{"id":675096,"date":"2026-11-04T22:08:13","date_gmt":"2026-11-04T22:08:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/675096\/"},"modified":"2026-11-04T22:08:13","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T22:08:13","slug":"the-neural-basis-of-flavour-nutrient-learning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/675096\/","title":{"rendered":"The neural basis of flavour\u2013nutrient learning"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Sclafani, A. Learned controls of ingestive behaviour. Appetite 29, 153\u2013158 (1997).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1006\/appe.1997.0120\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1006\/appe.1997.0120\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006%2Fappe.1997.0120\" aria-label=\"Article reference 1\" data-doi=\"10.1006\/appe.1997.0120\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FgvVSitg%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=9344424\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Learned%20controls%20of%20ingestive%20behaviour&amp;journal=Appetite&amp;doi=10.1006%2Fappe.1997.0120&amp;volume=29&amp;pages=153-158&amp;publication_year=1997&amp;author=Sclafani%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Capaldi, E. D. Conditioned food preferences. In Psychology of Learning and Motivation (ed. Medin, D. L.) Vol. 28, 1\u201333 (Academic, 1992).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Sclafani, A. Conditioned food preferences. Bull. Psychon. Soc. 29, 256\u2013260 (1991).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3758\/BF03342693\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3758\/BF03342693\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758%2FBF03342693\" aria-label=\"Article reference 3\" data-doi=\"10.3758\/BF03342693\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Conditioned%20food%20preferences&amp;journal=Bull.%20Psychon.%20Soc.&amp;doi=10.3758%2FBF03342693&amp;volume=29&amp;pages=256-260&amp;publication_year=1991&amp;author=Sclafani%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Holman, G. L. Intragastric reinforcement effect. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 69, 432\u2013441 (1969).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1037\/h0028233\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1037\/h0028233\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037%2Fh0028233\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.1037\/h0028233\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DyaE3c%2FivVantA%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=5349026\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Intragastric%20reinforcement%20effect&amp;journal=J.%20Comp.%20Physiol.%20Psychol.&amp;doi=10.1037%2Fh0028233&amp;volume=69&amp;pages=432-441&amp;publication_year=1969&amp;author=Holman%2CGL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Berke, J. D. What does dopamine mean? Nat. Neurosci. 21, 787\u2013793 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41593-018-0152-y\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41593-018-0152-y\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41593-018-0152-y\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41593-018-0152-y\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXpsFOltL0%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29760524\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6358212\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=What%20does%20dopamine%20mean%3F&amp;journal=Nat.%20Neurosci.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41593-018-0152-y&amp;volume=21&amp;pages=787-793&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Berke%2CJD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Saunders, B. T., Richard, J. M., Margolis, E. B. &amp; Janak, P. H. Dopamine neurons create Pavlovian conditioned stimuli with circuit-defined motivational properties. Nat. Neurosci. 21, 1072\u20131083 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41593-018-0191-4\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41593-018-0191-4\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41593-018-0191-4\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41593-018-0191-4\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhtlOis7rE\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30038277\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6082399\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dopamine%20neurons%20create%20Pavlovian%20conditioned%20stimuli%20with%20circuit-defined%20motivational%20properties&amp;journal=Nat.%20Neurosci.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41593-018-0191-4&amp;volume=21&amp;pages=1072-1083&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Saunders%2CBT&amp;author=Richard%2CJM&amp;author=Margolis%2CEB&amp;author=Janak%2CPH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Schultz, W. Multiple dopamine functions at different time courses. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 30, 259\u2013288 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135722\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135722\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146%2Fannurev.neuro.28.061604.135722\" aria-label=\"Article reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135722\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXptFKnurw%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=17600522\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Multiple%20dopamine%20functions%20at%20different%20time%20courses&amp;journal=Annu.%20Rev.%20Neurosci.&amp;doi=10.1146%2Fannurev.neuro.28.061604.135722&amp;volume=30&amp;pages=259-288&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Schultz%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Azzara, A. V., Bodnar, R. J., Delamater, A. R. &amp; Sclafani, A. D1 but not D2 dopamine receptor antagonism blocks the acquisition of a flavor preference conditioned by intragastric carbohydrate infusions. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 68, 709\u2013720 (2001).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/S0091-3057(01)00484-1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/S0091-3057(01)00484-1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2FS0091-3057%2801%2900484-1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/S0091-3057(01)00484-1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtFGnsro%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=11526968\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=D1%20but%20not%20D2%20dopamine%20receptor%20antagonism%20blocks%20the%20acquisition%20of%20a%20flavor%20preference%20conditioned%20by%20intragastric%20carbohydrate%20infusions&amp;journal=Pharmacol.%20Biochem.%20Behav.