{"id":243911,"date":"2026-01-14T09:20:13","date_gmt":"2026-01-14T09:20:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/243911\/"},"modified":"2026-01-14T09:20:13","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T09:20:13","slug":"bacillus-velezensis-mitigates-deoxynivalenol-induced-intestinal-inflammation-and-liver-injury-via-modulating-the-gut-microbiota","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/243911\/","title":{"rendered":"Bacillus velezensis mitigates deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal inflammation and liver injury via modulating the gut microbiota"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Pestka, J. Toxicological mechanisms and potential health effects of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol. World Mycotoxin J. 3, 323\u2013347 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Toxicological%20mechanisms%20and%20potential%20health%20effects%20of%20deoxynivalenol%20and%20nivalenol&amp;journal=World%20Mycotoxin%20J.&amp;volume=3&amp;pages=323-347&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Pestka%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Ndiaye, S. et al. Current review of mycotoxin biodegradation and bioadsorption: microorganisms, mechanisms, and main important applications. Toxins 14, 729 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Current%20review%20of%20mycotoxin%20biodegradation%20and%20bioadsorption%3A%20microorganisms%2C%20mechanisms%2C%20and%20main%20important%20applications&amp;journal=Toxins&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Ndiaye%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Alassane-Kpembi, I. et al. Co-exposure to low doses of the food contaminants deoxynivalenol and nivalenol has a synergistic inflammatory effect on intestinal explants. Arch. Toxicol. 91, 2677\u20132687 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Co-exposure%20to%20low%20doses%20of%20the%20food%20contaminants%20deoxynivalenol%20and%20nivalenol%20has%20a%20synergistic%20inflammatory%20effect%20on%20intestinal%20explants&amp;journal=Arch.%20Toxicol.&amp;volume=91&amp;pages=2677-2687&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Alassane-Kpembi%2CI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Hasuda, A. L. et al. Deoxynivalenol induces apoptosis and inflammation in the liver: analysis using precision-cut liver slices. Food Chem. Toxicol. 163, 112930 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Deoxynivalenol%20induces%20apoptosis%20and%20inflammation%20in%20the%20liver%3A%20analysis%20using%20precision-cut%20liver%20slices&amp;journal=Food%20Chem.%20Toxicol.&amp;volume=163&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Hasuda%2CAL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Wang, P. et al. Effective protective agents against organ toxicity of deoxynivalenol and their detoxification mechanisms: a review. Food Chem. Toxicol. 182, 114121 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Effective%20protective%20agents%20against%20organ%20toxicity%20of%20deoxynivalenol%20and%20their%20detoxification%20mechanisms%3A%20a%20review&amp;journal=Food%20Chem.%20Toxicol.&amp;volume=182&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Wang%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Zhang, Y. et al. Deoxynivalenol: occurrence, toxicity, and degradation. Food Control 155, 110027 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Deoxynivalenol%3A%20occurrence%2C%20toxicity%2C%20and%20degradation&amp;journal=Food%20Control&amp;volume=155&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Zhang%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Murtaza, B. et al. Recalling the reported toxicity assessment of deoxynivalenol, mitigating strategies and its toxicity mechanisms: comprehensive review. Chem.-Biol. Interact. 387, 110799 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Recalling%20the%20reported%20toxicity%20assessment%20of%20deoxynivalenol%2C%20mitigating%20strategies%20and%20its%20toxicity%20mechanisms%3A%20comprehensive%20review&amp;journal=Chem.-Biol.%20Interact.&amp;volume=387&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Murtaza%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Tu, Y., Liu, S., Cai, P. &amp; Shan, T. Global distribution, toxicity to humans and animals, biodegradation, and nutritional mitigation of deoxynivalenol: a review. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 22, 3951\u20133983 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Global%20distribution%2C%20toxicity%20to%20humans%20and%20animals%2C%20biodegradation%2C%20and%20nutritional%20mitigation%20of%20deoxynivalenol%3A%20a%20review&amp;journal=Compr.%20Rev.%20Food%20Sci.%20Food%20Saf.&amp;volume=22&amp;pages=3951-3983&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Tu%2CY&amp;author=Liu%2CS&amp;author=Cai%2CP&amp;author=Shan%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Oguz, H. et al. In vitro mycotoxin binding capacities of clays, glucomannan and their combinations. Toxicon 214, 93\u2013103 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=In%20vitro%20mycotoxin%20binding%20capacities%20of%20clays%2C%20glucomannan%20and%20their%20combinations&amp;journal=Toxicon&amp;volume=214&amp;pages=93-103&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Oguz%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Tapingkae, W. et al. IndustriaL-scale production of mycotoxin binder from the red yeast Sporidiobolus pararoseus KM281507. J. Fungi 8, 353 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=IndustriaL-scale%20production%20of%20mycotoxin%20binder%20from%20the%20red%20yeast%20Sporidiobolus%20pararoseus%20KM281507&amp;journal=J.