{"id":123058,"date":"2025-11-05T11:33:09","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T11:33:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/123058\/"},"modified":"2025-11-05T11:33:09","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T11:33:09","slug":"efficacy-of-folic-acid-supplementation-in-the-prevention-of-cardiovascular-disease-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-randomized-controlled-trials-bmc-nutrition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/123058\/","title":{"rendered":"Efficacy of folic acid supplementation in the prevention of cardiovascular disease &#8211; a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | BMC Nutrition"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk Factors, 1990\u20132019: update from the GBD 2019 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982\u20133021.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jacc.2020.11.010\" aria-label=\"Article reference 1\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33309175\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7755038\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Global%20burden%20of%20cardiovascular%20diseases%20and%20risk%20Factors%2C%201990%E2%80%932019%3A%20update%20from%20the%20GBD%202019%20study&amp;journal=J%20Am%20Coll%20Cardiol&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jacc.2020.11.010&amp;volume=76&amp;issue=25&amp;pages=2982-3021&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Roth%2CGA&amp;author=Mensah%2CGA&amp;author=Johnson%2CCO&amp;author=Addolorato%2CG&amp;author=Ammirati%2CE&amp;author=Baddour%2CLM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Davignon J, Ganz P. Role of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2004;109(23 Suppl 1). Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15198963\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15198963\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/15198963<\/a>\/.\u00a0Cited 2024 Mar 16. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Ambrosi P, Rolland P, Gar\u00e7on D. [Homocysteine, a risk factor of atherosclerosis]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1996;89(12):1667\u201371.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DyaK2s3otlKhug%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 3\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=9137733\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 3\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=%5BHomocysteine%2C%20a%20risk%20factor%20of%20atherosclerosis%5D&amp;journal=Arch%20Mal%20Coeur%20Vaiss&amp;volume=89&amp;issue=12&amp;pages=1667-71&amp;publication_year=1996&amp;author=Ambrosi%2CP&amp;author=Rolland%2CP&amp;author=Gar%C3%A7on%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Toole JF, Malinow MR, Chambless LE, Spence JD, Pettigrew LC, Howard VJ, et al. Lowering Homocysteine in Patients With Ischemic Stroke to Prevent Recurrent Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, and Death: The Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 2004;291(5):565\u201375.\u00a0Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/198139\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/198139\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/198139<\/a>.\u00a0Cited 2024 Mar 16 .<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1001\/jama.291.5.565\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1001\/jama.291.5.565\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001%2Fjama.291.5.565\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.1001\/jama.291.5.565\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVylsL4%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=14762035\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Lowering%20Homocysteine%20in%20Patients%20With%20Ischemic%20Stroke%20to%20Prevent%20Recurrent%20Stroke%2C%20Myocardial%20Infarction%2C%20and%20Death%3A%20The%20Vitamin%20Intervention%20for%20Stroke%20Prevention%20%28VISP%29%20Randomized%20Controlled%20Trial&amp;journal=JAMA.&amp;doi=10.1001%2Fjama.291.5.565&amp;volume=291&amp;issue=5&amp;pages=565-75&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Toole%2CJF&amp;author=Malinow%2CMR&amp;author=Chambless%2CLE&amp;author=Spence%2CJD&amp;author=Pettigrew%2CLC&amp;author=Howard%2CVJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Khandanpour N, Armon MP, Jennings B, Finglas PM, Willis G, Clark A et al. Randomized clinical trial of folate supplementation in patients with peripheral arterial disease. In: Br J Surg. 2009:990\u20138. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19672935\/\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19672935\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19672935\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Santilli F, Dav\u00ec G, Patrono C. Homocysteine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, folate status and atherothrombosis: A mechanistic and clinical perspective. Vascul Pharmacol. 2016;78:1\u20139.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.vph.2015.06.009\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.vph.2015.06.009\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.vph.2015.06.009\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.vph.2015.06.009\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhtV2it7rP\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26111718\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Homocysteine%2C%20methylenetetrahydrofolate%20reductase%2C%20folate%20status%20and%20atherothrombosis%3A%20A%20mechanistic%20and%20clinical%20perspective&amp;journal=Vascul%20Pharmacol&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.vph.2015.06.009&amp;volume=78&amp;pages=1-9&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Santilli%2CF&amp;author=Dav%C3%AC%2CG&amp;author=Patrono%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Li Y, Huang T, Zheng Y, Muka T, Troup J, Hu FB. Folic acid supplementation and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: A Meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(8):1\u201318.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1161\/JAHA.116.003768\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1161\/JAHA.116.003768\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161%2FJAHA.116.003768\" aria-label=\"Article reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.1161\/JAHA.116.003768\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Folic%20acid%20supplementation%20and%20the%20risk%20of%20cardiovascular%20diseases%3A%20A%20Meta-Analysis%20of%20randomized%20controlled%20trials&amp;journal=J%20Am%20Heart%20Assoc&amp;doi=10.1161%2FJAHA.116.003768&amp;volume=5&amp;issue=8&amp;pages=1-18&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Li%2CY&amp;author=Huang%2CT&amp;author=Zheng%2CY&amp;author=Muka%2CT&amp;author=Troup%2CJ&amp;author=Hu%2CFB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Kaye AD, Jeha GM, Pham AD, Fuller MC, Lerner ZI, Sibley GT, et al. Folic Acid Supplementation in Patients with Elevated Homocysteine Levels. Adv Ther. 2020;37(10):4149 Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32845472\/\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32845472\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32845472\/<\/a>. Cited 2024 Mar 16.