&amp;doi=10.1016%2FS0091-3057%2801%2900484-1&amp;volume=68&amp;pages=709-720&amp;publication_year=2001&amp;author=Azzara%2CAV&amp;author=Bodnar%2CRJ&amp;author=Delamater%2CAR&amp;author=Sclafani%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Touzani, K., Bodnar, R. J. &amp; Sclafani, A. Acquisition of glucose-conditioned flavor preference requires the activation of dopamine D1-like receptors within the medial prefrontal cortex in rats. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 94, 214\u2013219 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.nlm.2010.05.009\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.nlm.2010.05.009\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.nlm.2010.05.009\" aria-label=\"Article reference 9\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.nlm.2010.05.009\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVert7rP\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20566378\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2922441\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Acquisition%20of%20glucose-conditioned%20flavor%20preference%20requires%20the%20activation%20of%20dopamine%20D1-like%20receptors%20within%20the%20medial%20prefrontal%20cortex%20in%20rats&amp;journal=Neurobiol.%20Learn.%20Mem.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.nlm.2010.05.009&amp;volume=94&amp;pages=214-219&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Touzani%2CK&amp;author=Bodnar%2CRJ&amp;author=Sclafani%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Touzani, K., Bodnar, R. J. &amp; Sclafani, A. Activation of dopamine D1-like receptors in nucleus accumbens is critical for the acquisition, but not the expression, of nutrient-conditioned flavor preferences in rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 27, 1525\u20131533 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06127.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06127.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1460-9568.2008.06127.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 10\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06127.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=18336564\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Activation%20of%20dopamine%20D1-like%20receptors%20in%20nucleus%20accumbens%20is%20critical%20for%20the%20acquisition%2C%20but%20not%20the%20expression%2C%20of%20nutrient-conditioned%20flavor%20preferences%20in%20rats&amp;journal=Eur.%20J.%20Neurosci.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1460-9568.2008.06127.x&amp;volume=27&amp;pages=1525-1533&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Touzani%2CK&amp;author=Bodnar%2CRJ&amp;author=Sclafani%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Touzani, K., Bodnar, R. J. &amp; Sclafani, A. Dopamine D1-like receptor antagonism in amygdala impairs the acquisition of glucose-conditioned flavor preference in rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 30, 289\u2013298 (2009).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.06829.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.06829.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1460-9568.2009.06829.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 11\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.06829.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=19614979\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8385602\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dopamine%20D1-like%20receptor%20antagonism%20in%20amygdala%20impairs%20the%20acquisition%20of%20glucose-conditioned%20flavor%20preference%20in%20rats&amp;journal=Eur.%20J.%20Neurosci.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1460-9568.2009.06829.x&amp;volume=30&amp;pages=289-298&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Touzani%2CK&amp;author=Bodnar%2CRJ&amp;author=Sclafani%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Zukerman, S., Ackroff, K. &amp; Sclafani, A. Post-oral glucose stimulation of intake and conditioned flavor preference in C57BL\/6J mice: a concentration\u2013response study. Physiol. Behav. 109, 33\u201341 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2012.11.004\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2012.11.004\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.physbeh.2012.11.004\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2012.11.004\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtF2ktbs%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=23200639\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Post-oral%20glucose%20stimulation%20of%20intake%20and%20conditioned%20flavor%20preference%20in%20C57BL%2F6J%20mice%3A%20a%20concentration%E2%80%93response%20study&amp;journal=Physiol.%20Behav.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.physbeh.2012.11.004&amp;volume=109&amp;pages=33-41&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Zukerman%2CS&amp;author=Ackroff%2CK&amp;author=Sclafani%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Zimmerman, C. A. et al. A neural mechanism for learning from delayed postingestive feedback. Nature 642, 700\u2013709 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-025-08828-z\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-025-08828-z\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-025-08828-z\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-025-08828-z\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2MXhtlykt7fE\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 13\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=40175547\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 13\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC12176619\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 13\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20neural%20mechanism%20for%20learning%20from%20delayed%20postingestive%20feedback&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-025-08828-z&amp;volume=642&amp;pages=700-709&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Zimmerman%2CCA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Garcia, J., Ervin, F. R. &amp; Koelling, R. A. Learning with prolonged delay of reinforcement. Psychon. Sci. 5, 121\u2013122 (1966).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3758\/BF03328311\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3758\/BF03328311\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758%2FBF03328311\" aria-label=\"Article reference 14\" data-doi=\"10.3758\/BF03328311\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Learning%20with%20prolonged%20delay%20of%20reinforcement&amp;journal=Psychon.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.3758%2FBF03328311&amp;volume=5&amp;pages=121-122&amp;publication_year=1966&amp;author=Garcia%2CJ&amp;author=Ervin%2CFR&amp;author=Koelling%2CRA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Garcia, J., Lasiter, P. S., Bermudez-Rattoni, F. &amp; Deems, D. A. A general theory of aversion learning. