In recent times we have seen the rise of cloud computing, the growth of data management and the arrival of artificial intelligence (AI) into every workplace.

Just keeping pace with changes in IT is a daily challenge. Now, another transformative wave is on the horizon: quantum computing.

While it might sound like something out of science fiction, the implications of quantum computing for engineering companies are profound and far-reaching.

Within the next couple of years, quantum computing will be as relevant to the engineering industry as AI has become, and understanding its potential and preparing for its arrival is no longer optional; it’s a strategic imperative.

Demystifying the quantum realm

Quantum computers aren’t just faster than conventional computers, they are designed to tackle specific, complex problems that are currently impossible, even for the world’s most powerful supercomputers.

While most quantum computers currently remain in research labs, outside the budget of all but the biggest and richest companies, another type of quantum computer, called a quantum annealer, is already commercially viable.

More akin to a traditional computer processor, the quantum annealer is particularly adept at solving optimisation problems, which are a vast category of challenges faced by businesses of all sizes, that involve finding the best possible solution from an enormous number of options.

The quantum advantage

While the most sophisticated quantum computers are still a decade or more away from widespread use, the implications for businesses, including engineering firms and manufacturers, are already emerging.

Think about the complex challenges faced by the UK engineering sector. For instance, a civil engineering firm planning a major infrastructure project, like a new rail link, might use quantum computing to optimise the sourcing and delivery of materials from hundreds of suppliers across the country.

A quantum annealer could simultaneously calculate the most cost-effective suppliers, optimal transport routes, and just-in-time delivery schedules to multiple construction sites, minimising downtime, storage costs, and project delays.

An aerospace or automotive manufacturer could revolutionise its design and testing processes. Quantum computers are exceptionally well-suited for simulating molecular and atomic structures and this capability could allow a design team to model and test new composite materials, lightweight alloys, or more efficient battery chemistries entirely in silico.

This would drastically reduce the need for physical prototyping, accelerating R&D cycles and cutting costs significantly while creating stronger, lighter, and more sustainable components.

For precision engineering companies producing high-value components, production line optimisation is crucial. Quantum algorithms can analyse vast datasets from IoT sensors on machinery to identify microscopic inefficiencies and predict maintenance needs before a breakdown occurs.

This could enable a factory to move from scheduled maintenance to predictive maintenance, maximising machine uptime, reducing waste, and ensuring consistent, high-quality output.

Even smaller specialist fabricators deal with complex logistical puzzles. A quantum computer could solve the notorious “knapsack problem” for cutting raw materials like steel beams or composite sheets, calculating the most efficient way to nest parts to minimise waste off-cuts.

For an industry working with expensive materials on tight margins, a few percentage points of saved material translates into substantial financial and environmental gains.

Changes to cybersecurity

While the opportunities of quantum computing are immense, it also presents a critical challenge, particularly in the realm of cybersecurity.

One of the most talked-about implications is its potential to break current encryption standards. Algorithms that can be run on sufficiently powerful quantum computers could render much of today’s online security obsolete.

This means that sensitive design files, proprietary manufacturing processes, confidential client data, and secure industrial control systems which are safe today, could become vulnerable in the future.

This transition is referred to as the “post-quantum cryptography” (PQC) era and it is crucial to understand that you don’t need a quantum computer to implement PQC.

PQC algorithms are designed to run on conventional systems and they offer protection against quantum threats. Businesses of all sizes can start to prepare for PQC now, with a target deadline of 2030 for transitioning critical systems.

For an engineering firm, protecting its intellectual property is paramount; preparing for PQC is not just an IT task, but a vital step to safeguard your competitive advantage.

Preparing for the quantum future

So, what concrete steps can your small business take today to prepare for the quantum revolution?

Conduct a feasibility analysis: The first and most crucial step is to understand what quantum computing is and what it can (and cannot) do for your business. You don’t need to become a quantum physicist; focus on understanding the types of problems quantum computers are good at solving, particularly optimisation and simulation. Consider the computational requirements and data complexity of the problems you face.

Start small and experiment: You don’t need to buy a quantum computer – many providers offer QCaaS, allowing you to access quantum computing power via the cloud. This is the most practical way for small businesses to experiment.

Internal training: Invest in “quantum literacy” for your core team. This doesn’t mean everyone needs to be a programmer. It means fostering an understanding of the concepts and potential applications. Workshops, online courses), and internal knowledge-sharing sessions can be highly effective.

External partnerships: Explore collaborations with universities, research institutions, or quantum computing companies. Many universities have departments focused on quantum technologies and may be open to partnerships or student projects that could benefit your business. Building these relationships can provide access to expertise and cutting-edge research.

Have a transition plan: Start planning how you will migrate to quantum-resistant cryptography. This might involve software upgrades, hardware changes, or working with your IT provider. Aim to have a plan in place by 2025-2026 to be ready for the 2030 deadline.

Form a project team or assign a champion: Designate an individual or a small group to stay informed about quantum developments relevant to your industry. This “quantum champion” can research new applications, monitor trends, and identify potential opportunities or threats.

Re-evaluate your business plan: As quantum computing matures, it will unlock new possibilities. Consider how these advancements might impact your business model. Could you offer new services based on quantum-enhanced analytics?

The quantum leap is happening, and the businesses that embrace it today will be the ones defining the landscape of tomorrow. Don’t wait for the future to arrive; start building your quantum-ready strategy now.

Iain Wham is managing director of Innovec, an IT support provider based in Scotland