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s12325-020-01474-z\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s12325-020-01474-z\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s12325-020-01474-z\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s12325-020-01474-z\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhslWgs7nO\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32845472\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7497502\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Folic%20Acid%20Supplementation%20in%20Patients%20with%20Elevated%20Homocysteine%20Levels&amp;journal=Adv%20Ther.&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs12325-020-01474-z&amp;volume=37&amp;issue=10&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Kaye%2CAD&amp;author=Jeha%2CGM&amp;author=Pham%2CAD&amp;author=Fuller%2CMC&amp;author=Lerner%2CZI&amp;author=Sibley%2CGT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Crabtree MJ, Channon KM. Synthesis and recycling of tetrahydrobiopterin in endothelial function and vascular disease. In: Nitric Oxide &#8211; Biology and Chemistry. 2011. pp. 81\u20138. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.6670\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/bjs.6670\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.6670<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Calderon Martinez E, Vald\u00e9s JRF, Castillo JL, Castillo JV, Montecino RMB, Jimenez JEM et al. Ten Steps to Conduct a Systematic Review. Cureus. 2023;15(12). Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/217671-ten-steps-to-conduct-a-systematic-review\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/217671-ten-steps-to-conduct-a-systematic-review\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.cureus.com\/articles\/217671-ten-steps-to-conduct-a-systematic-review<\/a>.\u00a0Cited 2024 Jan 30. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/372\/bmj.n71\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/372\/bmj.n71\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/372\/bmj.n71<\/a>. Cited 2023 Dec 13.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5(1):210. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27919275\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5139140\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Rayyan%E2%80%94a%20web%20and%20mobile%20app%20for%20systematic%20reviews&amp;journal=Syst%20Rev.&amp;doi=10.1186%2Fs13643-016-0384-4&amp;volume=5&amp;issue=1&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Ouzzani%2CM&amp;author=Hammady%2CH&amp;author=Fedorowicz%2CZ&amp;author=Elmagarmid%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Cochrane. Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions | Cochrane Training. Available from: https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current<a href=\"https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current<\/a>. Cited 2023 Oct 25. <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;l4898. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1136\/bmj.l4898\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Jackson D, White I, Thompson S. Extending dersimonian and laird\u2019s methodology to perform multivariate random effects Meta-Analyses. Stat Med. 2009;29:1282\u201397.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/sim.3602\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/sim.3602\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fsim.3602\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/sim.3602\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Extending%20dersimonian%20and%20laird%E2%80%99s%20methodology%20to%20perform%20multivariate%20random%20effects%20Meta-Analyses&amp;journal=Stat%20Med&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fsim.3602&amp;volume=29&amp;pages=1282-97&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Jackson%2CD&amp;author=White%2CI&amp;author=Thompson%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Higgins JPT, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21(11):1539\u201358.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/sim.1186\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/sim.1186\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fsim.1186\" aria-label=\"Article reference 16\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/sim.1186\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=12111919\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Quantifying%20heterogeneity%20in%20a%20meta-analysis&amp;journal=Stat%20Med&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fsim.1186&amp;volume=21&amp;issue=11&amp;pages=1539-58&amp;publication_year=2002&amp;author=Higgins%2CJPT&amp;author=Thompson%2CSG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Viechtbauer W, Cheung MWL. Outlier and influence diagnostics for meta-analysis. Res Synth Methods. 2010;1(2):112\u201325.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/jrsm.11\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/jrsm.11\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fjrsm.11\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/jrsm.11\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26061377\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 17\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Outlier%20and%20influence%20diagnostics%20for%20meta-analysis&amp;journal=Res%20Synth%20Methods&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fjrsm.11&amp;volume=1&amp;issue=2&amp;pages=112-25&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Viechtbauer%2CW&amp;author=Cheung%2CMWL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315(7109):629\u201334.\u00a0Available from:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/315\/7109\/629\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/315\/7109\/629\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/315\/7109\/629<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136%2Fbmj.315.7109.629\" aria-label=\"Article reference 18\" data-doi=\"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DyaK2svls1KjtA%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=9310563\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2127453\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Bias%20in%20meta-analysis%20detected%20by%20a%20simple%2C%20graphical%20test&amp;journal=BMJ.&amp;doi=10.1136%2Fbmj.315.7109.629&amp;volume=315&amp;issue=7109&amp;pages=629-34&amp;publication_year=1997&amp;author=Egger%2CM&amp;author=Smith%2CGD&amp;author=Schneider%2CM&amp;author=Minder%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;n71. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1136\/bmj.n71\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Zhao X, Feng GC, Ao SH, Liu PL. Interrater reliability estimators tested against true interrater reliabilities. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2022;22(1): 990-998 . <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-022-01707-5\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1186\/s12874-022-01707-5\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-022-01707-5<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1186\/s12874-022-01707-5\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1186\/s12874-022-01707-5\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1186\/s12874-022-01707-5\" aria-label=\"Article reference 20\" data-doi=\"10.1186\/s12874-022-01707-5\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtFGmtLvK\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=19672935\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Randomized%20clinical%20trial%20of%20folate%20supplementation%20in%20patients%20with%20peripheral%20arterial%20disease&amp;journal=British%20Journal%20of%20Surgery&amp;doi=10.1186%2Fs12874-022-01707-5&amp;volume=96&amp;issue=9&amp;pages=990-998&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Khandanpour%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Mehta KN, Chag MC, Parikh KH, Shah UG, Baxi HA, Chandarana AH et al. Effect of folate treatment on homocysteinemia in cardiac in cardiac patients: A prospective study patients: A prospective study patients: A prospective study patients: A prospective study patients: A prospective study. 2005. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/iphr\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/iphr\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/iphr<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Zoungas S, McGrath BP, Branley P, Kerr PG, Muske C, Wolfe R, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the atherosclerosis and folic acid supplementation trial (ASFAST) in chronic renal failure: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(6):1108\u201316.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.10.064\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.10.064\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jacc.2005.10.064\" aria-label=\"Article reference 22\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.10.064\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XisF2itrc%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=16545638\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Cardiovascular%20morbidity%20and%20mortality%20in%20the%20atherosclerosis%20and%20folic%20acid%20supplementation%20trial%20%28ASFAST%29%20in%20chronic%20renal%20failure%3A%20A%20multicenter%2C%20randomized%2C%20controlled%20trial&amp;journal=J%20Am%20Coll%20Cardiol&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jacc.2005.10.064&amp;volume=47&amp;issue=6&amp;pages=1108-16&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Zoungas%2CS&amp;author=McGrath%2CBP&amp;author=Branley%2CP&amp;author=Kerr%2CPG&amp;author=Muske%2CC&amp;author=Wolfe%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Bleie \u00d8, Strand E, Ueland PM, Vollset SE, Refsum H, Igland J, et al. Coronary blood flow in patients with stable coronary artery disease treated long term with folic acid and vitamin B12. Coron Artery Dis. 2011;22(4):270\u20138.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1097\/MCA.0b013e328344fff4\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1097\/MCA.0b013e328344fff4\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097%2FMCA.0b013e328344fff4\" aria-label=\"Article reference 23\" data-doi=\"10.1097\/MCA.0b013e328344fff4\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=21389855\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 23\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 23\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Coronary%20blood%20flow%20in%20patients%20with%20stable%20coronary%20artery%20disease%20treated%20long%20term%20with%20folic%20acid%20and%20vitamin%20B12&amp;journal=Coron%20Artery%20Dis&amp;doi=10.1097%2FMCA.0b013e328344fff4&amp;volume=22&amp;issue=4&amp;pages=270-8&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Bleie%2C%C3%98&amp;author=Strand%2CE&amp;author=Ueland%2CPM&amp;author=Vollset%2CSE&amp;author=Refsum%2CH&amp;author=Igland%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Liu M, Wang Z, Liu S, Liu Y, Ma Y, Liu Y, et al. Effect of B vitamins supplementation on cardio-metabolic factors in patients with stable coronary artery disease: A randomized double-blind trial. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2020;29(2):245\u201352.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXit1KgtL3E\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32674231\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Effect%20of%20B%20vitamins%20supplementation%20on%20cardio-metabolic%20factors%20in%20patients%20with%20stable%20coronary%20artery%20disease%3A%20A%20randomized%20double-blind%20trial&amp;journal=Asia%20Pac%20J%20Clin%20Nutr&amp;volume=29&amp;issue=2&amp;pages=245-52&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Liu%2CM&amp;author=Wang%2CZ&amp;author=Liu%2CS&amp;author=Liu%2CY&amp;author=Ma%2CY&amp;author=Liu%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Shidfar F, Homayounfar R, Fereshtehnejad SM, Kalani A. Effect of folate supplementation on serum homocysteine and plasma total antioxidant capacity in hypercholesterolemic adults under Lovastatin treatment: A Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Arch Med Res. 2009;40(5):380\u20136.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2009.06.004\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2009.06.004\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.arcmed.2009.06.004\" aria-label=\"Article reference 25\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2009.06.004\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtFGrsr7M\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=19766902\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Effect%20of%20folate%20supplementation%20on%20serum%20homocysteine%20and%20plasma%20total%20antioxidant%20capacity%20in%20hypercholesterolemic%20adults%20under%20Lovastatin%20treatment%3A%20A%20Double-blind%20randomized%20controlled%20clinical%20trial&amp;journal=Arch%20Med%20Res&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.arcmed.2009.06.004&amp;volume=40&amp;issue=5&amp;pages=380-6&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Shidfar%2CF&amp;author=Homayounfar%2CR&amp;author=Fereshtehnejad%2CSM&amp;author=Kalani%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, Pin R, Hess OM. Effect of Homocysteine-Lowering Therapy With Folic Acid, Vitamin B 12, and Vitamin B 6 on Clinical Outcome After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention The Swiss Heart Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2002. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\"> Vermeulen EG, Stehouwer CD, Twisk JW, et al. Effect of homocysteine-lowering treatment with folic acid plus vitamin B6 on progression of subclinical atherosclerosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2000;355(9203):517-522. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10683000\/\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10683000\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10683000\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">VITATOPS Trial Study Group T. B vitamins in patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or stroke in the vitamins TO prevent stroke (VITATOPS) trial: a randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial. 2010; Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/neurology\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/neurology\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/neurology<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Van Dijk SC, Enneman AW, Swart KMA, Van Wijngaarden JP, Ham AC, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, et al. Effects of 2-year vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation in hyperhomocysteinemic elderly on arterial stiffness and cardiovascular outcomes within the B-PROOF trial. J Hypertens. 