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 443, 8\u201321 (1985).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1985.tb27060.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1985.tb27060.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.1985.tb27060.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1985.tb27060.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DyaL2M3kvFyiug%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=3860080\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20general%20theory%20of%20aversion%20learning&amp;journal=Ann.%20N.%20Y.%20Acad.%20Sci.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.1985.tb27060.x&amp;volume=443&amp;pages=8-21&amp;publication_year=1985&amp;author=Garcia%2CJ&amp;author=Lasiter%2CPS&amp;author=Bermudez-Rattoni%2CF&amp;author=Deems%2CDA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Alhadeff, A. L. et al. Natural and drug rewards engage distinct pathways that converge on coordinated hypothalamic and reward circuits. Neuron 103, 891\u2013908 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.050\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.050\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.neuron.2019.05.050\" aria-label=\"Article reference 16\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.050\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhtlSmsbnP\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31277924\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6728176\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Natural%20and%20drug%20rewards%20engage%20distinct%20pathways%20that%20converge%20on%20coordinated%20hypothalamic%20and%20reward%20circuits&amp;journal=Neuron&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.neuron.2019.05.050&amp;volume=103&amp;pages=891-908&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Alhadeff%2CAL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Hernandez, L. &amp; Hoebel, B. G. Feeding and hypothalamic stimulation increase dopamine turnover in the accumbens. Physiol. Behav. 44, 599\u2013606 (1988).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/0031-9384(88)90324-1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/0031-9384(88)90324-1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2F0031-9384%2888%2990324-1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/0031-9384(88)90324-1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXmvFyqsg%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 17\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=3237847\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 17\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Feeding%20and%20hypothalamic%20stimulation%20increase%20dopamine%20turnover%20in%20the%20accumbens&amp;journal=Physiol.%20Behav.&amp;doi=10.1016%2F0031-9384%2888%2990324-1&amp;volume=44&amp;pages=599-606&amp;publication_year=1988&amp;author=Hernandez%2CL&amp;author=Hoebel%2CBG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Ferreira, J. G., Tellez, L. A., Ren, X., Yeckel, C. W. &amp; de Araujo, I. E. Regulation of fat intake in the absence of flavour signalling. J. Physiol. 590, 953\u2013972 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.218289\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.218289\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.2011.218289\" aria-label=\"Article reference 18\" data-doi=\"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.218289\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XjsV2gtb8%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22219333\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3381321\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 18\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Regulation%20of%20fat%20intake%20in%20the%20absence%20of%20flavour%20signalling&amp;journal=J.%20Physiol.&amp;doi=10.1113%2Fjphysiol.2011.218289&amp;volume=590&amp;pages=953-972&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Ferreira%2CJG&amp;author=Tellez%2CLA&amp;author=Ren%2CX&amp;author=Yeckel%2CCW&amp;author=Araujo%2CIE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Han, W. et al. A neural circuit for gut-induced reward. Cell 175, 665\u2013678 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.049\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.049\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2018.08.049\" aria-label=\"Article reference 19\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.049\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhslOjsb7N\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30245012\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6195474\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20neural%20circuit%20for%20gut-induced%20reward&amp;journal=Cell&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.cell.2018.08.049&amp;volume=175&amp;pages=665-678&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Han%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Ren, X. et al. Nutrient selection in the absence of taste receptor signaling. J. Neurosci. 30, 8012\u20138023 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5749-09.2010\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5749-09.2010\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.5749-09.2010\" aria-label=\"Article reference 20\" data-doi=\"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5749-09.2010\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVejtLfF\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20534849\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6632684\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Nutrient%20selection%20in%20the%20absence%20of%20taste%20receptor%20signaling&amp;journal=J.%20Neurosci.&amp;doi=10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.5749-09.2010&amp;volume=30&amp;pages=8012-8023&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Ren%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Han, W. et al. Striatal dopamine links gastrointestinal rerouting to altered sweet appetite. Cell Metab. 23, 103\u2013112 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.10.009\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.10.009\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.cmet.2015.10.009\" aria-label=\"Article reference 21\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.10.009\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26698915\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 21\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Striatal%20dopamine%20links%20gastrointestinal%20rerouting%20to%20altered%20sweet%20appetite&amp;journal=Cell%20Metab.