%20Fungi&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Tapingkae%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Tian, Y. et al. Elimination of Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) via microbial and enzymatic strategies: Current status and future perspectives. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 124, 96\u2013107 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Elimination%20of%20Fusarium%20mycotoxin%20deoxynivalenol%20%28DON%29%20via%20microbial%20and%20enzymatic%20strategies%3A%20Current%20status%20and%20future%20perspectives&amp;journal=Trends%20Food%20Sci.%20Technol.&amp;volume=124&amp;pages=96-107&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Tian%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Ben Taheur, F., Kouidhi, B., Al Qurashi, Y. M. A., Ben Salah-Abb\u00e8s, J. &amp; Chaieb, K. Review: Biotechnology of mycotoxins detoxification using microorganisms and enzymes. Toxicon 160, 12\u201322 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Review%3A%20Biotechnology%20of%20mycotoxins%20detoxification%20using%20microorganisms%20and%20enzymes&amp;journal=Toxicon&amp;volume=160&amp;pages=12-22&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Taheur%2CF&amp;author=Kouidhi%2CB&amp;author=Al%20Qurashi%2CYMA&amp;author=Salah-Abb%C3%A8s%2CJ&amp;author=Chaieb%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Recharla, N., Park, S., Kim, M., Kim, B. &amp; Jeong, J. Y. Protective effects of biological feed additives on gut microbiota and the health of pigs exposed to deoxynivalenol: a review. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 64, 640\u2013653 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Protective%20effects%20of%20biological%20feed%20additives%20on%20gut%20microbiota%20and%20the%20health%20of%20pigs%20exposed%20to%20deoxynivalenol%3A%20a%20review&amp;journal=J.%20Anim.%20Sci.%20Technol.&amp;volume=64&amp;pages=640-653&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Recharla%2CN&amp;author=Park%2CS&amp;author=Kim%2CM&amp;author=Kim%2CB&amp;author=Jeong%2CJY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Jeong, J. Y., Kim, J., Kim, M. &amp; Park, S. Efficacy of high-dose synbiotic additives for deoxynivalenol detoxification: effects on blood biochemistry, histology, and intestinal microbiome in weaned piglets. Biology 13, 889 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Efficacy%20of%20high-dose%20synbiotic%20additives%20for%20deoxynivalenol%20detoxification%3A%20effects%20on%20blood%20biochemistry%2C%20histology%2C%20and%20intestinal%20microbiome%20in%20weaned%20piglets&amp;journal=Biology&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Jeong%2CJY&amp;author=Kim%2CJ&amp;author=Kim%2CM&amp;author=Park%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Wang, X., Yong, C. C. &amp; Oh, S. Metabolites of Latilactobacillus curvatus BYB3 and indole activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor to attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. Food Sci. Anim. Resour. 42, 1046\u20131060 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Metabolites%20of%20Latilactobacillus%20curvatus%20BYB3%20and%20indole%20activate%20aryl%20hydrocarbon%20receptor%20to%20attenuate%20lipopolysaccharide-induced%20intestinal%20barrier%20dysfunction&amp;journal=Food%20Sci.%20Anim.%20Resour.&amp;volume=42&amp;pages=1046-1060&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Wang%2CX&amp;author=Yong%2CCC&amp;author=Oh%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Khalid, F. et al. Potential of Bacillus velezensis as a probiotic in animal feed: a review. J. Microbiol. 59, 627\u2013633 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Potential%20of%20Bacillus%20velezensis%20as%20a%20probiotic%20in%20animal%20feed%3A%20a%20review&amp;journal=J.%20Microbiol.&amp;volume=59&amp;pages=627-633&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Khalid%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Li, C. et al. Screening and characterization of Bacillus velezensis LB-Y-1 toward selection as a potential probiotic for poultry with multi-enzyme production property. Front. Microbiol. 14, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1143265\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1143265\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1143265<\/a> (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Dhouib, H. et al. Potential of a novel endophytic Bacillus velezensis in tomato growth promotion and protection against Verticillium wilt disease. Biol. Control 139, 104092 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Potential%20of%20a%20novel%20endophytic%20Bacillus%20velezensis%20in%20tomato%20growth%20promotion%20and%20protection%20against%20Verticillium%20wilt%20disease&amp;journal=Biol.%20Control&amp;volume=139&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Dhouib%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Zeng, J., Huang, W., Tian, X., Hu, X. &amp; Wu, Z. Brewer\u2019s spent grain fermentation improves its soluble sugar and protein as well as enzymatic activities using Bacillus velezensis. Process Biochem. 111, 12\u201320 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Brewer%E2%80%99s%20spent%20grain%20fermentation%20improves%20its%20soluble%20sugar%20and%20protein%20as%20well%20as%20enzymatic%20activities%20using%20Bacillus%20velezensis&amp;journal=Process%20Biochem.