“We’re going to cure so many nasty genetic diseases”Opens in new window<\/a>\u00a0]<\/p>\nHis 1968 memoir, The Double Helix, was a racy, take-no-prisoners account of how he and British physicist Dr Francis Crick were first to determine the three-dimensional shape of DNA. The achievement won the duo a share of the 1962 Nobel Prize in medicine and eventually would lead to genetic engineering, gene therapy and other DNA-based medicine and technology.<\/p>\n
Dr Crick complained that the book \u201cgrossly invaded my privacy\u201d and another colleague, Maurice Wilkins, objected to what he called a \u201cdistorted and unfavourable image of scientists\u201d as ambitious schemers willing to deceive colleagues and competitors in order to make a discovery.<\/p>\n
In addition, Dr Watson and Dr Crick, who did their research at Cambridge University in England, were widely criticised for using raw data collected by X-ray crystallographer Dr Rosalind Franklin to construct their model of DNA \u2013 as two intertwined staircases \u2013 without fully acknowledging her contribution. <\/p>\n
As Dr Watson put it in The Double Helix, scientific research feels \u201cthe contradictory pulls of ambition and the sense of fair play\u201d.<\/p>\n
In 2007, Dr Watson again caused widespread anger when he told the Times of London that he believed testing indicated the intelligence of Africans was \u201cnot really … the same as ours\u201d.<\/p>\n
Accused of promoting long-discredited racist theories, he was shortly afterwards forced to retire from his post as chancellor of New York\u2019s Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL). Although he later apologised, he made similar comments in a 2019 documentary, calling different racial attainment on IQ tests \u2013 attributed by most scientists to environmental factors \u2013 \u201cgenetic\u201d.<\/p>\n
James Dewey Watson was born in Chicago on April 6th, 1928, and graduated from the University of Chicago in 1947 with a zoology degree. He received his doctorate from Indiana University, where he focused on genetics. In 1951, he joined Cambridge\u2019s Cavendish Lab, where he met Dr Crick and began the quest for the structural chemistry of DNA.<\/p>\n
Just waiting to be found, the double helix opened the doors to the genetics revolution. In the structure Dr Crick and Dr Watson proposed, the steps of the winding staircase were made of pairs of chemicals called nucleotides or bases. As they noted at the end of their 1953 paper: \u201cIt has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material.\u201d<\/p>\n
That sentence, often called the greatest understatement in the history of biology, meant that the base-and-helix structure provided the mechanism by which genetic information can be precisely copied from one generation to the next. That understanding led to the discovery of genetic engineering and numerous other DNA techniques.<\/p>\n
Dr Watson and Dr Crick went their separate ways after their DNA research. Dr Watson was only 25 years old then and while he never made another scientific discovery approaching the significance of the double helix, he remained a scientific force.<\/p>\n
\u201cHe had to figure out what to do with his life after achieving what he did at such a young age,\u201d biologist Mark Ptashne, who met Dr Watson in the 1960s and remained a friend, told Reuters in a 2012 interview. \u201cHe figured out how to do things that played to his strength.\u201d<\/p>\n
That strength was playing \u201cthe tough Irishman\u201d, as Ptashne put it, to become one of the leaders of the US leap to the forefront of molecular biology. Dr Watson joined the biology department at Harvard University in 1956.<\/p>\n
\u201cThe existing biology department felt that molecular biology was just a flash in the pan,\u201d Harvard biochemist Guido Guidotti related. But when Dr Watson arrived, Guidotti said he immediately told everyone in the biology department \u2013 scientists whose research focused on whole organisms and populations, not cells and molecules \u2013 \u201cthat they were wasting their time and should retire\u201d.<\/p>\n
That earned Dr Watson the decades-long enmity of some of those traditional biologists, but he also attracted young scientists and graduate students who went on to forge the genetics revolution.<\/p>\n
In 1968 Dr Watson took his institution-building drive to CSHL on Long Island, splitting his time between CSHL and Harvard for eight years. The lab at the time was \u201cjust a mosquito-infested backwater\u201d, said Ptashne. As director, \u201cJim turned it into a vibrant, world-class institution\u201d.<\/p>\n
In 1990, Dr Watson was named to lead the Human Genome Project, whose goal was to determine the order of the three billion chemical units that constitute humans\u2019 full complement of DNA. When the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which funded the project, decided to seek patents on some DNA sequences, Dr Watson attacked the NIH director and resigned, arguing that genome knowledge should remain in the public domain.<\/p>\n
In 2007 he became the second person in the world to have his full genome sequenced. He made the sequence publicly available, arguing that concerns about \u201cgenetic privacy\u201d were overwrought but made an exception by saying he did not want to know if he had a gene associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. <\/p>\n
Dr Watson did have a gene associated with novelty-seeking.<\/p>\n
His proudest accomplishment, Dr Watson told an interviewer for Discover magazine in 2003, was not discovering the double helix \u2013 which \u201cwas going to be found in the next year or two\u201d anyway \u2013 but his books.<\/p>\n
\u201cMy heroes were never scientists,\u201d he said. \u201cThey were Graham Greene and Christopher Isherwood \u2013 you know, good writers.\u201d<\/p>\n
Dr Watson cherished the bad-boy image he presented to the world in The Double Helix, friends said, and he emphasised it in his 2007 book, Avoid Boring People.<\/p>\n
Married with two sons, he often disparaged women in public statements and boasted of chasing what he called \u201cpopsies\u201d. But he personally encouraged many woman scientists, including biologist Nancy Hopkins of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.<\/p>\n
\u201cI certainly couldn\u2019t have had a career in science without his support, I believe,\u201d said Dr Hopkins, long outspoken about anti-woman bias in science. \u201cJim was hugely supportive of me and other women. It\u2019s an odd thing to understand.\u201d <\/p>\n
\u2013 Reuters<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"James D Watson, the brilliant but controversial American biologist whose 1953 co-discovery of the structure of DNA, the…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":127817,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[42,43,40,38,41,39,90],"class_list":{"0":"post-127816","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-headlines","8":"tag-headlines","9":"tag-news","10":"tag-top-news","11":"tag-top-stories","12":"tag-topnews","13":"tag-topstories","14":"tag-us"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127816","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=127816"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127816\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/127817"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=127816"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=127816"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=127816"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"Francis](\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/MU2UXZBSXC4KSFM5TC7MM3QLQY.jpg\")
Francis Crick and James Watson. Photograph: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Archives\/New York Times <\/p>\n