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.cmet.2015.10.009&amp;volume=23&amp;pages=103-112&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Han%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">de Araujo, I. E., Schatzker, M. &amp; Small, D. M. Rethinking food reward. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 71, 139\u2013164 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122216-011643\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122216-011643\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146%2Fannurev-psych-122216-011643\" aria-label=\"Article reference 22\" data-doi=\"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122216-011643\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31561741\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Rethinking%20food%20reward&amp;journal=Annu.%20Rev.%20Psychol.&amp;doi=10.1146%2Fannurev-psych-122216-011643&amp;volume=71&amp;pages=139-164&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Araujo%2CIE&amp;author=Schatzker%2CM&amp;author=Small%2CDM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">McCutcheon, J. E. The role of dopamine in the pursuit of nutritional value. Physiol. Behav. 152, 408\u2013415 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.05.003\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.05.003\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.physbeh.2015.05.003\" aria-label=\"Article reference 23\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.05.003\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXotVWisLk%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 23\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25957911\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 23\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 23\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20role%20of%20dopamine%20in%20the%20pursuit%20of%20nutritional%20value&amp;journal=Physiol.%20Behav.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.physbeh.2015.05.003&amp;volume=152&amp;pages=408-415&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=McCutcheon%2CJE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">de Araujo, I. E. Circuit organization of sugar reinforcement. Physiol. Behav. 164, 473\u2013477 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.04.041\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.04.041\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.physbeh.2016.04.041\" aria-label=\"Article reference 24\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.04.041\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27126968\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5003755\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Circuit%20organization%20of%20sugar%20reinforcement&amp;journal=Physiol.%20Behav.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.physbeh.2016.04.041&amp;volume=164&amp;pages=473-477&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Araujo%2CIE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Grove, J. C. R. et al. Dopamine subsystems that track internal states. Nature 608, 374\u2013380 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-022-04954-0\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-022-04954-0\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-022-04954-0\" aria-label=\"Article reference 25\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-022-04954-0\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XhvVartb7F\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35831501\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9365689\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dopamine%20subsystems%20that%20track%20internal%20states&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-022-04954-0&amp;volume=608&amp;pages=374-380&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Grove%2CJCR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Zhuo, Y. et al. Improved green and red GRAB sensors for monitoring dopaminergic activity in vivo. Nat. Methods 21, 680\u2013691 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41592-023-02100-w\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41592-023-02100-w\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41592-023-02100-w\" aria-label=\"Article reference 26\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41592-023-02100-w\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXisFSmu77O\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 26\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38036855\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 26\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Improved%20green%20and%20red%20GRAB%20sensors%20for%20monitoring%20dopaminergic%20activity%20in%20vivo&amp;journal=Nat.%20Methods&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41592-023-02100-w&amp;volume=21&amp;pages=680-691&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Zhuo%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Janak, P. H. &amp; Tye, K. M. From circuits to behaviour in the amygdala. Nature 517, 284\u2013292 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature14188\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature14188\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature14188\" aria-label=\"Article reference 27\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature14188\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXpvV2lsg%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 27\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25592533\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 27\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4565157\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 27\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=From%20circuits%20to%20behaviour%20in%20the%20amygdala&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature14188&amp;volume=517&amp;pages=284-292&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Janak%2CPH&amp;author=Tye%2CKM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Baxter, M. G. &amp; Murray, E. A. The amygdala and reward. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3, 563\u2013573 (2002).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nrn875\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nrn875\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnrn875\" aria-label=\"Article reference 28\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nrn875\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XkvFKksbw%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=12094212\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 28\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 28\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20amygdala%20and%20reward&amp;journal=Nat.