Up First from NPR : NPR

MICHEL MARTIN, HOST:

Good morning, and happy New Year’s Eve, A.

A MARTÍNEZ, HOST:

Oh, that’s right. It’s that time of year. You, too, Michel.

MARTIN: So are you going to stay up until midnight to welcome 2026 in?

MARTÍNEZ: I clock into work at midnight, so I will be asleep…

MARTIN: True (laughter).

MARTÍNEZ: …Until then.

MARTIN: Well, not until then, right?

MARTÍNEZ: No. I guess up until then.

MARTIN: Up until then. OK.

MARTÍNEZ: There you go.

MARTIN: OK, yeah. Know what? Me neither. What was I thinking? No, me neither. But it being the last day of the year, this is also the last day of NPR’s end-of-year fundraising campaign.

MARTÍNEZ: Yeah, that’s right. And it’s not too late to end the year on a high note and invest in a public service that matters to you.

MARTIN: Public radio is about to enter its first full year without federal funding. So we really do need your support now more than ever.

MARTÍNEZ: Yeah. And thank you so much if you’re already an NPR+ supporter or if you’ve already made a year-end donation.

MARTIN: So many listeners have stepped up and shared their stories of why they support public radio, like Ren (ph) in South Carolina, who says, I started listening to NPR against my will as a young teen. My dad would have it on in the kitchen in the morning and for my ride to school. That sounds familiar. Now, as an adult, I follow the same ritual. In a world of shouting, NPR is a calm, steady voice. Thanks for helping to raise me.

MARTÍNEZ: Well, Ren, you sound like a wonderful human being. It sounds like we did a great job raising you. I mean, doesn’t it?

MARTIN: I think so, too.

MARTÍNEZ: Yeah. Yeah.

MARTIN: It does. It does sound like it.

MARTÍNEZ: And your support means so much, and we’ll keep on doing our best to be that calm voice moving forward in 2026.

MARTIN: You can join the community of public radio supporters today by signing up for NPR+.

MARTÍNEZ: Yeah, signing up unlocks a bunch of perks, such as bonus episodes and a lot more from across NPR’s podcasts, and you can support public media while you listen.

MARTIN: Join us at plus.npr.org.

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MARTÍNEZ: The U.S. carried out its first known strike inside Venezuela.

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PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: There was a major explosion in the dock area where they load the boats up with drugs.

MARTIN: President Trump says it sends a message to Nicolas Maduro, but critics warn it could escalate the conflict.

MARTÍNEZ: I’m A Martínez. That’s Michel Martin, and this is UP FIRST from NPR News.

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MARTÍNEZ: In Iran, protests over the economy are spreading. Security forces are cracking down as anger over inflation and sanctions boil over. So is this a short-lived protest or the start of something bigger?

MARTIN: And flu cases are surging across the U.S., with millions already sick and hospitals bracing for more. A new strain is spreading fast and fewer people are getting vaccinated, which makes this flu season different. How can you prepare? Stay with us. We’ll give you the news you need to start your day.

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MARTIN: President Trump’s critics say the American strike on a facility in Venezuela is drawing the U.S. even closer into a more dangerous conflict.

MARTÍNEZ: Trump gave a few new details this week of the attack against a dock in Venezuela, where drugs are allegedly being loaded on boats.

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TRUMP: There was a major explosion in the dock area where they load the boats up with drugs. They load the boats up with drugs, so we hit all the boats, and now we hit the area. It’s a implementation area. That’s where they implement.

MARTÍNEZ: It’s the first known operation inside Venezuela, an escalation of his campaign against the government of Nicolas Maduro.

MARTIN: NPR White House correspondent Franco Ordoñez is with us now from Palm Beach, where President Trump is spending the winter holidays. Good morning, Franco.

FRANCO ORDOÑEZ, BYLINE: Good morning, Michel.

MARTIN: So just give us the big picture here. What is the significance of these latest attacks?

ORDOÑEZ: Yeah. I mean, the president has been warning for weeks that he was prepared to launch land strikes, and he first mentioned this port strike a week ago on a radio show. While he hasn’t been clear about how the strikes were conducted, a U.S. official confirmed to NPR’s Tom Bowman that the CIA struck the dock. Now, until now, the U.S. has focused on strikes on boats it claims are trafficking drugs and some oil tankers. But both of those operations have been taking place in international waters. So this is a really big deal to strike on land. It’s an escalation, but also creates more risks of killing innocent Venezuelans who have nothing to do with any of that stuff.

MARTIN: Also, the lack of congressional input, let alone oversight, as this campaign has escalated is something that has drawn attention, especially some members of Congress, as one might imagine. Wouldn’t it be considered sort of customary and appropriate to at least brief Congress ahead of a strike like this?

