Mitchell JE, Peterson CB. Anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1343–51. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1803175.
Brown C, Mehler PS. Medical complications of anorexia nervosa and their treatments: an update on some critical aspects. Eat Weight Disord. 2015;20:419–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-015-0202-3.
Mehler PS, Brown C. Anorexia nervosa – medical complications. J Eat Disord. 2015;3:11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-015-0040-8.
Støving RK. Mechanisms in endocrinology: Anorexia nervosa and endocrinology: a clinical update. Eur J Endocrinol. 2019;180:R9-r27. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-18-0596.
Arcelus J, Mitchell AJ, Wales J, Nielsen S. Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders: a meta-analysis of 36 studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:724–31. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74.
Löwe B, Zipfel S, Buchholz C, Dupont Y, Reas DL, Herzog W. Long-term outcome of anorexia nervosa in a prospective 21-year follow-up study. Psychol Med. 2001;31:881–90. https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329170100407x.
Goldhaber SZ, Bounameaux H. Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. Lancet. 2012;379:1835–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61904-1.
Heit JA. Epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2015;12:464–74. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2015.83.
Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364:937–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9.
Anzengruber D, Klump KL, Thornton L, Brandt H, Crawford S, Fichter MM, et al. Smoking in eating disorders. Eat Behav. 2006;7:291–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2006.06.005.
Lloyd EC, Reed ZE, Wootton RE. The absence of association between anorexia nervosa and smoking: converging evidence across two studies. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2023;32:1229–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01918-z.
Derman T, Szabo CP. Why do individuals with anorexia die? A case of sudden death. Int J Eat Disord. 2006;39:260–2. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20229.
Abdelhadi Z, Bladbjerg EM, Jensen DM, Schousboe A, Støving RK. Venous thromboembolism in anorexia nervosa: four cases from a specialized unit. Indication for thromboprophylaxis? Eat Weight Disord. 2020;25:1833–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-019-00830-5.
Lloyd-Jones DM, Ning H, Labarthe D, Brewer L, Sharma G, Rosamond W, et al. Status of cardiovascular health in US adults and children using the American Heart Association’s New “Life’s Essential 8” metrics: prevalence estimates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013 Through 2018. Circulation. 2022;146:822–35. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060911.
Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, et al. 2024 heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001209.
Hussain AA, Hübel C, Hindborg M, Lindkvist E, Kastrup AM, Yilmaz Z, et al. Increased lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52:611–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23051.
Mimura Y, Shimizu Y, Oi H, Kurose S, Kudo S, Takata T, et al. Case series: ischemic stroke associated with dehydration and arteriosclerosis in individuals with severe anorexia nervosa. J Eat Disord. 2021;9:39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-021-00393-w.
García-Rubira JC, Hidalgo R, Gómez-Barrado JJ, Romero D, Cruz Fernández JM. Anorexia nervosa and myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol. 1994;45:138–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5273(94)90270-4.
Marcolini F, Arnone G, Weston C, Tempia Valenta S, Zini A, De Ronchi D, et al. A case report about anorexia nervosa and ischemic stroke: what can we learn? J Eat Disord. 2024;12:111. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-024-01074-0.
Tseng M-CM, Chiou K-R, Shao JY-H, Liu H-Y. Incidence and risk of cardiovascular outcomes in patients with anorexia nervosa. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7:e2451094. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.51094.
Ogston D, Ogston WD. The fibrinolytic enzyme system in anorexia nervosa. Acta Haematol. 1976;55:230–3. https://doi.org/10.1159/000208019.
Gaudiani JL, Kashuk JL, Chu ES, Narayanan V, Mehler PS. The use of thrombelastography to determine coagulation status in severe anorexia nervosa: a case series. Int J Eat Disord. 2010;43:382–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20691.
Samodova D, Hoel A, Hansen TH, Clausen L, Telléus GK, Marti HP, et al. Plasma proteome profiling reveals metabolic and immunologic differences between anorexia nervosa subtypes. Metabolism. 2024;152:155760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155760.
Pedersen CB. The Danish Civil Registration System. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(7 Suppl):22–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494810387965.
World Health Organisation. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. 1992.
Lynge E, Sandegaard JL, Rebolj M. The Danish National Patient Register. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(7 Suppl):30–3. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494811401482.
Wallach Kildemoes H, Toft Sørensen H, Hallas J. The Danish National Prescription Registry. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(7_suppl):38–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494810394717.
Støving RK, Larsen PV, Winkler LA-D, Bilenberg N, Røder ME, Steinhausen H-C. Time trends in treatment modes of anorexia nervosa in a nationwide cohort with free and equal access to treatment. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;53:1952–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23378.
Lidegaard Ø, Løkkegaard E, Jensen A, Skovlund CW, Keiding N. Thrombotic stroke and myocardial infarction with hormonal contraception. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:2257–66. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1111840.