%20Rev.%20Neurosci.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnrn875&amp;volume=3&amp;pages=563-573&amp;publication_year=2002&amp;author=Baxter%2CMG&amp;author=Murray%2CEA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">LeDoux, J. E. Emotion circuits in the brain. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 23, 155\u2013184 (2000).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.23.1.155\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.23.1.155\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146%2Fannurev.neuro.23.1.155\" aria-label=\"Article reference 29\" data-doi=\"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.23.1.155\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjs1Gmsr4%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 29\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=10845062\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 29\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Emotion%20circuits%20in%20the%20brain&amp;journal=Annu.%20Rev.%20Neurosci.&amp;doi=10.1146%2Fannurev.neuro.23.1.155&amp;volume=23&amp;pages=155-184&amp;publication_year=2000&amp;author=LeDoux%2CJE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Maren, S. Neurobiology of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 24, 897\u2013931 (2001).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.897\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.897\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146%2Fannurev.neuro.24.1.897\" aria-label=\"Article reference 30\" data-doi=\"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.897\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXls1ShsLg%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=11520922\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Neurobiology%20of%20Pavlovian%20fear%20conditioning&amp;journal=Annu.%20Rev.%20Neurosci.&amp;doi=10.1146%2Fannurev.neuro.24.1.897&amp;volume=24&amp;pages=897-931&amp;publication_year=2001&amp;author=Maren%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Wassum, K. M. &amp; Izquierdo, A. The basolateral amygdala in reward learning and addiction. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 57, 271\u2013283 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.08.017\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.08.017\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.neubiorev.2015.08.017\" aria-label=\"Article reference 31\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.08.017\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26341938\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 31\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4681295\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 31\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 31\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20basolateral%20amygdala%20in%20reward%20learning%20and%20addiction&amp;journal=Neurosci.%20Biobehav.%20Rev.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.neubiorev.2015.08.017&amp;volume=57&amp;pages=271-283&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Wassum%2CKM&amp;author=Izquierdo%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Namburi, P. et al. A circuit mechanism for differentiating positive and negative associations. Nature 520, 675\u2013678 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature14366\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature14366\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature14366\" aria-label=\"Article reference 32\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature14366\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXnsVWqt78%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25925480\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4418228\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20circuit%20mechanism%20for%20differentiating%20positive%20and%20negative%20associations&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature14366&amp;volume=520&amp;pages=675-678&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Namburi%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Beyeler, A. et al. Divergent routing of positive and negative information from the amygdala during memory retrieval. Neuron 90, 348\u2013361 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.03.004\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.03.004\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.neuron.2016.03.004\" aria-label=\"Article reference 33\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.03.004\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XlsVWisL0%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 33\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27041499\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 33\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4854303\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 33\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 33\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Divergent%20routing%20of%20positive%20and%20negative%20information%20from%20the%20amygdala%20during%20memory%20retrieval&amp;journal=Neuron&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.neuron.2016.03.004&amp;volume=90&amp;pages=348-361&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Beyeler%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Beyeler, A. et al. Organization of valence-encoding and projection-defined neurons in the basolateral amygdala. Cell Rep. 22, 905\u2013918 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.12.097\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.12.097\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.celrep.2017.12.097\" aria-label=\"Article reference 34\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.12.097\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhvFagtro%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29386133\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5891824\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Organization%20of%20valence-encoding%20and%20projection-defined%20neurons%20in%20the%20basolateral%20amygdala&amp;journal=Cell%20Rep.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.celrep.2017.12.097&amp;volume=22&amp;pages=905-918&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Beyeler%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Krettek, J. E. &amp; Price, J. L. A description of the amygdaloid complex in the rat and cat with observations on intra-amygdaloid axonal connections. J. Comp. Neurol. 178, 255\u2013279 (1978).