2015;33(9):1897\u2013906.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000647\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000647\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097%2FHJH.0000000000000647\" aria-label=\"Article reference 29\" data-doi=\"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000647\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26147383\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 29\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Effects%20of%202-year%20vitamin%20B12%20and%20folic%20acid%20supplementation%20in%20hyperhomocysteinemic%20elderly%20on%20arterial%20stiffness%20and%20cardiovascular%20outcomes%20within%20the%20B-PROOF%20trial&amp;journal=J%20Hypertens&amp;doi=10.1097%2FHJH.0000000000000647&amp;volume=33&amp;issue=9&amp;pages=1897-906&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Dijk%2CSC&amp;author=Enneman%2CAW&amp;author=Swart%2CKMA&amp;author=Wijngaarden%2CJP&amp;author=Ham%2CAC&amp;author=Brouwer-Brolsma%2CEM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Doshi SN, McDowell IF, Moat SJ, Payne N, Durrant HJ, Lewis MJ et al. Folic Acid Improves Endothelial Function in Coronary Artery Disease via Mechanisms Largely Independent of Homocysteine Lowering. 2002. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.circulationaha.org\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/www.circulationaha.org\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.circulationaha.org<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">B\u00f8naa KH, Nj\u00f8lstad I, Ueland PM, et al. Homocysteine lowering and cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(15):1578-1588. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa055227\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1056\/NEJMoa055227\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa055227<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Toole JF, Malinow MR, Chambless LE, Spence JD, Creed Pettigrew L, Howard VJ et al. Lowering Homocysteine in Patients With Ischemic Stroke to Prevent Recurrent Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, and Death The Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) Randomized Controlled Trial. 2004. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Guo H, Chi J, Xing Y, Wang P. Influence of folic acid on plasma homocysteine levels &amp; arterial endothelial function in patients with unstable angina. 2009. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ijmr\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ijmr\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/journals.lww.com\/ijmr<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Jonasson T, \u00d6hlin AK, Gotts\u00e4ter A, Hultberg B, \u00d6hlin H. Plasma homocysteine and markers for oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease &#8211; A prospective randomized study of vitamin supplementation. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2005;43(6):628\u201334.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1515\/CCLM.2005.108\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1515\/CCLM.2005.108\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515%2FCCLM.2005.108\" aria-label=\"Article reference 34\" data-doi=\"10.1515\/CCLM.2005.108\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmtVegtrw%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=16006259\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Plasma%20homocysteine%20and%20markers%20for%20oxidative%20stress%20and%20inflammation%20in%20patients%20with%20coronary%20artery%20disease%20-%20A%20prospective%20randomized%20study%20of%20vitamin%20supplementation&amp;journal=Clin%20Chem%20Lab%20Med&amp;doi=10.1515%2FCCLM.2005.108&amp;volume=43&amp;issue=6&amp;pages=628-34&amp;publication_year=2005&amp;author=Jonasson%2CT&amp;author=%C3%96hlin%2CAK&amp;author=Gotts%C3%A4ter%2CA&amp;author=Hultberg%2CB&amp;author=%C3%96hlin%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Rydlewicz A, Simpson JA, Taylor RJ, Bond CM, Golden MHN. The effect of folic acid supplementation on plasma homocysteine in an elderly population. 2002.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Huo Y, Li J, Qin X, Huang Y, Wang X, Gottesman RF, et al. Efficacy of folic acid therapy in primary prevention of stroke among adults with hypertension in china: the CSPPT randomized clinical trial. JAMA &#8211; J Am Med Association. 2015;313(13):1325\u201335.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1001\/jama.2015.2274\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1001\/jama.2015.2274\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001%2Fjama.2015.2274\" aria-label=\"Article reference 36\" data-doi=\"10.1001\/jama.2015.2274\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXntFOgsrw%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Efficacy%20of%20folic%20acid%20therapy%20in%20primary%20prevention%20of%20stroke%20among%20adults%20with%20hypertension%20in%20china%3A%20the%20CSPPT%20randomized%20clinical%20trial&amp;journal=JAMA%20-%20J%20Am%20Med%20Association&amp;doi=10.1001%2Fjama.2015.2274&amp;volume=313&amp;issue=13&amp;pages=1325-35&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Huo%2CY&amp;author=Li%2CJ&amp;author=Qin%2CX&amp;author=Huang%2CY&amp;author=Wang%2CX&amp;author=Gottesman%2CRF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Lange H, Suryapranata H, De Luca G, B\u00f6rner C, Dille J, Kallmayer K et al. Folate Therapy and In-Stent Restenosis after Coronary Stenting. n engl j med. 2004;26. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">www.nejm.org<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Liem AH, Van Boven AJ, Veeger NJGM, Withagen AJ, De Medina RMR, Tijssen JGP, et al. Efficacy of folic acid when added to Statin therapy in patients with hypercholesterolemia following acute myocardial infarction: A randomised pilot trial. Int J Cardiol. 2004;93(2\u20133):175\u20139.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2003.02.001\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2003.02.001\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.ijcard.2003.02.001\" aria-label=\"Article reference 38\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2003.02.001\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c%2Fos1elug%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=14975544\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 38\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Efficacy%20of%20folic%20acid%20when%20added%20to%20Statin%20therapy%20in%20patients%20with%20hypercholesterolemia%20following%20acute%20myocardial%20infarction%3A%20A%20randomised%20pilot%20trial&amp;journal=Int%20J%20Cardiol&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.ijcard.2003.02.001&amp;volume=93&amp;issue=2%E2%80%933&amp;pages=175-9&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Liem%2CAH&amp;author=Boven%2CAJ&amp;author=Veeger%2CNJGM&amp;author=Withagen%2CAJ&amp;author=Medina%2CRMR&amp;author=Tijssen%2CJGP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Wrone EM, Hornberger JM, Zehnder JL, McCann LM, Coplon NS, Fortmann SP. Randomized trial of folic acid for prevention of cardiovascular events in End-Stage renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15(2):420\u20136.