If all goes according to NASA\u2019s plans, 2026 will finally be the year that astronauts once again launch to the moon.<\/p>\n
In a matter of months, four astronauts are poised to fly around the moon on a roughly 10-day mission \u2014 the closest humans will have gotten in more than half a century.<\/p>\n
The flight, known as Artemis II, could lift off as early as February and would be a long-awaited jump start to America\u2019s lagging return-to-the-moon program. The mission will serve as a crucial test of NASA\u2019s next-generation Space Launch System rocket and Orion spacecraft,<\/a> which have been in development for more than a decade and faced years of setbacks and severe budget overruns. The system has never carried a crew before.<\/p>\n Returning to the moon has been a priority for President Donald Trump since his first term, and the current administration has placed renewed emphasis on dominating the intensifying space race between the U.S. and China<\/a>. Chinese officials have pledged to land their own astronauts on the lunar surface by 2030.<\/p>\n Beyond the geopolitical implications, the Artemis II mission is designed to usher in a new era of space exploration, with the goal of eventually establishing bases for long-duration stays on the moon before astronauts someday venture on to Mars.<\/p>\n \u201cWithin the next three years, we are going to land American astronauts again on the moon, but this time with the infrastructure to stay,\u201d Jared Isaacman, NASA\u2019s new administrator, told NBC News in an interview last week after he was sworn in.<\/a><\/p>\n For some scientists, the excitement around returning to the moon stems from the prospect of investigating enduring mysteries about the moon\u2019s formation and evolution \u2014 such as violent collisions in the nascent solar system that created it and where its water originated \u2014 which came into focus during the Apollo program in the 1960s and 1970s.<\/p>\n \u201cAs you can imagine, lunar scientists have had a lot of pent up questions for decades,\u201d said Brett Denevi, a planetary scientist at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland.<\/p>\n Answering some of those questions could shed light on similar processes that occurred during our planet\u2019s formation, according to Denevi.<\/p>\n \u201cEarth is kind of a terrible record-keeper,\u201d she said. \u201cWith plate tectonics, weather \u2014 these things have just totally erased its very earliest history. But on the moon, you have this terrain that formed about 4.5 billion years ago, and it\u2019s just sitting there on the surface for us to explore.\u201d<\/p>\n Although the Artemis II mission won\u2019t land on the lunar surface, it will test various technologies, docking maneuvers and life-support systems \u2014 first in Earth orbit and then in orbit around the moon \u2014 that will be essential for future missions.<\/p>\n