{"id":776429,"date":"2026-07-02T22:33:14","date_gmt":"2026-07-02T22:33:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/776429\/"},"modified":"2026-07-02T22:33:14","modified_gmt":"2026-07-02T22:33:14","slug":"should-canzuk-be-a-goal-for-canada-part-2-the-free-trade-angle-naoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/776429\/","title":{"rendered":"Should CANZUK be a goal for Canada? Part 2:\u00a0The Free Trade Angle \u2013 NAOC"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>* The second in a three-part series<\/p>\n<p>Post-WWII planners accepted free trade as a hallmark of Western prosperity, in part as insurance against war due to the economic interdependence it fosters. However, this institution has not only been\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.be\/books?id=1D63DwAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=copyright&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">challenged<\/a>, but in the eyes of some, proven to be the product of naive liberal utopianism, and is now facing a period of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/article\/free-trade-cant-bring-peace\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">decline<\/a>. The United States and China, today\u2019s superpowers, have utilized free trade and trade liberalization to exert influence on smaller nations and grow their economies, even whilst discursively\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/publications\/fandd\/issues\/2023\/06\/superpowers-are-forsaking-free-trade-ngaire-woods\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">attacking it<\/a>\u00a0for political reasons, such as American protectionism or suspicion of each other\u2019s long-term intentions. In this scuffle, smaller nations allied to the United States like Canada are forced to salvage their hitherto unfettered access to the US market.<\/p>\n<p>Intergovernmental organizations like NATO and the WTO, which disincentivize states from resolving disputes around sovereignty or trade through coercive means, but to instead manage them through negotiation and dialogue, remain important to Canada\u2019s security and welfare. And current tensions with the United States suggest closer ties with other allies and partners are needed as insurance, should difficulties with the United States persist after President Donald Trump leaves office.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In that spirit, CANZUK is the first step towards this form of non-military security preparation. Referring to a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2026\/03\/03\/canadas-conservative-leader-floats-canzuk-alliance-to-boost-leverage-with-washington-00809764\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">proposed alliance treaty<\/a>\u00a0between\u00a0Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, CANZUK predicates the relationship between the four on pooling the resources of four developed Western economies with similar legal and political systems and commitments to free trade. The combination of these economies into a new bloc could total well over\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/canada-commonwealth-canzuk-1.7468363\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">$6 trillion<\/a>worth\u00a0of GDP, making CANZUK a mighty negotiating tool with the United States, China and others. Each member provides vital sectors to the global and each other\u2019s economies, and CANZUK would enhance this activity. This includes\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/commonslibrary.parliament.uk\/research-briefings\/sn06193\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">British<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canzukinternational.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/The-Future-of-New-Zealands-Foreign-Policy.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">New Zealand<\/a>\u00a0financial and labour services, Australian\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/articles\/what-are-the-major-natural-resources-of-australia.html#:~:text=The%20country%20is%20also%20the%20second%2Dlargest%20producer,people%20a%20lot%20of%20money%20in%20Australia.\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">coal,<\/a>\u00a0Canadian\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldatlas.com\/articles\/what-are-the-major-natural-resources-of-australia.html#:~:text=The%20country%20is%20also%20the%20second%2Dlargest%20producer,people%20a%20lot%20of%20money%20in%20Australia.\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">oil<\/a>, and\u00a0uranium from both\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.visualcapitalist.com\/charted-global-uranium-reserves-by-country\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the latter two<\/a>\u00a0natural resource-rich countries.<\/p>\n<p>These states already have some\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.international.gc.ca\/trade-commerce\/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux\/agr-acc\/cuktca-acccru\/trade-continuity-agreement.aspx?lang=eng\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bilateral<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.international.gc.ca\/trade-commerce\/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux\/agr-acc\/cuktca-acccru\/trade-continuity-agreement.aspx?lang=eng\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u00a0<\/a>agreements, which attempt to resolve unique issues pertaining to their relationship, such as Canada and the UK\u2019s dispute over access to agricultural markets, (especially Canadian beef). This dispute has seen a minor resurgence in Canada due to complaints over British\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/ranchers-uk-canada-trade-deal-9.6950728\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">restrictions\u00a0<\/a>on Canadian beef exports, which risk damaging some UK agricultural markets. A similar issue was resolved in July 2025 with Australia after Canada was shown to alleviate Australian concerns over tainted beef, reopening Canadian farmers to a vital export\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/food-inspection-agency\/news\/2025\/07\/canadian-beef-gets-access-to-australian-market-once-again-boosting-global-trade-ties-in-the-indo-pacific.