If we gift my house to our daughter and continue to live in it, I understand we would have to pay full market rent.
If we survive for seven years after the gift has been made, does our daughter take full ownership of the property?
Do we then have to continue paying full market rent to continue living in the property, or can we stop paying her?
Would any other tax be payable by either us or our daughter? J.P, via email
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As most people’s largest asset, removing the family home from your estate could significantly slash your inheritance tax liability
Harvey Dorset, of This is Money, replies: With the inheritance tax threshold frozen and pensions being dragged into the net from 2027, people are increasingly looking towards gifting as a way to pass wealth on early.
A very common theme that crops up in questions that we get to the This is Money inbox is whether people can pass on the family home while they are still alive to dodge a future potential inheritance tax bill.
As it’s most people’s largest asset, removing the family home from an estate could significantly slash their inheritance tax liability.
But things aren’t as simple as many people think. You rightly say that you are required to pay full market rent if you continue to live in the property, but wonder whether this would still be the case after seven years have passed.
We spoke to two financial advisers to ask them to explain the details.
You need to continue paying market rent during the time you continue to live in the property, Gibson says
Samantha Gibson, senior wealth planner, Canaccord Wealth, replies: This is a very common query, particularly since the announced changes to inheritance tax (IHT) – more not only want to mitigate their potential IHT bill where possible, but also help their families who will be the ones responsible for paying this bill.
However, we would never normally advocate using the principal residence as part of the IHT plan – giving away the main property is rarely a good solution as the risks are considerable.Â
This is an extremely complex area, and we would always recommend people seek appropriate advice from their financial planner.
When does your daughter ‘own’ the property?Â
From the date you transfer the property to your daughter, she will become the sole owner of the property, with full legal ownership. From the date of transfer – assuming you survive seven years – this will no longer form part of your estate for IHT purposes.Â
Should you die within that seven-year period, the gift will ‘fail’ meaning the value of the initial gift (the value of the property on transfer) will be brought back into your estate for the purpose of IHT calculation
If you are transferring a jointly owned property (e.g husband and wife) to your daughter, this rule will only apply on the date of the second death, as there is – currently – no IHT due between spouses.
Do you have to pay rent after seven years pass?
You need to continue paying market rent during the time you continue to live in the property – a failure to do so, or if you are paying a reduced rent, means the gift could fail, as the gift has been made with reservation of benefit, so will be likely deemed an asset on death.Â
This will then be calculated for IHT purposes as part of your overall estate and IHT will be due as though this asset remained in your name.
Detailed records, tenancy agreements, annual reviews and formal landlord insurance, rental management company fees would bolster your argument for this being a qualifying gift.
Will any other tax be payable?
In addition to the solicitor fees related to transferring a property – which can be paid by either party – your daughter will be required to pay tax on any rental income she receives.
This could have further implications on her personal tax situation, and we would recommend she seeks advice on this.Â
If your daughter is currently in receipt of child benefit, council benefits or is on the cusp of higher tax bands, this could significantly impact her tax position and could result in your daughter paying a higher rate of tax.
She will be required to complete a tax return annually and this could incur additional administration and costs for her.
As described above, in the event of death within a seven-year period, the gift would still count as part of your estate, for IHT purposes. However, in years four, five, six and seven the tax rate tapers by 20 per cent each year to zero. Depending on the overall estate value, this may reduce the impact of IHT.
Other factors to considerYour daughter will own the home, so if she were to divorce (if she’s married) or if she becomes bankrupt at any point, the home could be at risk of a forced sale.If your daughter is the legal owner, she has complete freedom to do what she wants with this property when she wants. She may opt to sell it at any time, and you have no guarantee that you will be able to remain living in the property as long as you intend. If there were to be a family disagreement or falling out, this could cause significant stress to all involved.In time there is a risk it could impact long term care planning, as some councils may see this as deprivation of assets, if you are anticipating local council support for long term care costs in the future. If there is no specific rule as to when the gift was made, this would be excluded – this gets assessed on an individual basis at the time and varies between councils.Before making this decision, please consider the emotional impact and the potential future problems that could arise by gifting away your home, it is always possible that government legislation will change in the future and as this is not something that can be easily unwound. It is important to think long and hard about all the different scenarios before going ahead.Ask a financial planning question
If you have a financial planning or advice question, ask our experts by emailing financialplanning@thisismoney.co.uk.Â
Please include as many details as possible. We will do our best to cover it, but cannot answer everyone or correspond privately. Nothing constitutes regulated financial advice. Questions may be edited for brevity or other reasons.
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Gifting your home to your daughter can be beneficial, but it must be done correctly, Bruce says
The essential elements of giving your home away
Russell Bruce, independent financial adviser at Flying Colours, replies: Gifting your home to your daughter can be an effective estate-planning tool, but it comes with important inheritance tax (IHT), income tax and legal considerations.Â
If you give away the property but continue living in it, the rules become more complicated, and paying full market rent is essential to avoid the ‘gift with reservation of benefit’ rules.
Legal ownership and the seven-year rule
Your daughter becomes the legal owner immediately when the gift is made. The seven-year rule only affects whether the gift is fully outside your estate for IHT purposes.Â
However, surviving seven years does not allow you to start living in the property rent-free. Because you continue to benefit from it, the only way to prevent the gift being treated as still part of your estate is to:
• pay full market rent
• ensure the rent is reviewed periodically to remain at market level
• have a proper tenancy or occupancy agreement in place
If you stop paying rent at any point, the property becomes a gift with reservation, meaning it is treated as still part of your estate for IHT, even if you survive the seven years. In short: Yes, your daughter owns it outright after the gift. No, you cannot stop paying rent after seven years if you wish to keep it out of your estate.
Other tax considerations
• Income Tax – Your daughter must pay income tax on the rent she receives from you.
• Capital Gains Tax (CGT) – If your daughter later sells the property, she may be liable for CGT on any increase in value since the date of the gift, unless it becomes her main residence.
• Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) – Not usually payable on a gift unless your daughter takes over a mortgage or provides consideration.
• Care Fees – Local authorities may treat the transfer as a ‘deliberate deprivation of assets’ if the gift is made to avoid care costs.
What you gain
• Potentially reduces the value of your estate for IHT purposes.
• Simplifies matters for your daughter upon death.
• Allows you to plan ahead and ensure the property passes to your chosen beneficiary.
• If you pay market rent and survive seven years, the gift should fall outside your estate.
Help with financial advice and planning
Financial planning can help you grow your wealth, sort your pension, or make sure your finances are as tax efficient as possible.
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