&amp;volume=111&amp;pages=12-20&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Zeng%2CJ&amp;author=Huang%2CW&amp;author=Tian%2CX&amp;author=Hu%2CX&amp;author=Wu%2CZ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Liu, Y. et al. Dietary Bacillus velezensis KNF-209 supplementation improves growth performance, enhances immunity, and promotes gut health in broilers. Poultry Sci. 103, 103946 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dietary%20Bacillus%20velezensis%20KNF-209%20supplementation%20improves%20growth%20performance%2C%20enhances%20immunity%2C%20and%20promotes%20gut%20health%20in%20broilers&amp;journal=Poultry%20Sci.&amp;volume=103&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Liu%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Chen, J., Zhang, X., He, Z., Xiong, D. &amp; Long, M. Damage on intestinal barrier function and microbial detoxification of deoxynivalenol: a review. J. Integr. Agric. 23, 2507\u20132524 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Damage%20on%20intestinal%20barrier%20function%20and%20microbial%20detoxification%20of%20deoxynivalenol%3A%20a%20review&amp;journal=J.%20Integr.%20Agric.&amp;volume=23&amp;pages=2507-2524&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Chen%2CJ&amp;author=Zhang%2CX&amp;author=He%2CZ&amp;author=Xiong%2CD&amp;author=Long%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Liu, M. et al. Chitosan oligosaccharide alleviates DON-induced liver injury via suppressing ferroptosis in mice. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 290, 117530 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Chitosan%20oligosaccharide%20alleviates%20DON-induced%20liver%20injury%20via%20suppressing%20ferroptosis%20in%20mice&amp;journal=Ecotoxicol.%20Environ.%20Saf.&amp;volume=290&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Liu%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Bai, Y. et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorates DON-induced intestinal damage depending on the enrichment of beneficial bacteria in weaned piglets. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 13, 90 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 23\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Lactobacillus%20rhamnosus%20GG%20ameliorates%20DON-induced%20intestinal%20damage%20depending%20on%20the%20enrichment%20of%20beneficial%20bacteria%20in%20weaned%20piglets&amp;journal=J.%20Anim.%20Sci.%20Biotechnol.&amp;volume=13&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Bai%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Pabst, O. et al. Gut-liver axis: barriers and functional circuits. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 20, 447\u2013461 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Gut-liver%20axis%3A%20barriers%20and%20functional%20circuits&amp;journal=Nat.%20Rev.%20Gastroenterol.%20Hepatol.&amp;volume=20&amp;pages=447-461&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Pabst%2CO\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Zheng, Z. &amp; Wang, B. The gut-liver axis in health and disease: the role of gut microbiota-derived signals in liver injury and regeneration. Front. Immunol. 12, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.775526\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.775526\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.775526<\/a> (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Farid, W. et al. Gastrointestinal transit tolerance, cell surface hydrophobicity, and functional attributes of Lactobacillus Acidophilus strains isolated from Indigenous Dahi. Food Sci. Nutr. 9, 5092\u20135102 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Gastrointestinal%20transit%20tolerance%2C%20cell%20surface%20hydrophobicity%2C%20and%20functional%20attributes%20of%20Lactobacillus%20Acidophilus%20strains%20isolated%20from%20Indigenous%20Dahi&amp;journal=Food%20Sci.%20Nutr.&amp;volume=9&amp;pages=5092-5102&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Farid%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Li, S. et al. Oral delivery of bacteria: Basic principles and biomedical applications. J. Control. Release 327, 801\u2013833 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Oral%20delivery%20of%20bacteria%3A%20Basic%20principles%20and%20biomedical%20applications&amp;journal=J.%20Control.%20Release&amp;volume=327&amp;pages=801-833&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Li%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Tsang, R. S. W. et al. Culture-Confirmed Invasive meningococcal disease in Canada, 2010 to 2014: characterization of Serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis strains and their predicted coverage by the 4CMenB vaccine. mSphere 5, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mSphere.00883-19\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1128\/mSphere.00883-19\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mSphere.00883-19<\/a> (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Deng, Y. et al. Deoxynivalenol: emerging toxic mechanisms and control strategies, current and future perspectives. J. Agricult. Food Chem. 71, 10901\u201310915 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Deoxynivalenol%3A%20emerging%20toxic%20mechanisms%20and%20control%20strategies%2C%20current%20and%20future%20perspectives&amp;journal=J.%20Agricult.%20Food%20Chem.