of Indonesian rainforest, including in biodiversity hot spots, and runoff is contaminating coral reefs and destroying coastal marine ecosystems.<\/p>\n It makes sense, Usher said, to source metals \u201cfrom the part of the planet where there is the least life, not the most.\u201d The area where the Metals Co. plans to mine has \u201cno humans… no birds… no trees,\u201d he said. <\/p>\n The Metals Co. transformed a drill ship from the offshore oil and gas industry into a nodule collection vessel it has named the Hidden Gem. In one of Barron\u2019s short social media videos, which was viewed by The Tyee but has since been deleted, he stood on a barren, windswept lava field in Iceland, framed by sombre grey skies. \u201cAs you can see, there are no plants, there are no animals moving about,\u201d Barron told viewers. \u201cIt\u2019s a pretty lifeless area,\u201d he added, comparing it to the Clarion-Clipperton zone.<\/p>\n There\u2019s just one problem: the deep sea is one of the world\u2019s most vital carbon sinks, and it\u2019s teeming with life. It just looks a little different than life on land. <\/p>\n The deep sea is home to fantastical creatures that produce their own light, consume bacteria and thrive in pressures that can crush a car. The world\u2019s deepest-living octopus makes its home in areas that could eventually be slated for deep-sea mining, including in the Clarion-Clipperton zone. Named after the cartoon elephant that uses its oversized ears to fly, the small Dumbo octopus swims by flapping prominent fins on each side of its head. <\/p>\n Colourful sea cucumbers, graceful jellyfish, tiny anemones, yellow sea lilies and slow-growing sponges all live near the nodules. One newly discovered sea creature called Relicanthus sp. \u2014 it looks like an ivory kite flying through the ocean with a profusion of stringlike tails \u2014 lives on sponge stalks attached to nodules<\/a> in the Clarion-Clipperton zone. A 2023 study detailed more than 5,000 species new to science<\/a> in the Clarion-Clipperton zone.<\/p>\n The Metals Co., which has carried out publicly available environmental studies<\/a> of deep-sea mining, says deep-sea mining will create fewer carbon emissions than land-based mining and that plumes from disturbed sediment will be localized. The company also says it plans to leave behind nodules to provide habitats for organisms to recolonize areas after mining. <\/p>\n Yet more than 1,000 marine scientists and policy experts worldwide have signed a science statement outlining concerns<\/a> about deep-sea mining and pointing out that its impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems and human well-being are not yet understood. <\/p>\n The Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative, a network of global experts in fields such as science, technology and economics, says that nodule fields are an important deep-sea ecosystem<\/a> that hosts a diversity of life and directly benefits humans by helping to regulate the climate. <\/p>\n Studies have also found that deep-sea mining could threaten commercial fisheries<\/a>. And a 2025 study<\/a> found that sediment plumes and other impacts from deep-sea mining could threaten at least 30 species of sharks, chimeras and rays, many already at risk of extinction. <\/p>\n \u2018We all have a stake in the ocean,\u2019 says Rashid Sumaila, an economist who teaches at the University of British Columbia\u2019s Institute for the Ocean and Fisheries. \u201cIf you want a regenerative blue economy<\/a>, then deep-sea mining is not part of it,\u201d Rashid Sumaila, an economist who teaches at the University of British Columbia\u2019s Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, told The Tyee.<\/p>\n Sumaila and other researchers have concluded<\/a> that deep-sea mining poses significant environmental, social and economic risks that could have far-reaching consequences for coastal communities and small island developing states. They also found that deep-sea mining is likely to negatively affect the business community, including insurers and investors. <\/p>\n Sumaila points to the tuna industry, noting that the Clarion-Clipperton zone is one of the richest tuna fishing areas in the world. Deep-sea mining, he said, can potentially disrupt tuna habitats and alter migration patterns by creating sediment plumes, generating noise and light pollution and discharging water with higher concentrations of metals.<\/p>\n \u201cFish don\u2019t need visas,\u201d he said \u2014 and the tuna make their way to Canada, where they are caught commercially. \u201cWe all have a stake in the ocean,\u201d Sumaila said. <\/p>\n Instead of increasing the world\u2019s supply of critical minerals, Sumaila said, we should be looking at how to reduce our need for them. <\/p>\n \u201cIf we just go, \u2018Oh we need more, we need more,\u2019 where are you going to stop?\u201d he asks. \u201cThis shouldn\u2019t be a question of only supply; it should be a question of demand.\u201d<\/p>\n