ORDOÑEZ: Right. I mean, typically, when presidents have done this in the past, the so-called Gang of Eight would be briefed either before or very soon after. Those are the top senators and House leaders for both parties. You know, it’s just another example, though, of how Trump has sought to build his own power while diminishing Congress’ power. I was speaking with John Feeley, who formerly served as ambassador of Panama, and he says Congress seems to be very slowly inching towards more oversight.

JOHN FEELEY: One of the things that really surprises me is how the Congress has sort of had two attempts to get a War Powers Resolution. They’ve narrowly failed, but they keep coming back to it. And it’s almost sort of like a chicken and an egg.

ORDOÑEZ: Now he sees growing frustration among members of Congress, and he points to the congressional hearings about the recent double-tap boat strikes in international waters off the coast of Venezuela that killed survivors of one initial strike.

MARTIN: You know, one of the things that stands out for me is that if the president did not mention the strike last week, we might not have heard of this. And the reason I point that out is that it’s so much different than these public displays of the boat strikes where the administration issued, you know, video – not as much as some members of Congress and, certainly, members of the public want, but they did make a point of issuing video about it. So what do you make of that?

ORDOÑEZ: Yeah, I mean, the MO really has been to seek as much credit on the strikes. Ambassador Feeley also told me that Trump is trying to send a message to Maduro that the U.S. can get to him anywhere and anytime.

FEELEY: They want to get as much public credit for them. They want to build momentum to provoke regime collapse. They want Nicolas Maduro to sleep poorly at night.

MARTIN: So what are you watching for next, Franco?

ORDOÑEZ: You know, that’s hard to say. Trump said he spoke to Maduro fairly recently, but that he didn’t seem to think it had much of an impact. You know, surely, I’ll be watching for further escalation, perhaps another land strike. But also, Congress is coming back soon, so we’ll see if they have any questions or concerns about these latest moves and the latest escalation.

MARTIN: That is NPR White House correspondent Franco Ordoñez. Franco, thank you.

ORDOÑEZ: Thank you, Michel.

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MARTIN: Iran is seeing its biggest protest in years. Thousands of people have taken to the streets in several cities across the country to protest the economy.

MARTÍNEZ: Inflation in Iran has skyrocketed, and the country’s currency has plummeted to a record low. Anger is growing over sanctions on the country’s ruling government, and businesses have closed as many students have joined the demonstrations.

MARTIN: NPR’s international affairs correspondent Jackie Northam has been following these developments, and she’s with us now to tell us more about it. Good morning, Jackie.

JACKIE NORTHAM, BYLINE: Good morning, Michel.

MARTIN: So first, could you just describe these protests and what prompted them?

NORTHAM: Well, what started this round of protests was, as you say, the economy, which is in very bad shape. You know, Iran has struggled under sanctions for more than a decade. And because of that, its oil exports, which are the lifeblood of the country’s economy, are sharply curtailed. And so, too, is investment. The local currency, the rial, has plummeted. Inflation is running over 40%. And the government recently published a draft of the budget, which predicted that the real incomes of the salaried middle class will fall by about half. So on top of everything else, that seemed to ignite these protests.

MARTIN: How is the regime reacting to these protests so far?

NORTHAM: We’re starting to see the security forces crack down. You know, there are videos on social media showing them firing tear gas into the crowd. Also, the authorities today announced a shutdown of government offices, banks, schools, universities across more than 20 provinces, and they said it was due to cold weather. They didn’t mention the protests. The country’s moderate president, Masoud Pezeshkian, is urging the regime to listen to what he called the legitimate demands of the protesters. As far as the economy, the head of the central bank resigned, and the bank started throwing U.S. dollars into the market to help prop up the rial, which helped a bit, but, you know, it doesn’t have unlimited resources to do that.

I spoke with Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, and he’s an economics professor at Virginia Tech specializing in the Iranian economy. And he said another thing is that the 12-day war with Israel this past summer was expensive, and there’s a widespread belief now that Israel will start another war, which is smothering investment.

DJAVAD SALEHI-ISFAHANI: That introduces a kind of uncertainty into an economy that’s already very uncertain because of sanctions, because of government policies. So you have kind of a perfect storm now reaching over Iran’s economy.

NORTHAM: And, Michel, the threat of another war grew larger when President Trump said on Monday that the U.S. would back an Israeli attack if Iran appeared to be building up its nuclear weapons and ballistic missile programs.

MARTIN: And, Jackie, given what’s going on in Iran right now, is there a sense that this could threaten the regime?

NORTHAM: The protests haven’t reached that point yet, Michel. You know, there was a serious challenge to the regime in 2022 during an uprising after an Iranian woman died in police custody after being arrested for not wearing a headscarf. And, you know, those protests lasted for over a month, and more than 500 people were killed, 20,000 people were arrested. You know, we are a long way from that. But there’s been anger and frustration for months in Iran over severe water and energy shortages, civil rights abuses and widespread corruption. You add all this on to the protests about the economy, and, you know, there are serious concerns that this could spiral into something much larger.