&amp;volume=71&amp;pages=10901-10915&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Deng%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Liu, D., Wang, Q., He, W., Ge, L. &amp; Huang, K. Deoxynivalenol aggravates the immunosuppression in piglets and PAMs under the condition of PEDV infection through inhibiting TLR4\/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 231, 113209 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Deoxynivalenol%20aggravates%20the%20immunosuppression%20in%20piglets%20and%20PAMs%20under%20the%20condition%20of%20PEDV%20infection%20through%20inhibiting%20TLR4%2FNLRP3%20signaling%20pathway&amp;journal=Ecotoxicol.%20Environ.%20Saf.&amp;volume=231&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Liu%2CD&amp;author=Wang%2CQ&amp;author=He%2CW&amp;author=Ge%2CL&amp;author=Huang%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Zhao, W. et al. Modulating effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on immune disorders via gut microbiota and the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathway in rats with syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 24, 650\u2013662 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 31\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Modulating%20effects%20of%20Astragalus%20polysaccharide%20on%20immune%20disorders%20via%20gut%20microbiota%20and%20the%20TLR4%2FNF-%CE%BAB%20pathway%20in%20rats%20with%20syndrome%20of%20dampness%20stagnancy%20due%20to%20spleen%20deficiency&amp;journal=J.%20Zhejiang%20Univ.%20Sci.%20B&amp;volume=24&amp;pages=650-662&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Zhao%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Kamle, M. et al. Deoxynivalenol: an overview on occurrence, chemistry, biosynthesis, health effects and its detection, management, and control strategies in food and feed. Microbiol. Res. 13, 292\u2013314 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Deoxynivalenol%3A%20an%20overview%20on%20occurrence%2C%20chemistry%2C%20biosynthesis%2C%20health%20effects%20and%20its%20detection%2C%20management%2C%20and%20control%20strategies%20in%20food%20and%20feed&amp;journal=Microbiol.%20Res.&amp;volume=13&amp;pages=292-314&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Kamle%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Zhao, X. et al. Contamination and biotransformation of deoxynivalenol (DON) in common commercial foods: current status, challenges and future perspectives. Green Synth. Catal. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gresc.2025.04.008\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.gresc.2025.04.008\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gresc.2025.04.008<\/a> (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Wang, L. L. et al. Food raw materials and food production occurrences of deoxynivalenol in different regions. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 83, 41\u201352 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Food%20raw%20materials%20and%20food%20production%20occurrences%20of%20deoxynivalenol%20in%20different%20regions&amp;journal=Trends%20Food%20Sci.%20Technol.&amp;volume=83&amp;pages=41-52&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Wang%2CLL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Zhu La, A. T. et al. A New Bacillus velezensis strain CML532 improves chicken growth performance and reduces intestinal clostridium perfringens colonization. Microorganisms 12, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12040771\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.3390\/microorganisms12040771\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12040771<\/a> (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Dong, W. et al. Isolation of Bacillus licheniformis and its protective effect on liver oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by aflatoxin B1. Poultry Sci. 103, 104079 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Isolation%20of%20Bacillus%20licheniformis%20and%20its%20protective%20effect%20on%20liver%20oxidative%20stress%20and%20apoptosis%20induced%20by%20aflatoxin%20B1&amp;journal=Poultry%20Sci.&amp;volume=103&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Dong%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Zhang, Q. et al. Characterization and antioxidant activity of released exopolysaccharide from potential probiotic Leuconostoc mesenteroides LM187. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 31, 1144\u20131153 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 37\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Characterization%20and%20antioxidant%20activity%20of%20released%20exopolysaccharide%20from%20potential%20probiotic%20Leuconostoc%20mesenteroides%20LM187&amp;journal=J.%20Microbiol.%20Biotechnol.&amp;volume=31&amp;pages=1144-1153&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Zhang%2CQ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Bai, Y. et al. Gut microbiota mediates Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG alleviation of deoxynivalenol-induced anorexia. J. Agricult. Food Chem. 71, 8164\u20138181 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 38\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Gut%20microbiota%20mediates%20Lactobacillus%20rhamnosus%20GG%20alleviation%20of%20deoxynivalenol-induced%20anorexia&amp;journal=J.%20Agricult.%20Food%20Chem.&amp;volume=71&amp;pages=8164-8181&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Bai%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Broekaert, N., Devreese, M., De Baere, S., De Backer, P. &amp; Croubels, S. Modified Fusarium mycotoxins unmasked: From occurrence in cereals to animal and human excretion. Food Chem. Toxicol. 