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000110181.64655.6C\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000110181.64655.6C\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097%2F01.ASN.0000110181.64655.6C\" aria-label=\"Article reference 39\" data-doi=\"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000110181.64655.6C\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtV2itbk%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=14747389\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Randomized%20trial%20of%20folic%20acid%20for%20prevention%20of%20cardiovascular%20events%20in%20End-Stage%20renal%20disease&amp;journal=J%20Am%20Soc%20Nephrol&amp;doi=10.1097%2F01.ASN.0000110181.64655.6C&amp;volume=15&amp;issue=2&amp;pages=420-6&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Wrone%2CEM&amp;author=Hornberger%2CJM&amp;author=Zehnder%2CJL&amp;author=McCann%2CLM&amp;author=Coplon%2CNS&amp;author=Fortmann%2CSP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Liem A, Reynierse-Buitenwerf GH, Zwinderman AH, Jukema JW, Van Veldhuisen DJ. Secondary prevention with folic acid: effects on clinical outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(12):2105\u201313.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00485-6\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00485-6\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2FS0735-1097%2803%2900485-6\" aria-label=\"Article reference 40\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00485-6\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnvVSqsLo%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 40\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=12821232\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 40\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 40\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Secondary%20prevention%20with%20folic%20acid%3A%20effects%20on%20clinical%20outcomes&amp;journal=J%20Am%20Coll%20Cardiol&amp;doi=10.1016%2FS0735-1097%2803%2900485-6&amp;volume=41&amp;issue=12&amp;pages=2105-13&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;author=Liem%2CA&amp;author=Reynierse-Buitenwerf%2CGH&amp;author=Zwinderman%2CAH&amp;author=Jukema%2CJW&amp;author=Veldhuisen%2CDJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Liem A, Reynierse-Buitenwerf GH, Zwinderman AH, Jukema JW, Van Veldhuisen DJ. Secondary prevention with folic acid: results of the goes extension study. Heart. 2005;91(9):1213\u20134.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1136\/hrt.2004.035030\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1136\/hrt.2004.035030\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136%2Fhrt.2004.035030\" aria-label=\"Article reference 41\" data-doi=\"10.1136\/hrt.2004.035030\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVCjur7N\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=16103563\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1769062\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 41\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Secondary%20prevention%20with%20folic%20acid%3A%20results%20of%20the%20goes%20extension%20study&amp;journal=Heart&amp;doi=10.1136%2Fhrt.2004.035030&amp;volume=91&amp;issue=9&amp;pages=1213-4&amp;publication_year=2005&amp;author=Liem%2CA&amp;author=Reynierse-Buitenwerf%2CGH&amp;author=Zwinderman%2CAH&amp;author=Jukema%2CJW&amp;author=Veldhuisen%2CDJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Lonn E. Homocysteine Lowering with Folic Acid and B Vitamins in Vascular Disease. 2006.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Righetti M, Serbelloni P, Milani S, Ferrario GM. Homocysteine-lowering vitamin B treatment decreases cardiovascular events in Hemodialysis patients. Blood Purif. 2006;24(4):379\u201386.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1159\/000093680\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1159\/000093680\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159%2F000093680\" aria-label=\"Article reference 43\" data-doi=\"10.1159\/000093680\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XnvFKqtLY%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=16755160\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 43\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Homocysteine-lowering%20vitamin%20B%20treatment%20decreases%20cardiovascular%20events%20in%20Hemodialysis%20patients&amp;journal=Blood%20Purif&amp;doi=10.1159%2F000093680&amp;volume=24&amp;issue=4&amp;pages=379-86&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Righetti%2CM&amp;author=Serbelloni%2CP&amp;author=Milani%2CS&amp;author=Ferrario%2CGM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Jamison RL, Hartigan P, Kaufman JS, Goldfarb DS, Warren SR, Guarino PD et al. Effect of Homocysteine Lowering on Mortality and Vascular Disease in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease and End-stage Renal Disease A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2007. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Vianna ACA, Mocelin AJ, Matsuo T, Morais-Filho D, Largura A, Delfino VA et al. Uremic hyperhomocysteinemia: A randomized trial of folate treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular events. 2007.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Ebbing M, Bleie \u00d8, Magne Ueland P, Erik Nordrehaug J, Nilsen DW, Emil Vollset S et al. Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Patients Treated With Homocysteine-Lowering B Vitamins After Coronary Angiography A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2008. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Imasa MSB, Gomez NT, Nevado JB. Folic acid-based intervention in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2009;17(1):13\u201321.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1177\/0218492309102494\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1177\/0218492309102494\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F0218492309102494\" aria-label=\"Article reference 47\" data-doi=\"10.1177\/0218492309102494\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=19515873\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 47\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 47\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Folic%20acid-based%20intervention%20in%20non-ST%20elevation%20acute%20coronary%20syndromes&amp;journal=Asian%20Cardiovasc%20Thorac%20Ann&amp;doi=10.1177%2F0218492309102494&amp;volume=17&amp;issue=1&amp;pages=13-21&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Imasa%2CMSB&amp;author=Gomez%2CNT&amp;author=Nevado%2CJB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Armitage J. Effects of Homocysteine-Lowering With Folic Acid Plus Vitamin B 12 vs Placebo on Mortality and Major Morbidity in Myocardial Infarction Survivors. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jama.com\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/www.jama.com\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.jama.