Meaidi A, Mascolo A, Sessa M, Toft-Petersen AP, Skalsv R, Gerds TA, et al. Venous thromboembolism with use of hormonal contraception and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: nationwide cohort study. BMJ. 2023;382:e074450. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-074450.
Fine JP, Gray RJ. A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. J Am Stat Assoc. 1999;94:496–509. https://doi.org/10.2307/2670170.
Lidegaard Ø, Løkkegaard E, Svendsen AL, Agger C. Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism: national follow-up study. BMJ. 2009;339:b2890. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2890.
Wu WY, Berman AN, Biery D, Blankstein R. Recent trends in acute myocardial infarction among the young. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2020;35(5):524–30. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCO.0000000000000781.
Lu Y, Li SX, Liu Y, Rodriguez F, Watson KE, Dreyer RP, et al. Sex-specific risk factors associated with first acute myocardial infarction in young adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5:e229953. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.9953.
Jortveit J, Pripp AH, Langørgen J, Halvorsen S. Incidence, risk factors and outcome of young patients with myocardial infarction. Heart. 2020;106:1420–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2019-316067.
Hussain AA, Carlsson J, Mortensen EL, Hemmingsen SD, Bulik CM, Støving RK, et al. A naturalistic study of plasma lipid alterations in female patients with anorexia nervosa before and after weight restoration treatment. J Eat Disord. 2024;12:92. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-024-01055-3.
Steinhausen HC, Villumsen MD, Hørder K, Winkler LA, Bilenberg N, Støving RK. Increased risk of somatic diseases following anorexia nervosa in a controlled nationwide cohort study. Int J Eat Disord. 2022;55:754–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23718.
Erdur L, Kallenbach-Dermutz B, Lehmann V, Zimmermann-Viehoff F, Köpp W, Weber C, et al. Somatic comorbidity in anorexia nervosa: first results of a 21-year follow-up study on female inpatients. Biopsychosoc Med. 2012;6:4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0759-6-4.
Momen NC, Plana-Ripoll O, Yilmaz Z, Thornton LM, McGrath JJ, Bulik CM, et al. Comorbidity between eating disorders and psychiatric disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2022;55:505–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23687.
Guinhut M, Godart N, Benadjaoud MA, Melchior JC, Hanachi M. Five-year mortality of severely malnourished patients with chronic anorexia nervosa admitted to a medical unit. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2021;143:130–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13261.
Søeby M, Gribsholt SB, Clausen L, Richelsen B. Overall and cause-specific mortality in anorexia nervosa; impact of psychiatric comorbidity and sex in a 40-year follow-up study. Int J Eat Disord. 2024;57:1842–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.24223.
Larsen JT, Yilmaz Z, Bulik CM, Albiñana C, Vilhjálmsson BJ, Mortensen PB, et al. Diagnosed eating disorders in Danish registers – incidence, prevalence, mortality, and polygenic risk. Psychiatry Res. 2024;337:115927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115927.
Schmidt M, Schmidt SA, Sandegaard JL, Ehrenstein V, Pedersen L, Sørensen HT. The Danish National Patient Registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential. Clin Epidemiol. 2015;7:449–90. https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.S91125.
Schmidt M, Cannegieter SC, Johannesdottir SA, Dekkers OM, Horváth-Puhó E, Sørensen HT. Statin use and venous thromboembolism recurrence: a combined nationwide cohort and nested case–control study. J Thromb Haemost. 2014;12:1207–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.12604.
Severinsen MT, Kristensen SR, Overvad K, Dethlefsen C, Tjønneland A, Johnsen SP. Venous thromboembolism discharge diagnoses in the Danish National Patient Registry should be used with caution. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63:223–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.03.018.
Østergaard L, Olesen JB, Petersen JK, Nielsen LS, Kristensen SL, Schou M, et al. Arterial thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation and CHA2DS2-VASc score 1: a nationwide study. Circulation. 2024;149:764–73. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.066477.
Sundbøll J, Adelborg K, Munch T, Frøslev T, Sørensen HT, Bøtker HE, et al. Positive predictive value of cardiovascular diagnoses in the Danish National Patient Registry: a validation study. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e012832. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012832.
Egedal JM, Støving RK, Lynggaard RB, Laursen MS, Vinholt PJ, Hansen RS. Validation of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa diagnosis coding in Danish hospitals assisted by a natural language processing model. J Psychiatr Res. 2024;179:266–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.018.
Cheng Y-J, Liu Z-H, Yao F-J, Zeng W-T, Zheng D-D, Dong Y-G, et al. Current and former smoking and risk for venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2013;10:e1001515. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001515.
Tolstrup JS, Hvidtfeldt UA, Flachs EM, Spiegelman D, Heitmann BL, Bälter K, et al. Smoking and risk of coronary heart disease in younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Am J Public Health. 2014;104:96–102. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301091.