Hodgkin lymphoma<\/a> had nearly twice the mortality of the general United States population, according to a population-based retrospective cohort study of 20,057 long-term survivors.<\/p>\nThe analysis examined adults aged 20 years or older who were diagnosed with a first primary Hodgkin lymphoma between 2000 and 2017, received chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy, and survived at least 5 years after diagnosis. Follow-up was available up to December 2023.<\/p>\n
The researchers used data from 16 population-based registries within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programme to assess excess all-cause mortality among long-term survivors. Mortality was compared with expected deaths in the general United States population, accounting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, and calendar period.<\/p>\n
Nearly Twice the Expected Mortality<\/p>\n
Among the 20,057 survivors, the median age at diagnosis was 36 years. Men accounted for 53.7% of the cohort, while 15.0% were Hispanic, 10.3% were non-Hispanic Black and 69.2% were non-Hispanic White. Nodular sclerosis was reported in 63.4% of patients.<\/p>\n
During follow-up, 2,899 deaths were observed compared with 1,480.8 deaths expected in the general population. This corresponded to a standardised mortality ratio of 1.96 (95% confidence interval: 1.89\u20132.03).<\/p>\n
The excess absolute risk was 81.9 additional deaths per 10,000 patient-years (95% confidence interval: 75.8\u201388.0). Relative mortality risk was higher across all major causes of death, with malignant conditions representing the main contributors to relative mortality.<\/p>\n
However, the largest absolute number of excess deaths resulted from other noncancer causes and cardiovascular causes.<\/p>\n
Implications For Survivorship Care<\/p>\n
The findings highlighted persistent mortality risks among adults who survived Hodgkin lymphoma for at least 5 years. This is particularly relevant as improvements in treatment have contributed to a growing population of long-term survivors.<\/p>\n
Previous mortality estimates have often been based on childhood cancer survivors, patients assessed during earlier follow-up, or populations treated before contemporary treatment strategies became widely adopted. The present analysis therefore provided population-based estimates specifically focused on adults diagnosed during a more recent treatment era.<\/p>\n
The findings suggested that survivorship care should remain attentive to both cancer-related and noncancer causes of mortality. Although malignant conditions contributed substantially to relative mortality risk, cardiovascular and other noncancer causes accounted for the greatest absolute excess in deaths.<\/p>\n
Reference<\/p>\n
Valcarcel B et al. Mortality outcomes among long-term hodgkin lymphoma survivors. JAMA Netw Open. 2026;9(8):e2629775.<\/p>\n
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