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Heinz J, Kropf S, Domr\u00f6se U, Westphal S, Borucki K, Luley C, et al. B vitamins and the risk of total mortality and cardiovascular disease in end-stage renal disease: results of a randomized controlled trial. Circulation. 2010;121(12):1432\u20138.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.904672\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.904672\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161%2FCIRCULATIONAHA.109.904672\" aria-label=\"Article reference 49\" data-doi=\"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.904672\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjvFCntb4%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 49\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20231532\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 49\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 49\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=B%20vitamins%20and%20the%20risk%20of%20total%20mortality%20and%20cardiovascular%20disease%20in%20end-stage%20renal%20disease%3A%20results%20of%20a%20randomized%20controlled%20trial&amp;journal=Circulation&amp;doi=10.1161%2FCIRCULATIONAHA.109.904672&amp;volume=121&amp;issue=12&amp;pages=1432-8&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Heinz%2CJ&amp;author=Kropf%2CS&amp;author=Domr%C3%B6se%2CU&amp;author=Westphal%2CS&amp;author=Borucki%2CK&amp;author=Luley%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">House AA, Eliasziw M, Cattran DC, Churchill DN, Oliver MJ, Fine A et al. Effect of B-Vitamin Therapy on Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2010. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Bostom AG, Carpenter MA, Kusek JW, Levey AS, Hunsicker L, Pfeffer MA, et al. Homocysteine-lowering and cardiovascular disease outcomes in kidney transplant recipients: primary results from the folic acid for vascular outcome reduction in transplantation trial. Circulation. 2011;123(16):1763\u201370.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.000588\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.000588\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161%2FCIRCULATIONAHA.110.000588\" aria-label=\"Article reference 51\" data-doi=\"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.000588\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXltFyhsrY%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 51\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=21482964\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 51\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4887854\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 51\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 51\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Homocysteine-lowering%20and%20cardiovascular%20disease%20outcomes%20in%20kidney%20transplant%20recipients%3A%20primary%20results%20from%20the%20folic%20acid%20for%20vascular%20outcome%20reduction%20in%20transplantation%20trial&amp;journal=Circulation&amp;doi=10.1161%2FCIRCULATIONAHA.110.000588&amp;volume=123&amp;issue=16&amp;pages=1763-70&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Bostom%2CAG&amp;author=Carpenter%2CMA&amp;author=Kusek%2CJW&amp;author=Levey%2CAS&amp;author=Hunsicker%2CL&amp;author=Pfeffer%2CMA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">Righetti M, Ferrario G, Milani S, Serbelloni P, La Rosa L, Uccellini M et al. Effects of folic acid treatment on homocysteine levels and vascular disease in hemodialysis patients. 2003. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.MedSciMonit.com\/pub\/vol_9\/no_4\/3064.pdf\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/www.MedSciMonit.com\/pub\/vol_9\/no_4\/3064.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.MedSciMonit.com\/pub\/vol_9\/no_4\/3064.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Nand N, Sharma M, Mittal N. Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia in chronic kidney disease and effect of supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B12 on cardiovascular mortality. J Indian Acad Clin Med. 2013;14. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/287242975\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/287242975\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/287242975<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">Bahmani F, Fatemeh ;, Galougahi R, Vahedpoor Z, Jamilian ; Mehri, Mahmoodi S et al. The Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation on Recurrence and Metabolic Status in Endometrial Hyperplasia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial IRANIAN MEDICINE. Arch Iran Med. 2018;21. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.irct.ir\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/www.irct.ir\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">www.irct.ir<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Maurizi AR, Menduni M, Del Toro R, Kyanvash S, Maggi D, Guglielmi C, et al. A pilot study of d-chiro-inositol plus folic acid in overweight patients with type 1 diabetes. Acta Diabetol. 2017;54(4):361\u20135.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s00592-016-0954-x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s00592-016-0954-x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00592-016-0954-x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 55\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s00592-016-0954-x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhtVOhuw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 55\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28039583\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 55\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 55\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20pilot%20study%20of%20d-chiro-inositol%20plus%20folic%20acid%20in%20overweight%20patients%20with%20type%201%20diabetes&amp;journal=Acta%20Diabetol&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs00592-016-0954-x&amp;volume=54&amp;issue=4&amp;pages=361-5&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Maurizi%2CAR&amp;author=Menduni%2CM&amp;author=Toro%2CR&amp;author=Kyanvash%2CS&amp;author=Maggi%2CD&amp;author=Guglielmi%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">El-khodary NM, Dabees H, Werida RH. Folic acid effect on homocysteine, sortilin levels and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Nutr Diabetes. 2022;12(1) :33. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41387-022-00210-6\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41387-022-00210-6\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41387-022-00210-6<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41387-022-00210-6\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41387-022-00210-6\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41387-022-00210-6\" aria-label=\"Article reference 56\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41387-022-00210-6\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XitVeqt7fF\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35732620\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9217798\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 56\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Folic%20acid%20effect%20on%20homocysteine%2C%20sortilin%20levels%20and%20glycemic%20control%20in%20type%202%20diabetes%20mellitus%20patients&amp;journal=Nutr%20Diabetes&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41387-022-00210-6&amp;volume=12&amp;issue=1&amp;pages=33-33&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=El-khodary%2CNM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR57\">Satapathy S, Bandyopadhyay D, Patro BK, Khan S, Naik S. Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multi-arm randomized controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2020;53 :102526.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR58\">Oliai Araghi S, Kiefte-de Jong JC, van Dijk SC, Swart KMA, Ploegmakers KJ, Zillikens MC, et al. Long-term effects of folic acid and vitamin-B12 supplementation on fracture risk and cardiovascular disease: extended follow-up of the B-PROOF trial. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(3):1199\u2013206.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.07.033\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.07.033\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.clnu.2020.07.033\" aria-label=\"Article reference 58\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.07.033\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsFyhtLjE\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32800386\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 58\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Long-term%20effects%20of%20folic%20acid%20and%20vitamin-B12%20supplementation%20on%20fracture%20risk%20and%20cardiovascular%20disease%3A%20extended%20follow-up%20of%20the%20B-PROOF%20trial&amp;journal=Clin%20Nutr&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.clnu.2020.07.033&amp;volume=40&amp;issue=3&amp;pages=1199-206&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Oliai%20Araghi%2CS&amp;author=Kiefte-de%20Jong%2CJC&amp;author=Dijk%2CSC&amp;author=Swart%2CKMA&amp;author=Ploegmakers%2CKJ&amp;author=Zillikens%2CMC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR59\">Albert CM, Cook NR, Gaziano JM, Zaharris E, MacFadyen J, Danielson E, et al. Effect of folic acid and B vitamins on risk of cardiovascular events and total mortality among women at high risk for cardiovascular disease: A randomized trial. JAMA. 2008;299(17):2027\u201336.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1001\/jama.299.17.2027\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1001\/jama.299.17.2027\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001%2Fjama.299.17.2027\" aria-label=\"Article reference 59\" data-doi=\"10.1001\/jama.299.17.2027\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXlslanurs%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 59\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=18460663\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 59\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2684623\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 59\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 59\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Effect%20of%20folic%20acid%20and%20B%20vitamins%20on%20risk%20of%20cardiovascular%20events%20and%20total%20mortality%20among%20women%20at%20high%20risk%20for%20cardiovascular%20disease%3A%20A%20randomized%20trial&amp;journal=JAMA&amp;doi=10.1001%2Fjama.299.17.2027&amp;volume=299&amp;issue=17&amp;pages=2027-36&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Albert%2CCM&amp;author=Cook%2CNR&amp;author=Gaziano%2CJM&amp;author=Zaharris%2CE&amp;author=MacFadyen%2CJ&amp;author=Danielson%2CE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR60\">Cole BF, Baron JA, Sandler RS, Haile RW, Dennis Ahnen DJ, Bresalier RS et al. Folic Acid for the Prevention of Colorectal Adenomas A Randomized Clinical Trial. 2007. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/jama.jamanetwork.com\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR61\">Mark SD, Wang W, Fraumeni JF, Li JY, Taylor PR, Wang GQ et al. Lowered risks of hypertension and cerebrovascular disease after Vitamin\/Mineral supplementation the Linxian nutrition intervention trial. 143. 1996.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR62\">Potena L, Grigioni F, Masetti M, Magnani G, Coccolo F, Fallani F, et al. Long-term effect of folic acid therapy in heart transplant recipients: Follow-up analysis of a randomized study. Transplantation. 2008;85(8):1146\u201350.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31816b2602\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31816b2602\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097%2FTP.0b013e31816b2602\" aria-label=\"Article reference 62\" data-doi=\"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31816b2602\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXltVGktrY%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 62\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=18431235\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 62\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 62\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Long-term%20effect%20of%20folic%20acid%20therapy%20in%20heart%20transplant%20recipients%3A%20Follow-up%20analysis%20of%20a%20randomized%20study&amp;journal=Transplantation&amp;doi=10.1097%2FTP.0b013e31816b2602&amp;volume=85&amp;issue=8&amp;pages=1146-50&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Potena%2CL&amp;author=Grigioni%2CF&amp;author=Masetti%2CM&amp;author=Magnani%2CG&amp;author=Coccolo%2CF&amp;author=Fallani%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR63\">Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Dustin L, Mahrer PR, Azen SP, Detrano R, et al. High-dose B vitamin supplementation and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Stroke. 2009;40(3):730\u20136.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.526798\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.526798\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161%2FSTROKEAHA.108.526798\" aria-label=\"Article reference 63\" data-doi=\"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.526798\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhvVSkurg%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 63\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=19118243\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 63\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 63\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=High-dose%20B%20vitamin%20supplementation%20and%20progression%20of%20subclinical%20atherosclerosis%3A%20A%20randomized%20controlled%20trial&amp;journal=Stroke&amp;doi=10.1161%2FSTROKEAHA.108.526798&amp;volume=40&amp;issue=3&amp;pages=730-6&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Hodis%2CHN&amp;author=Mack%2CWJ&amp;author=Dustin%2CL&amp;author=Mahrer%2CPR&amp;author=Azen%2CSP&amp;author=Detrano%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR64\">Lamas GA, Boineau R, Goertz C, Mark DB, Rosenberg Y, Stylianou M et al. Oral High-Dose Multivitamins and Minerals After Myocardial Infarction A Randomized Trial. 2013. Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/journal\/aim\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/journal\/aim\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/journal\/aim<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR65\">Galan P, Kesse-Guyot E, Czernichow S, Briancon S, Blacher J, Hercberg S. Effects of B vitamins and Omega 3 fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases: A randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ. 