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">market<\/a>. July 2025 also restored similar access for New Zealand to Canadian dairy\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/canada-new-zealand-resolve-dairy-trade-dispute-canada-says-2025-07-17\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">markets<\/a>\u00a0after a complaint through the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership\u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.international.gc.ca\/trade-commerce\/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux\/agr-acc\/cptpp-ptpgp\/cptpp_explained-ptpgp_apercu.aspx?lang=eng\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CPTPP<\/a>)\u00a0was brought forward. Suffice it to say, the main disputes which held CANZUK countries back from further free trade with Canada have mostly been resolved. The geopolitical benefits of CANZUK free trade would help to mitigate concerns over competition for industries, which would gain from access to these large markets.<\/p>\n<p>One of the greatest security risks to all CANZUK countries is the rise of China as a superpower and the pressure it exerts. Security, in discussions around China, encompasses traditional military security, which NATO is also heavily invested in. For example, Chinese maritime violations, which pose risks to NATO partners like South Korea and Japan, are traditional risks against which CANZUK countries would be invested against in the Indo-<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/global-conflict-tracker\/conflict\/territorial-disputes-south-china-sea\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Pacific<\/a>.\u00a0But non-military security, specifically economic, is also salient, and China poses economic threats to all four proposed CANZUK states. In the case of Australia, it has been manifested in trade sanctions on Australian\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ussc.edu.au\/chinas-trade-restrictions-on-australian-exports\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">coal\u00a0<\/a>after Australian demands for inquiries into the origin of COVID-19. China has also interfered in Australian legislative\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2023\/feb\/21\/china-is-carrying-out-blatant-influence-operations-in-australia-malcolm-turnbull-says\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">politics<\/a>. Canada has reaped large Chinese tariffs on agricultural products like rapeseed oil, canola oil and meat. This has been widely seen as a retaliatory measure borne of Beijing\u2019s anger at Canada and the United States\u2019 targeting officials and contracts of Huawei Technologies in 2018, a Chinese company accused of utilizing spyware in their\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jfir.or.jp\/en\/studygroup_article\/3491\/#:~:text=Pompeo%2C%20banning%20entry%20into%20China,21%5D%20(Case%2014).\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">devices<\/a>. In January 2026, Canada and China reported they had reached preliminary agreements to lower tariffs on certain Canadian agricultural exports to China like canola\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.international.gc.ca\/news-nouvelles\/2026\/2026-01-16-china-chine.aspx?lang=eng\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">oil<\/a>,\u00a0but the threat of Chinese economic coercion is ever-present.<\/p>\n<p>One field that is paramount to Western cooperation is energy security. Two CANZUK countries, namely Australia and Canada, are among some of the richest countries in the world in terms of their natural resource endowments. Australia holds the third largest proven reserves of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/natural-resources.canada.ca\/minerals-mining\/mining-data-statistics-analysis\/minerals-metals-facts\/coal-facts\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">coal\u00a0<\/a>in the world and the largest reserve of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/country-rankings\/uranium-reserves-by-country\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">uranium<\/a>.\u00a0Canada holds the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/oil\/oil-reserves-by-country\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">fourth largest<\/a>\u00a0proven reserves of oil in the world in the Albertan oil sands and the third-largest reserves of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/world-nuclear.org\/information-library\/nuclear-fuel-cycle\/mining-of-uranium\/world-uranium-mining-production#:~:text=About%20three%2Dquarters%20of%20the,%25)%20and%20Namibia%20(12%25).\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">uranium<\/a>. With China being such a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/public.axsmarine.com\/blog\/how-australia-adjusted-coal-exports-to-china-import-ban\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">huge consumer<\/a>\u00a0of Australian coal, looking to gain\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.asiapacific.ca\/publication\/canadas-oil-exporting-future-trans-mountain-china-asia-and-beyond\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">access to Canadian oil<\/a>\u00a0supplies, and requiring large stockpiles of uranium for its\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/world-nuclear.org\/information-library\/country-profiles\/countries-a-f\/china-nuclear-power\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">growing nuclear energy program<\/a>, CANZUK could allow all four countries with security concerns about China to coordinate restrictions on Chinese access to those resources.<\/p>\n<p>The mutual benefit of CANZUK for its members\u2019 economic performance is compelling. The UK has some of the highest energy and oil bills in the developed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/economy\/economicoutputandproductivity\/output\/articles\/theimpactofhigherenergycostsonukbusinesses\/2021to2024\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">world<\/a>.\u00a0A CANZUK treaty could allow the acceleration and transport of vital energy resources to lower the UK\u2019s energy costs. A CANZUK treaty could also incentivize Canada to work faster to resolve its domestic political battles in the construction of oil pipelines to expedite interprovincial and international trade (whilst still being considerate of the delicate considerations for its indigenous peoples affected by the pipelines).