Blockchain analytics firm TRM Labs has reported that illicit stablecoin activity surged to approximately $141 billion in 2025, the highest annual total seen in five years. Based on the latest analysis of on-chain illicit stablecoin transactions, the increase shows how digital dollars like USDT and USDC are being used extensively by sanctioned networks and illicit actors, even as legitimate adoption is growing globally.

TRM’s findings, released this week, highlight the dual role stablecoins play in the digital economy. While they power uses such as online payments, salaries, and cross-border transactions, they are also a key infrastructure layer for illicit stablecoin activities and value transfer in sanction evasion schemes.

Sanctions Evasion and Illicit Networks Dominate Stablecoin Losses

According to TRM Labs data, 86 % of all illicit crypto funds in 2025 were tied to sanctions-related activity, with stablecoins serving as the primary transfers. Of the estimated $141 billion in illicit stablecoin movement, roughly $72 billion was linked to activity involving a ruble-pegged token known as A7A5.

TRM’s analysis also shows that Russian-linked networks remain central to this development, with interconnected activity involving China, Iran, North Korea, and Venezuela. These systems use stablecoins’ liquidity and cross-border accessibility to move funds rapidly across jurisdictions.

Beyond state-linked sanctions evasion, illicit marketplaces and guarantee platforms facilitating payments for goods and services outside legal structures saw a surge in stablecoin usage. Platforms such as Huione recorded quarterly volumes exceeding $17 billion by late 2025, with activity predominantly denominated in stablecoins. TRM noted that about 99 % of this volume was in stablecoins, indicating these venues function more as value settlement infrastructure for illicit finance than typical speculative markets.

1% of Total Stablecoin Volume Lost to Illicit Stablecoin Activity 

Despite reaching a five-year peak, illicit stablecoin moves represent only a small fraction of overall stablecoin activity. TRM Labs stated that total stablecoin transaction volume in 2025 was around $12 trillion, meaning that the $141 billion in illicit use equates to about 1% of total stablecoin volume, roughly on par with broader crypto frauds, where illicit transactions make up a minority share despite their high figures.

That relative share has also decreased over the years from 1.3% of on-chain transaction volume in 2024 to approximately 1% in 2025. This relative progress can be attributed to the presence of stronger security and regulatory measures across various jurisdictions, mandating users, operators, and stablecoin issuers to maintain expected KYC and AML standards.  

Still, as lawmakers in the US, the European Union, and Asia refine oversight frameworks, regulators have emphasized the need for stricter laws and sanctions on non-compliant entities. 

But for now, TRM Labs’ findings show that illicit stablecoin activity abounds and digital dollar rails are still being exploited despite existing regulations around legitimate global usage. With sanctions evasion dominating illicit activities and compliance getting better, regulators and industry players are intensifying efforts to monitor and mitigate such activities that can hinder the growth of stablecoin adoption.