2011;342(7787):36.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 65\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Effects%20of%20B%20vitamins%20and%20Omega%203%20fatty%20acids%20on%20cardiovascular%20diseases%3A%20A%20randomised%20placebo%20controlled%20trial&amp;journal=BMJ&amp;volume=342&amp;issue=7787&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Galan%2CP&amp;author=Kesse-Guyot%2CE&amp;author=Czernichow%2CS&amp;author=Briancon%2CS&amp;author=Blacher%2CJ&amp;author=Hercberg%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR66\">Yang HT, Lee M, Hong KS, Ovbiagele B, Saver JL. Efficacy of folic acid supplementation in cardiovascular disease prevention: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Intern Med. 2012;23(8):745\u201354 Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0953620512001793\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0953620512001793\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0953620512001793<\/a>.\u00a0Cited 2025 Aug 9 .<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.ejim.2012.07.004\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.ejim.2012.07.004\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.ejim.2012.07.004\" aria-label=\"Article reference 66\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.ejim.2012.07.004\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtF2it7vL\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 66\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22884409\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 66\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 66\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Efficacy%20of%20folic%20acid%20supplementation%20in%20cardiovascular%20disease%20prevention%3A%20An%20updated%20meta-analysis%20of%20randomized%20controlled%20trials&amp;journal=Eur%20J%20Intern%20Med.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.ejim.2012.07.004&amp;volume=23&amp;issue=8&amp;pages=745-54&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Yang%2CHT&amp;author=Lee%2CM&amp;author=Hong%2CKS&amp;author=Ovbiagele%2CB&amp;author=Saver%2CJL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR67\">Zhang N, Zhou Z, Chi X, Fan F, Li S, Song Y, et al. Folic acid supplementation for stroke prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 randomized clinical trials worldwide. Clin Nutr. 2024;43(7):1706\u201316.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.05.034\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.05.034\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.clnu.2024.05.034\" aria-label=\"Article reference 67\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.05.034\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXht1GlsbjF\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 67\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38824900\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 67\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 67\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Folic%20acid%20supplementation%20for%20stroke%20prevention%3A%20A%20systematic%20review%20and%20meta-analysis%20of%2021%20randomized%20clinical%20trials%20worldwide&amp;journal=Clin%20Nutr&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.clnu.2024.05.034&amp;volume=43&amp;issue=7&amp;pages=1706-16&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Zhang%2CN&amp;author=Zhou%2CZ&amp;author=Chi%2CX&amp;author=Fan%2CF&amp;author=Li%2CS&amp;author=Song%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR68\">Tighe P, Ward M, McNulty H, Finnegan O, Dunne A, Strain JJ, et al. A dose-finding trial of the effect of long-term folic acid intervention: implications for food fortification policy. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(1):11\u20138.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29427\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29427\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945%2Fajcn.2010.29427\" aria-label=\"Article reference 68\" data-doi=\"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29427\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXls1Cltw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 68\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20980493\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 68\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 68\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20dose-finding%20trial%20of%20the%20effect%20of%20long-term%20folic%20acid%20intervention%3A%20implications%20for%20food%20fortification%20policy&amp;journal=Am%20J%20Clin%20Nutr&amp;doi=10.3945%2Fajcn.2010.29427&amp;volume=93&amp;issue=1&amp;pages=11-8&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Tighe%2CP&amp;author=Ward%2CM&amp;author=McNulty%2CH&amp;author=Finnegan%2CO&amp;author=Dunne%2CA&amp;author=Strain%2CJJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR69\">Yuan S, Mason AM, Carter P, Burgess S, Larsson SC. Homocysteine, B vitamins, and cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med. 2021;19(1) :97.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR70\">Bushnell C, Kernan WN, Sharrief AZ, Chaturvedi S, Cole JW, Cornwell WK et al. 2024 Guideline for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2024; Available from: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STR.0000000000000475\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000475\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STR.0000000000000475<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR71\">Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, et al. 2019 ACC\/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation NLM (Medline). 2019;140:e596-646.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 71\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=2019%20ACC%2FAHA%20Guideline%20on%20the%20Primary%20Prevention%20of%20Cardiovascular%20Disease%3A%20A%20Report%20of%20the%20American%20College%20of%20Cardiology%2FAmerican%20Heart%20Association%20Task%20Force%20on%20Clinical%20Practice%20Guidelines&amp;journal=Circulation.%20NLM%20%28Medline%29&amp;volume=140&amp;pages=e596-646&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Arnett%2CDK&amp;author=Blumenthal%2CRS&amp;author=Albert%2CMA&amp;author=Buroker%2CAB&amp;author=Goldberger%2CZD&amp;author=Hahn%2CEJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":123059,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[13235,36827,6637,26110,61,60,34576,16017,2361,6940,80],"class_list":["post-123058","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-technology","tag-cardiovascular","tag-clinical-nutrition","tag-folic-acid","tag-health-promotion-and-disease-prevention","tag-ie","tag-ireland","tag-meta-analysis","tag-prevention","tag-public-health","tag-stroke","tag-technology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123058","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=123058"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123058\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/123059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=123058"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=123058"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=123058"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}