80, 17\u201331 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Modified%20Fusarium%20mycotoxins%20unmasked%3A%20From%20occurrence%20in%20cereals%20to%20animal%20and%20human%20excretion&amp;journal=Food%20Chem.%20Toxicol.&amp;volume=80&amp;pages=17-31&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Broekaert%2CN&amp;author=Devreese%2CM&amp;author=Baere%2CS&amp;author=Backer%2CP&amp;author=Croubels%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Zhang, Y. et al. Deoxynivalenol: occurrence, toxicity, and degradation. Food Control 155,110027 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Monastero, R. N. &amp; Pentyala, S. Cytokines as biomarkers and their respective clinical cutoff levels. Int. J. Inflamm. 2017, 4309485 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 41\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Cytokines%20as%20biomarkers%20and%20their%20respective%20clinical%20cutoff%20levels&amp;journal=Int.%20J.%20Inflamm.&amp;volume=2017&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Monastero%2CRN&amp;author=Pentyala%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Ma, R. et al. Detoxification of DON-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by cold atmospheric plasma. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 280, 116547 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 42\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Detoxification%20of%20DON-induced%20hepatotoxicity%20in%20mice%20by%20cold%20atmospheric%20plasma&amp;journal=Ecotoxicol.%20Environ.%20Saf.&amp;volume=280&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Ma%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Kiela, P. R. &amp; Ghishan, F. K. Physiology of intestinal absorption and secretion. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 30, 145\u2013159 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 43\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Physiology%20of%20intestinal%20absorption%20and%20secretion&amp;journal=Best%20Pract.%20Res.%20Clin.%20Gastroenterol.&amp;volume=30&amp;pages=145-159&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Kiela%2CPR&amp;author=Ghishan%2CFK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Hanyu, H. et al. Mycotoxin deoxynivalenol has different impacts on intestinal barrier and stem cells by its route of exposure. Toxins 12, 610 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 44\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Mycotoxin%20deoxynivalenol%20has%20different%20impacts%20on%20intestinal%20barrier%20and%20stem%20cells%20by%20its%20route%20of%20exposure&amp;journal=Toxins&amp;volume=12&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Hanyu%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Zeisel, M. B., Dhawan, P. &amp; Baumert, T. F. Tight junction proteins in gastrointestinal and liver disease. Gut 68, 547\u2013561 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 45\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tight%20junction%20proteins%20in%20gastrointestinal%20and%20liver%20disease&amp;journal=Gut&amp;volume=68&amp;pages=547-561&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Zeisel%2CMB&amp;author=Dhawan%2CP&amp;author=Baumert%2CTF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Liao, S. et al. Chloroquine improves deoxynivalenol-induced inflammatory response and intestinal mucosal damage in piglets. Oxid. Med. Cel. Longev. 2020, 1\u201313 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 46\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Chloroquine%20improves%20deoxynivalenol-induced%20inflammatory%20response%20and%20intestinal%20mucosal%20damage%20in%20piglets&amp;journal=Oxid.%20Med.%20Cel.%20Longev.&amp;volume=2020&amp;pages=1-13&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Liao%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Ge, L. et al. Nontoxic-dose deoxynivalenol aggravates lipopolysaccharides-induced inflammation and tight junction disorder in IPEC-J2 cells through activation of NF-\u03baB and LC3B. Food Chem. Toxicol. 145, 111712 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 47\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Nontoxic-dose%20deoxynivalenol%20aggravates%20lipopolysaccharides-induced%20inflammation%20and%20tight%20junction%20disorder%20in%20IPEC-J2%20cells%20through%20activation%20of%20NF-%CE%BAB%20and%20LC3B&amp;journal=Food%20Chem.%20Toxicol.&amp;volume=145&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Ge%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Selwyn, F. P., Cheng, S. L., Klaassen, C. D. &amp; Cui, J. Y. Regulation of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in germ-free mice by conventionalization and probiotics. Drug Metabol. Dispos. 44, 262\u2013274 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 48\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Regulation%20of%20hepatic%20drug-metabolizing%20enzymes%20in%20germ-free%20mice%20by%20conventionalization%20and%20probiotics&amp;journal=Drug%20Metabol.%20Dispos.&amp;volume=44&amp;pages=262-274&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Selwyn%2CFP&amp;author=Cheng%2CSL&amp;author=Klaassen%2CCD&amp;author=Cui%2CJY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Chen, B. et al. Complete genome analysis of Bacillus velezensis TS5 and its potential as a probiotic strain in mice. Front. Microbiol. 14, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1322910\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1322910\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1322910<\/a> (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">Chelakkot, C., Ghim, J. &amp; Ryu, S. H. Mechanisms regulating intestinal barrier integrity and its pathological implications. Exp. Mol. Med. 50, 1\u20139 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 50\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Mechanisms%20regulating%20intestinal%20barrier%20integrity%20and%20its%20pathological%20implications&amp;journal=Exp.%20Mol.%20Med.&amp;volume=50&amp;pages=1-9&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Chelakkot%2CC&amp;author=Ghim%2CJ&amp;author=Ryu%2CSH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Wan, S. et al. Baicalin ameliorates the gut barrier function and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens. Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. 56, 634\u2013644 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 51\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Baicalin%20ameliorates%20the%20gut%20barrier%20function%20and%20intestinal%20microbiota%20of%20broiler%20chickens&amp;journal=Acta%20Biochim.%20Biophys.%20Sin.&amp;volume=56&amp;pages=634-644&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Wan%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">Lin, R. et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplementation modulates the gut microbiota to promote butyrate production, protecting against deoxynivalenol exposure in nude mice. Biochem. Pharmacol. 175, 113868 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 52\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Lactobacillus%20rhamnosus%20GG%20supplementation%20modulates%20the%20gut%20microbiota%20to%20promote%20butyrate%20production%2C%20protecting%20against%20deoxynivalenol%20exposure%20in%20nude%20mice&amp;journal=Biochem.%20Pharmacol.&amp;volume=175&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Lin%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Ma, K. et al. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorates deoxynivalenol-induced kidney oxidative damage and mitochondrial injury in weaned piglets. Food Funct. 13, 3905\u20133916 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 53\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Lactobacillus%20rhamnosus%20GG%20ameliorates%20deoxynivalenol-induced%20kidney%20oxidative%20damage%20and%20mitochondrial%20injury%20in%20weaned%20piglets&amp;journal=Food%20Funct.&amp;volume=13&amp;pages=3905-3916&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Ma%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">Hays, K. E., Pfaffinger, J. M. &amp; Ryznar, R. The interplay between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and implications for host health and disease. Gut Microbes 16, 2393270 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 54\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20interplay%20between%20gut%20microbiota%2C%20short-chain%20fatty%20acids%2C%20and%20implications%20for%20host%20health%20and%20disease&amp;journal=Gut%20Microbes&amp;volume=16&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Hays%2CKE&amp;author=Pfaffinger%2CJM&amp;author=Ryznar%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Yao, Y. et al. The role of short-chain fatty acids in immunity, inflammation and metabolism. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 62, 1\u201312 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 55\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20role%20of%20short-chain%20fatty%20acids%20in%20immunity%2C%20inflammation%20and%20metabolism&amp;journal=Crit.%20Rev.%20Food%20Sci.%20Nutr.&amp;volume=62&amp;pages=1-12&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Yao%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">Bruneau, A., Hundertmark, J., Guillot, A. &amp; Tacke, F. Molecular and cellular mediators of the gut-liver axis in the progression of liver diseases. Front. Med. 8, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.725390\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fmed.2021.725390\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.725390<\/a> (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR57\">Pestka, J. &amp; Zhou, H.-R. Toll-like receptor priming sensitizes macrophages to proinflammatory cytokine gene induction by deoxynivalenol and other toxicants. Toxicol. Sci. 92, 445\u2013455 (2006).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 57\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Toll-like%20receptor%20priming%20sensitizes%20macrophages%20to%20proinflammatory%20cytokine%20gene%20induction%20by%20deoxynivalenol%20and%20other%20toxicants&amp;journal=Toxicol.%20Sci.&amp;volume=92&amp;pages=445-455&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Pestka%2CJ&amp;author=Zhou%2CH-R\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR58\">Fang, J., Yang, Y. &amp; Xie, W. Chinese expert consensus on the application of live combined Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus powder\/capsule in digestive system diseases (2021). J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 38, 1089\u20131098 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 58\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Chinese%20expert%20consensus%20on%20the%20application%20of%20live%20combined%20Bifidobacterium%2C%20Lactobacillus%2C%20and%20Enterococcus%20powder%2Fcapsule%20in%20digestive%20system%20diseases%20%282021%29&amp;journal=J.