MARTIN: And before we let you go, President Trump said on Monday that the U.S. would back an Israeli attack if Iran appeared to be building up its nuclear weapons and ballistic missile programs. How has Iran reacted to that?

NORTHAM: Well, they said they would come down hard. They said that they would retaliate in kind to anything that the U.S. can throw at Iran. You know, at the end of the day, the hope is that there can be some negotiations, but neither side are in the position to start those.

MARTIN: That is NPR international affairs correspondent Jackie Northam. Jackie, thank you.

NORTHAM: Thank you.

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MARTIN: This year’s flu season is shaping up to be a particularly bad one.

MARTÍNEZ: Yeah, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have released the latest numbers on how influenza is spreading across the country, and, well, it’s not a pretty picture.

MARTIN: NPR’s Gabrielle Emanuel is with us now to tell us more about this. Gabrielle, thank you so much for joining us.

GABRIELLE EMANUEL, BYLINE: Hi.

MARTIN: How bad is it?

EMANUEL: Well, if you look at the CDC map, a lot of the country is showing up the highest level of flu activity, particularly the Eastern Seaboard, the Midwest, the South. The CDC estimates there have been 7.5 million cases so far this season, up from some 4 million just the week before. And remember; the flu can be deadly. There have already been more than 3,000 deaths this season. Lisa Grohskopf is a medical officer at the CDC.

LISA GROHSKOPF: We anticipate that we are not at the peak and that we’re probably going to see increases in the coming weeks.

EMANUEL: Experts say the virus is moving, and they expect the entire country to see high case counts soon.

MARTIN: So what’s driving this surge?

EMANUEL: Well, one big factor is a new strain called subclade K. It’s caused huge number of cases from Australia to Japan to the U.K. Here is Florian Krammer of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York.

FLORIAN KRAMMER: Because it changed, there’s less immunity to it, and that’s allowing the virus to spread very quickly and extensively.

EMANUEL: The good news is it doesn’t seem to be more severe or dangerous and our treatments still work against it. But the genetic changes in the virus mean the flu vaccine this year is a bit of a mismatch. That’s because the vaccine had already been formulated before this strain emerged. However, early data from the U.K. suggests that the vaccine is still quite effective at keeping people from getting so sick they end up in the hospital.

MARTIN: OK, so it doesn’t keep you from getting the flu, but it does keep you from getting so sick.

EMANUEL: Right.

MARTIN: OK. So this year, there’s been a lot of upheaval at the CDC. I think a lot of people may remember that. Is their flu data still considered accurate?

EMANUEL: Yes, both people outside and inside the agency have told me that the quality of the data looks good. But some have raised concerns about the lack of a strong flu vaccination campaign from the federal government. Here’s Andrew Pekosz of John Hopkins University.

ANDREW PEKOSZ: So I think a lack of a real push for influenza vaccines through agencies like the CDC could be contributing to some of the reduced vaccination rates that we’re seeing.

EMANUEL: Adult flu vaccination rates are just above 40%. That number’s been trending down for several years. The CDC’s Grohskopf told me getting vaccinated was one of the most important things you can do. But I should add, I got a follow-up email from a different CDC spokesperson saying vaccines are a personal choice and that people should speak to their health care providers about the risks and benefits.

MARTIN: So in addition to vaccines, what else can people do?

EMANUEL: All the basic precautions, like hand-washing and masking, do work. And it’s good to remember there are antiviral treatments, and they work best if you get them early – within the first two days of symptoms. So getting one of those at-home rapid tests for flu can be a good idea, and knowing how to contact a provider just in case you need a prescription is also a good idea.

MARTIN: That is NPR’s Gabrielle Emanuel. Gabrielle, thank you so much.

EMANUEL: Thank you.

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MARTIN: And that’s UP FIRST for Wednesday, December 31. Happy New Year’s Eve. I’m Michel Martin.

MARTÍNEZ: And I’m A Martínez. Thank you for starting your mornings with us this year, and also for trusting us to give you the news you need to start your day. Now, if you’re looking for more reporting and more conversations, you can always find our radio show Morning Edition and a lot more NPR content on the NPR app. Listener support is what makes all of this possible, so please consider joining the community of public radio supporters today by signing up for NPR+.

MARTIN: Today’s episode of UP FIRST was edited by Rebekah Metzler, James Hider, Rebecca Davis, Mohamad ElBardicy and Alice Woelfle. It was produced by Ziad Buchh, Nia Dumas and Christopher Thomas. We get engineering support from Stacey Abbott, and our technical director is Carleigh Strange. Our supervising producer is Michael Lipkin. Join us again next year, which is tomorrow.

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