Research using video games found that macaques, like humans, have a tendency to actively explore stimuli with a moderate level of uncertainty
Monkeys voluntarily spent long periods playing a touchscreen video game for a new study, driven purely by curiosity without any food reward, leaving scientists stumped.
The findings, according to researchers, can lead to a better understanding of how curiosity drives animal behaviour.
Curiosity operates independent of extrinsic rewards like food or mating opportunities and drives animals to explore their environments. But exactly how some parts of any animal’s environment sparks more curiosity than others remains unclear.
Researchers theorise that curiosity tends to be biased towards moderately complex or uncertain stimuli while avoiding overly simple or complex situations.
This is called the “Goldilocks principle” and also characterises human curiosity. However, very few studies have explored this impulse in animals. Scientists from Japan’s Kyoto University assessed how curiosity works in monkeys by exposing them to a touchscreen video game.
Studies have also explored whether video games can spark the engagement of animals in labs and zoos, and potentially help improve their welfare.
“I originally studied play behaviour in wild monkeys, so I have long wanted to create situations in the laboratory where monkeys’ play behaviour could emerge naturally,” said Sakumi Iki, an author of the study published in the journal iScience.
Researchers probed exactly what kind of stimuli could elicit the curiosity of resident Japanese macaques. They developed a touchscreen-based game task inspired by hide-and-seek.
In this game, when a monkey presses a button on the touchscreen, a puppet appears at a different location on the screen, depending on the button. The puppet appearances correspond to different levels of noise, with puppets appearing in a less predictable location the higher the noise level.
Scientists found that the monkeys chose the medium noise button, which made the puppet appear in a location that was somewhat predictable but still moderately uncertain.
This suggests that macaques, like humans, have a tendency to actively explore stimuli with a moderate level of uncertainty compared to stimuli that are too simple or too random.
The monkeys also spent long stretches of time playing the game, supporting the game’s success in sparking their curiosity. (© The Independent)