%20Gastroenterol.%20Hepatol.&amp;volume=38&amp;pages=1089-1098&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Fang%2CJ&amp;author=Yang%2CY&amp;author=Xie%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR59\">Yi, R., Zhou, X., Liu, T., Xue, R. &amp; Yang, Z. Amelioration effect of Lactobacillus plantarum KFY02 on low-fiber diet-induced constipation in mice by regulating gut microbiota. Front. Nutr. 9, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.938869\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fnut.2022.938869\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.938869<\/a> (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR60\">Al-Sadi, R. et al. Lactobacillus acidophilus induces a strain- specific and toll-like receptor 2-dependent enhancement of intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier and protection against intestinal inflammation. Am. J. Pathol. 191, 872\u2013884 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 60\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Lactobacillus%20acidophilus%20induces%20a%20strain-%20specific%20and%20toll-like%20receptor%202-dependent%20enhancement%20of%20intestinal%20epithelial%20tight%20junction%20barrier%20and%20protection%20against%20intestinal%20inflammation&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Pathol.&amp;volume=191&amp;pages=872-884&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Al-Sadi%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR61\">Niu, H. et al. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus MN-431 producing indole derivatives on complementary feeding-induced diarrhea rat pups through the enhancement of the intestinal barrier function. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 66, 2100619 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 61\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Effect%20of%20Lactobacillus%20rhamnosus%20MN-431%20producing%20indole%20derivatives%20on%20complementary%20feeding-induced%20diarrhea%20rat%20pups%20through%20the%20enhancement%20of%20the%20intestinal%20barrier%20function&amp;journal=Mol.%20Nutr.%20Food%20Res.&amp;volume=66&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Niu%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR62\">Lai, H. C. et al. Gut microbiota modulates COPD pathogenesis: role of anti-inflammatory Parabacteroides goldsteinii lipopolysaccharide. Gut 71, 309\u2013321 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 62\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Gut%20microbiota%20modulates%20COPD%20pathogenesis%3A%20role%20of%20anti-inflammatory%20Parabacteroides%20goldsteinii%20lipopolysaccharide&amp;journal=Gut&amp;volume=71&amp;pages=309-321&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Lai%2CHC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR63\">Tan, H., Zhao, J., Zhang, H., Zhai, Q. &amp; Chen, W. Novel strains of Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides ovatus alleviate the LPS-induced inflammation in mice. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 103, 2353\u20132365 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 63\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Novel%20strains%20of%20Bacteroides%20fragilis%20and%20Bacteroides%20ovatus%20alleviate%20the%20LPS-induced%20inflammation%20in%20mice&amp;journal=Appl.%20Microbiol.%20Biotechnol.&amp;volume=103&amp;pages=2353-2365&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Tan%2CH&amp;author=Zhao%2CJ&amp;author=Zhang%2CH&amp;author=Zhai%2CQ&amp;author=Chen%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR64\">Liu, C. et al. Epigallocatechin gallate alleviates Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A-induced intestinal barrier damage by regulating gut microbiota and inhibiting the TLR4-NF-\u03baB\/MAPKs-NLRP3 inflammatory cascade. J. Agricult. Food Chem. 71, 16286\u201316302 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 64\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Epigallocatechin%20gallate%20alleviates%20Staphylococcal%20Enterotoxin%20A-induced%20intestinal%20barrier%20damage%20by%20regulating%20gut%20microbiota%20and%20inhibiting%20the%20TLR4-NF-%CE%BAB%2FMAPKs-NLRP3%20inflammatory%20cascade&amp;journal=J.%20Agricult.%20Food%20Chem.&amp;volume=71&amp;pages=16286-16302&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Liu%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR65\">Mao, X. et al. Deoxynivalenol induces caspase-3\/GSDME-dependent pyroptosis and inflammation in mouse liver and HepaRG cells. Arch. Toxicol. 96, 3091\u20133112 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 65\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Deoxynivalenol%20induces%20caspase-3%2FGSDME-dependent%20pyroptosis%20and%20inflammation%20in%20mouse%20liver%20and%20HepaRG%20cells&amp;journal=Arch.%20Toxicol.&amp;volume=96&amp;pages=3091-3112&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Mao%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR66\">Mennah-Govela, Y. A., Swackhamer, C. &amp; Bornhorst, G. M. Gastric secretion rate and protein concentration impact intragastric pH and protein hydrolysis during dynamic in vitro gastric digestion. Food Hydrocoll. Health 1, 100027 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 66\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Gastric%20secretion%20rate%20and%20protein%20concentration%20impact%20intragastric%20pH%20and%20protein%20hydrolysis%20during%20dynamic%20in%20vitro%20gastric%20digestion&amp;journal=Food%20Hydrocoll.