\u00a0The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.adamsmith.org\/blog\/how-industrial-strategy-killed-british-industry#:~:text=According%20to%20analysis%20from%20the,terminal%20challenge%20for%20the%20UK.\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">UK<\/a>, alongside\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ojs.victoria.ac.nz\/LEW\/article\/view\/997\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">New Zealand<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.adamsmith.org\/blog\/how-industrial-strategy-killed-british-industry#:~:text=According%20to%20analysis%20from%20the,terminal%20challenge%20for%20the%20UK.\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u00a0<\/a>are economies with a heavy reliance on the service sector and have both experienced a sharp decline in industry since the 1980s. A CANZUK treaty, which would allow free trade in energy resources like uranium, could\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/oilprice.com\/Energy\/Energy-General\/Britains-Nuclear-Renaissance-Faces-Mounting-Cost-Pressures.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">revitalize the nuclear energy<\/a>\u00a0sector in the UK, whilst benefitting Canada and Australia as export countries, as there would be an incentive to once again invest in infrastructure conducive to nuclear energy. This form of energy, such as Ontario\u2019s small-modular\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/news.ontario.ca\/en\/release\/1002543\/ontario-breaks-ground-on-world-leading-small-modular-reactor\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">reactors<\/a>, is increasingly becoming a vital form of modernization in the developed world in almost every country except\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.base.bund.de\/en\/nuclear-safety\/nuclear-phase-out\/nuclear-phase-out_content.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Germany<\/a>.\u00a0Under CANZUK, countries like the UK will require means like cheaper access to Australian and Canadian resources to keep up with this trend.<\/p>\n<p>Whilst free trade has become devalued in the eyes of some due to the social and economic disparities it can create, the CANZUK countries maintain a political, economic and moral incentive to preserve it as a vital instrument in growth, prosperity and peace. This can be started through its fullest implementation amongst each other. This would allow the pooling of economies together which could rival the might of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.conservativefriendsofcanzuk.uk\/blog\/canzuks-relevance-in-an-era-of-great-power-rivalry\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Japan or the European Union<\/a>\u00a0in financial resources and leverage in international trade. The greatest benefit to Canada would be the potential for rapid industrial development of its oil sector and the negotiating powers it could provide in consideration towards the United States and China. Economically, CANZUK far outweighs the valid concerns over agricultural markets for Canada and could serve as the ultimate example of the middle-power \u201cplurilateralism\u201d that PM Carney preached so recently at the World Economic Forum in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/stories\/2026\/01\/davos-2026-special-address-by-mark-carney-prime-minister-of-canada\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Davos<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/number10gov\/54589808044\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Photo<\/a>: British Prime Minister Keir Starmer joins Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney in the Royal Oak Pub, Ottawa, Canada. (2025) By Number 10,\u00a0Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license.<\/p>\n<p>Disclaimer: Any views or opinions expressed in articles are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NATO Association of Canada.<\/p>\n<p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1783031594_565_unnamed.jpg\" class=\"avatar avatar-80 photo\" height=\"80\" width=\"80\"\/>                                                                                                                                                                                                            <\/p>\n<p>Dai Johnson is a BA graduate in International Politics and History from the University of Liverpool and the University of Toronto. He is a Junior Research Fellow at the NATO Association of Canada within the Society, Culture and Security program. Mr. Johnson is also a Research Analyst for the Plakhov Group focusing on Transatlantic and European affairs. Alongside working with Young Professionals in Foreign Policy (YPFP) &#8211; Toronto, his efforts to foster greater youth involvement in foreign policy is complemented by his initiatives in the Canadian foreign policy sphere.<\/p>\n<p>                                                                        <a href=\"https:\/\/natoassociation.ca\/author\/daijohnson\/\" title=\"View all posts\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                                                                            View all posts<br \/>\n                                                                        <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"* The second in a three-part series Post-WWII planners accepted free trade as a hallmark of Western prosperity,&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":776430,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[49,48,44],"class_list":["post-776429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-canada","tag-ca","tag-canada","tag-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/776429","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=776429"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/776429\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/776430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=776429"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=776429"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=776429"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}