{"id":410797,"date":"2026-04-21T23:15:16","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T23:15:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/410797\/"},"modified":"2026-04-21T23:15:16","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T23:15:16","slug":"how-big-is-big-g-mystery-deepens-after-ten-year-effort-to-measure-gravitys-strength","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/410797\/","title":{"rendered":"How big is Big G? Mystery deepens after ten-year effort to measure gravity\u2019s strength"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"figure__image\" alt=\"NIST scientists crouching low examine a torsion balance.\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/d41586-026-01284-3_52310484.jpg\"\/><\/p>\n<p class=\"figure__caption u-sans-serif\">Stephan Schlamminger (left) and colleague Vincent Lee with the equipment used to measure big G.Credit: R. Eskalis\/NIST<\/p>\n<p>The value of the constant that describes the gravitational pull between objects, Big G, continues to baffle scientists. A decade-long replication experiment<a href=\"#ref-CR1\" data-track=\"click\" data-action=\"anchor-link\" data-track-label=\"go to reference\" data-track-category=\"references\">1<\/a> that involved moving equipment across the Atlantic has resulted in a number that disagrees with previous results, and also differs from the current best estimate of G.<\/p>\n<p>The new measurement gives important clues as to where the original experiment, conducted by researchers at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/501139c\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/501139c\" data-track-category=\"body text link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">in Paris and published in 2013<\/a>, went wrong. But its failure to match <a href=\"https:\/\/tsapps.nist.gov\/publication\/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=958143\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/tsapps.nist.gov\/publication\/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=958143\" data-track-category=\"body text link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the internationally agreed CODATA value<\/a> has left physicists no closer to pinning down G\u2019s true value.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-025-02509-7\" class=\"u-link-inherit\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"recommended article\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"recommended__image\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/d41586-026-01284-3_51396734.jpg\"\/><\/p>\n<p class=\"recommended__title u-serif\">Is gravity quantum? Experiments could finally probe one of physics\u2019 biggest questions<\/p>\n<p><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The work is \u201csoul draining\u201d, says Stephan Schlamminger, a physicist at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland, who led the latest work. But he says he is driven by the challenge. \u201cIt must be possible for humans to measure this number.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Studies of G have also often had to be a side hustle for scientists because, although it describes the strength of gravity, its value is rarely needed in practice. Most applications, such as calculating the motions of planets, only require the value of G multiplied by a mass, such as that of the Sun, and measurements can determine the combined value to high precision.<\/p>\n<p>Although hunting for G helps to \u201csharpen your axe\u201d for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01614-8\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01614-8\" data-track-category=\"body text link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">other precision experiments,<\/a> right now \u201cit\u2019s a pretty useless number\u201d, says Schlamminger.<\/p>\n<p>The \u201cmeticulous\u201d work of the NIST team should help future experimenters, says Richard Brown, a metrologist at the UK National Physical Laboratory in Teddington. The work \u201cis a great leap forward in this respect\u201d, he says.<\/p>\n<p>Fiendish force<\/p>\n<p>Efforts to measure the gravitational constant date back to 1798, and since then have expanded to encompass a variety of methods, involving swinging pendulums, balancing masses and charting the paths taken by atoms. \u201cIn my opinion, it is the most challenging laboratory experiment of all,\u201d says Christian Rothleitner, a physicist at the German National Metrology Institute (PTB) in Braunschweig.<\/p>\n<p>Part of the problem is that, compared with the other forces of nature \u2014 electromagnetism and the strong and weak nuclear forces \u2014 gravity is trillions of trillions of times weaker; pick up any object and you defy the pull of an entire planet. It is also impossible to shield experiments against unwanted gravitational forces, which makes G hard to isolate.<\/p>\n<p>With an uncertainty of about 1 part in 5,000, Big G remains the fundamental constant that is known least precisely today, and known experimental errors cannot account for the spread of values.<\/p>\n<p>Crisis measures<\/p>\n<p>The NIST replication effort came out of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/514150a\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/514150a\" data-track-category=\"body text link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a crisis meeting held at NIST in 2014<\/a>, which brought rival experimenters together to try to hash out a way forwards. Schlamminger was \u201croped in\u201d to try to work out why the 2013 BIPM result was such an outlier, says Jens Gundlach, an experimental physicist at the University of Washington in Seattle. \u201cThe Big G community begged him to do this and he begrudgingly took on this job.\u201d The BIPM\u2019s apparatus was shipped to NIST in 2016.<\/p>\n<p>The oldest way to determine Big G, and the one applied by Schlamminger\u2019s team and the BIPM, involves measuring the gravitational attraction between two masses \u2014 which sit at either end of a suspended rod \u2014 and two larger nearby masses, by gauging how much the pull causes the rod to twist. The most recent version involved two concentric rings of masses and used multiple ways of gauging the pull.<\/p>\n<p>To avoid unconsciously skewing the results, the team blinded the experiment by having an independent outsider add an unknown offset, which was only removed by the team at the end.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Stephan Schlamminger (left) and colleague Vincent Lee with the equipment used to measure big G.Credit: R. Eskalis\/NIST The&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":410798,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[2026,61,60,2027,248,82],"class_list":{"0":"post-410797","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-science","8":"tag-humanities-and-social-sciences","9":"tag-ie","10":"tag-ireland","11":"tag-multidisciplinary","12":"tag-physics","13":"tag-science"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/410797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=410797"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/410797\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/410798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=410797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=410797"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=410797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}