%20Health&amp;volume=1&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Mennah-Govela%2CYA&amp;author=Swackhamer%2CC&amp;author=Bornhorst%2CGM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR67\">Jiang, Y. et al. Oral administration of Bacillus cereus GW-01 alleviates the accumulation and detrimental effects of ?-cypermethrin in mice. Chemosphere 312, 137333 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 67\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Oral%20administration%20of%20Bacillus%20cereus%20GW-01%20alleviates%20the%20accumulation%20and%20detrimental%20effects%20of%20%3F-cypermethrin%20in%20mice&amp;journal=Chemosphere&amp;volume=312&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Jiang%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR68\">Qi, N. et al. Isolation and characterization of a novel hydrolase-producing probiotic Bacillus licheniformis and its application in the fermentation of soybean meal. Front. Nutr. 10, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1123422\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1123422\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1123422<\/a> (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR69\">Zhao, J. et al. Mechanism of \u03b2-cypermethrin metabolism by Bacillus cereus GW-01. Chem. Eng. J. 430, 132961 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 69\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Mechanism%20of%20%CE%B2-cypermethrin%20metabolism%20by%20Bacillus%20cereus%20GW-01&amp;journal=Chem.%20Eng.%20J.&amp;volume=430&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Zhao%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR70\">Kuebutornye, F. K. A. et al. In vitro assessment of the probiotic characteristics of three Bacillus species from the gut of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Probiot. Antimicrob. Proteins 12, 412\u2013424 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 70\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=In%20vitro%20assessment%20of%20the%20probiotic%20characteristics%20of%20three%20Bacillus%20species%20from%20the%20gut%20of%20Nile%20Tilapia%2C%20Oreochromis%20niloticus&amp;journal=Probiot.%20Antimicrob.%20Proteins&amp;volume=12&amp;pages=412-424&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Kuebutornye%2CFKA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR71\">Fern\u00e1ndez, M. F., Boris, S. &amp; Barb\u00e9s, C. Probiotic properties of human lactobacilli strains to be used in the gastrointestinal tract. J. Appl. Microbiol. 94, 449\u2013455 (2003).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 71\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Probiotic%20properties%20of%20human%20lactobacilli%20strains%20to%20be%20used%20in%20the%20gastrointestinal%20tract&amp;journal=J.%20Appl.%20Microbiol.&amp;volume=94&amp;pages=449-455&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;author=Fern%C3%A1ndez%2CMF&amp;author=Boris%2CS&amp;author=Barb%C3%A9s%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR72\">Kang, R. et al. Toxicokinetics of deoxynivalenol in Dezhou male donkeys after oral administration. Toxins 15, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins15070426\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.3390\/toxins15070426\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins15070426<\/a> (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR73\">Luo, J., Xiao, S., Wang, B., Cai, Y. &amp; Wang, J. In vitro fermentation of pineapple-whey protein fermentation product on human intestinal microbiota derived from fecal microbiota transplant donors. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 191, 115637 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 73\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=In%20vitro%20fermentation%20of%20pineapple-whey%20protein%20fermentation%20product%20on%20human%20intestinal%20microbiota%20derived%20from%20fecal%20microbiota%20transplant%20donors&amp;journal=LWT-Food%20Sci.%20Technol.&amp;volume=191&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Luo%2CJ&amp;author=Xiao%2CS&amp;author=Wang%2CB&amp;author=Cai%2CY&amp;author=Wang%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Pestka, J. Toxicological mechanisms and potential health effects of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol. World Mycotoxin J. 3, 323\u2013347 (2010).&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":243912,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[2368,85389,113741,495,1437,397,61,60,2746,446,82],"class_list":{"0":"post-243911","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-science","8":"tag-biotechnology","9":"tag-chemistry-food-science","10":"tag-food-microbiology","11":"tag-food-science","12":"tag-general","13":"tag-health-care","14":"tag-ie","15":"tag-ireland","16":"tag-microbiology","17":"tag-nutrition","18":"tag-science"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/243911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=243911"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/243911\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/243912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=243911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=243911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=243911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}