Trump\u2019s plans called \u2018unlawful and illegal\u2019<\/p>\n Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea \u2014 ratified by 171 countries and the European Union \u2014 an agency called the International Seabed Authority is responsible for managing mineral resources in the deep ocean floor beyond areas of national jurisdiction. <\/p>\n The authority, which is headquartered in Jamaica, has spent more than 10 years hashing out rules for seabed mining, including environmental and liability regulations.<\/p>\n Over the years, the authority has granted the Metals Co. and 20 other contractors a total of 31 exploration leases worldwide, including in the Clarion-Clipperton zone. The Metals Co. partnered with the tiny Pacific Island countries of Nauru and Tonga, where it has subsidiaries, to secure its seabed authority exploration contracts. <\/p>\n The Metals Co. plans to lower a remotely operated collector vehicle about four kilometres to the seabed floor. The robotic vehicle will be attached to the Hidden Gem by an umbilical cord-like pipe. The company\u2019s permit applications to the U.S. government substantially overlap with its exploration licences from the seabed authority. The company has conducted its research in the seabed authority exploration areas, and its 2022 nodule collection also took place in the area overseen by the authority. <\/p>\n Barron said he turned to the Trump administration last year because the seabed authority was taking too long to finalize deep-sea mining rules for commercial extraction and failed to meet its own deadlines. <\/p>\n \u201cI depend on shareholder support,\u201d Barron told Ryan, the podcast and YouTube talk show host, \u201cand unfortunately shareholders would not have been willing to give me another five years to sit around and see what happens.\u201d <\/p>\n Yet, as the Metals Co.\u2019s U.S. subsidiary pursues unilateral mining, the company\u2019s Nauru and Tonga subsidiaries have maintained their seabed authority exploration contracts. The seabed authority has now launched an investigation<\/a> into their actions. <\/p>\n Trump\u2019s plans to push ahead with unilateral mining in areas under the seabed authority\u2019s jurisdiction have rankled countries around the world, including China, France and Russia. <\/p>\n France\u2019s special envoy to the seabed authority says the United States is violating the principle of non-appropriation of the high seas and weakening the framework of the international law of the sea \u201cto the detriment of all.\u201d International Seabed Authority president Leticia Carvalho told<\/a> Australian broadcaster ABC that the Trump government\u2019s decision to issue permits is \u201cunlawful and illegal and challenges the rule of law and the unilateral order.\u201d <\/p>\n While the United States hasn\u2019t ratified the international law of the sea convention, it has accepted most of its provisions, including freedom of navigation and the ability to fish in international waters, as customary international law. <\/p>\n <\/a> <\/p>\n Mining Firms May Soon Bypass UN Rules and Mine the Deep Sea<\/p>\n \t\t\t\tread more <\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n Where Canada could, or should, come in<\/p>\n Seck, the Dalhousie law professor whose research focuses on the mining sector and ocean law, told The Tyee that there are good reasons to believe the Metals Co.\u2019s applications to the U.S. administration violate international law. <\/p>\n And specific provisions in the law of the sea convention suggest that Canada \u201cdoes have an obligation to make sure that they are in no way supporting this company… and in no way enabling illegal activity,\u201d she said. <\/p>\n Yet both Seck and Neil Craik, a law professor at the University of Waterloo with expertise in deep-sea mining, say the situation is complex because the applications to the U.S. government for deep-sea mining were made by the U.S. subsidiary of the Metals Co. <\/p>\n Craik said the Carney government, \u201cat a minimum,\u201d should be asking questions about the relationship between the Metals Co. and its U.S. subsidiary. <\/p>\n Is the subsidiary independent, or \u201cis the Canadian parent, in some ways, a directing mind of the company?\u201d asks Craik, whose work focuses on environmental regulation and liabilities for deep-sea mining in areas beyond national jurisdiction. <\/p>\n If the U.S. subsidiary is relying on data and technology developed by the Canadian parent company, Craik said, the two may be acting as a cohesive enterprise and \u201cCanada may have positive obligations to ensure that that company is acting in accordance with international law.\u201d <\/p>\n Global Affairs Canada did not respond directly to The Tyee\u2019s questions about the Metals Co. and international law.<\/p>\n Instead, media relations spokesperson John Babcock said Canada is aware of recent developments related to seabed mining applications and \u201ccontinues to engage constructively with partners on the issue of deep seabed mining in areas beyond national jurisdiction.\u201d <\/p>\n Babcock said Canada, as a general practice, does not comment on the corporate structure or operations of specific companies, adding that Canadian companies operating internationally are \u201cexpected to comply with applicable laws and align with international standards and best practices.\u201d<\/p>\n <\/a> <\/p>\n The Fight Over Seabed Mining Comes to Vancouver<\/p>\n![\"Barron,](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/GerardBarronWhiteHouse.jpg\")
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\nPhoto via X. <\/p>\n
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\nPhoto via the Metals Co<\/a>.<\/p>\n![\"A](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/RashidSumaila.jpg\")
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\nPhoto by Martin Dee.<\/p>\n
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\nPhoto via the Metals Co<\/a>.<\/p>\n![\"image](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/PolymetallicNodulesSeabed__square_thumb.jpg\")
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