IN A NUTSHELL
🚀 China’s successful test of the Long March 10 rocket highlights its rapid advancements in space technology.
🌌 The YF-100K engines have positioned China at the forefront of the global space race.
🌍 China’s international collaborations in space exploration reflect its strategic diplomatic approach.
📉 NASA faces challenges with delays and technical issues, allowing China to potentially surpass the U.S. in space exploration.
As Western nations grapple with delays in their lunar missions, China is forging ahead with an ambitious space program that could redefine global leadership in space exploration. The launch of the Long March 10 rocket marks a pivotal moment, showcasing China’s technological prowess and strategic intent. With the possibility that China may be the first to set foot on Mars, the stakes have never been higher in the global space race. The world is watching as China systematically prepares to challenge the status quo and potentially surpass its competitors in space exploration.
The Launch Pad Revolution
On August 15, 2025, the ground at Wenchang shook with a controlled fury. It was the result of a monumental test involving seven YF-100K engines, signaling a significant shift in the global space race. This moment marked China’s first real-world test of the Long March 10 rocket, a formidable lunar vehicle. The test demonstrated a formidable 900 tons of thrust, sending ripples of concern well beyond China’s borders. This static test was the largest of its kind ever performed in China, underscoring the nation’s rapid advancements in space technology.
The successful test at Wenchang stands in stark contrast to NASA’s ongoing delays with its Artemis missions. With schedules for Artemis 2 and 3 slipping further into the future, the United States appears to be struggling to keep pace with China’s clockwork-like progress. As NASA deals with setbacks, China continues to advance methodically, highlighting a growing gap in the capabilities of these two space giants.
China’s Rapid Catch-Up
China’s Long March 10 is more than just a rocket; it’s a symbol of power designed to disrupt the landscape of space research. Standing 92.5 meters tall in its lunar version, it outmatches its Western counterparts in several key areas. With a liftoff mass of 2,187 tons and 21 YF-100K engines, the rocket boasts a capacity to deliver 27 tons to lunar transfer orbit.
The table below compares the Long March 10 with its Western rivals:
Long March 10
Falcon Heavy
Starship
Height
92.5 m
70 m
120 m
Diameter
5 m (3 cores)
3.7 m (3 cores)
9 m
Liftoff Mass
2,187 tons
1,420 tons
~5,000 tons
Number of Engines
21 × YF-100K
27 × Merlin 1D
33 Raptor (booster) + 6 (ship)
Thrust at Liftoff
2,676 tons
2,280 tons
7,500 tons
LEO Capacity
70 tons
63.8 tons
100-150 tons
TLI Capacity
27 tons
~20 tons
~100 tons (with refueling)
First Flight
2027
2018 (operational)
2023 (tests)
Status
In testing
Operational
In development
Liu Yunfeng, Deputy Director of the International Cooperation Department of the China National Space Administration, is open about China’s expansive ambitions. He highlighted the international collaboration aspect of upcoming Chang’e missions, illustrating China’s new diplomatic approach in space.
The Chang’e-7 mission will carry six international scientific instruments, and Chang’e-8 will offer 200 kilograms of international payload capacity, attracting over 30 applications.
https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/08/nasa-faces-backlash-this-threatens-global-peace-over-origami-inspired-spacecraft-design-revolution/
The Lunar Conquest Timeline
China’s lunar strategy unfolds through a meticulously planned series of steps, akin to a well-choreographed space ballet:
Step 1 (2026): First test flight of the Long March 10A, a lighter version of the main launcher. This 220-foot rocket will test systems in Earth orbit, including with the Mengzhou spacecraft.
Step 2 (2027): Inaugural launch of the complete Long March 10, in its 305-foot tri-core configuration. The 21 YF-100K engines will deliver their maximum thrust of 2,676 tons.
Step 3 (2028-2030): Manned missions to the Moon in a dual-launch configuration. The first flight will carry the crew in the Mengzhou spacecraft, while the second will transport the Lanyue lander. The two elements will rendezvous in lunar orbit for the long-awaited landing.
Step 4 (2035): Construction of the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) at the South Pole, in collaboration with 13 partner countries. This monumental project aims to transform the Moon into a permanent human outpost.
The Alliance of the Excluded
As the 29 countries aligned with the Artemis Accords under Washington’s leadership, China and Russia are quietly building their own network of allies. Thirteen nations have already joined the ILRS project: Belarus, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Venezuela, South Africa, Egypt, Thailand, Serbia, Nicaragua, Senegal, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and Bolivia.
This coalition of “excluded” nations offers significant advantages. Unlike Artemis partners often constrained by U.S. restrictions, the ILRS allies enjoy complete freedom of action. These pragmatic agreements provide China access to strategic launch sites, such as the one planned in Djibouti.
The Flaws in the American Giant
While China advances, the United States falters. The repeated delays of the Artemis program reveal troubling structural weaknesses. The heat shield issue with Orion, discovered post-Artemis 1, highlights these dysfunctions. Two years after the mission, NASA still struggles to address this unexpected erosion, endangering future crew safety.
Pam Melroy, NASA Deputy Administrator, recently attempted to explain this major technical setback:
The challenge concerns how the Orion capsule re-enters the Earth’s atmosphere after returning from deep space. The spacecraft uses a technique called “skip re-entry,” resembling a stone skipping across a pond’s surface to slow its descent.
This analogy barely conceals the embarrassment of an agency grappling with issues it should have anticipated. Meanwhile, Chinese engineers continue refining their systems with meticulous precision. NASA’s reliance on private companies like SpaceX further complicates the situation.
The American budget reveals additional concerns. With $25.4 billion allocated to NASA in 2025, the U.S. maintains its financial lead. However, this budgetary superiority masks a declining efficiency. China, with an estimated budget between $8 billion and $11 billion, achieves proportionally more than its American rival. China’s state-run space program operates more like a business, mirroring Elon Musk’s model.
The stakes in the space race extend far beyond national prestige. Controlling lunar resources, especially the icy reserves at the South Pole, offers a significant strategic advantage for future space exploration. The Moon is becoming the new battleground for Sino-American rivalry, with geopolitical consequences that will resonate for decades. As many countries agree that the Moon belongs to no one, some are tempted to treat it as an extension of their territory. Will China catch up to the U.S.? The answer may come as soon as 2026.
This article is based on verified sources and supported by editorial technologies.
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