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/cne.901780205\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/cne.901780205\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fcne.901780205\" aria-label=\"Article reference 35\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/cne.901780205\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DyaE1c7gvFOltA%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 35\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=627626\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 35\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 35\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20description%20of%20the%20amygdaloid%20complex%20in%20the%20rat%20and%20cat%20with%20observations%20on%20intra-amygdaloid%20axonal%20connections&amp;journal=J.%20Comp.%20Neurol.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fcne.901780205&amp;volume=178&amp;pages=255-279&amp;publication_year=1978&amp;author=Krettek%2CJE&amp;author=Price%2CJL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Wang, L. et al. The coding of valence and identity in the mammalian taste system. Nature 558, 127\u2013131 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-018-0165-4\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-018-0165-4\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0165-4\" aria-label=\"Article reference 36\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-018-0165-4\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhtVGitL3E\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29849148\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6201270\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20coding%20of%20valence%20and%20identity%20in%20the%20mammalian%20taste%20system&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0165-4&amp;volume=558&amp;pages=127-131&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Wang%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Hintiryan, H. et al. Connectivity characterization of the mouse basolateral amygdalar complex. Nat. Commun. 12, 2859 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-021-22915-5\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-021-22915-5\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-021-22915-5\" aria-label=\"Article reference 37\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-021-22915-5\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhtFaqtr7I\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=34001873\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8129205\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 37\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Connectivity%20characterization%20of%20the%20mouse%20basolateral%20amygdalar%20complex&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-021-22915-5&amp;volume=12&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Hintiryan%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Lutas, A. et al. State-specific gating of salient cues by midbrain dopaminergic input to basal amygdala. Nat. Neurosci. 22, 1820\u20131833 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41593-019-0506-0\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41593-019-0506-0\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41593-019-0506-0\" aria-label=\"Article reference 38\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41593-019-0506-0\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhvFKgsrzO\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31611706\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6858554\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 38\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 38\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=State-specific%20gating%20of%20salient%20cues%20by%20midbrain%20dopaminergic%20input%20to%20basal%20amygdala&amp;journal=Nat.%20Neurosci.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41593-019-0506-0&amp;volume=22&amp;pages=1820-1833&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Lutas%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Sclafani, A., Koepsell, H. &amp; Ackroff, K. SGLT1 sugar transporter\/sensor is required for post-oral glucose appetition. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 310, R631\u2013R639 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1152\/ajpregu.00432.2015\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1152\/ajpregu.00432.2015\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152%2Fajpregu.00432.2015\" aria-label=\"Article reference 39\" data-doi=\"10.1152\/ajpregu.00432.2015\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26791832\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4867378\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=SGLT1%20sugar%20transporter%2Fsensor%20is%20required%20for%20post-oral%20glucose%20appetition&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Physiol.%20Regul.%20Integr.%20Comp.%20Physiol.&amp;doi=10.1152%2Fajpregu.00432.2015&amp;volume=310&amp;pages=R631-R639&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Sclafani%2CA&amp;author=Koepsell%2CH&amp;author=Ackroff%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Zukerman, S., Ackroff, K. &amp; Sclafani, A. Post-oral appetite stimulation by sugars and nonmetabolizable sugar analogs. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 305, R840\u2013R853 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1152\/ajpregu.00297.2013\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1152\/ajpregu.00297.2013\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152%2Fajpregu.00297.2013\" aria-label=\"Article reference 40\" data-doi=\"10.1152\/ajpregu.00297.2013\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhslaisr3F\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 40\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=23926132\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 40\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3798804\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 40\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 40\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Post-oral%20appetite%20stimulation%20by%20sugars%20and%20nonmetabolizable%20sugar%20analogs&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Physiol.%20Regul.%20Integr.%20Comp.%20Physiol.&amp;doi=10.1152%2Fajpregu.00297.2013&amp;volume=305&amp;pages=R840-R853&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Zukerman%2CS&amp;author=Ackroff%2CK&amp;author=Sclafani%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Ackroff, K. &amp; Sclafani, A. Post-oral fat stimulation of intake and conditioned flavor preference in C57BL\/6J mice: a concentration-response study. Physiol. Behav. 129, 64\u201372 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.02.047\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.02.047\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.physbeh.2014.02.047\" aria-label=\"Article reference 41\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.02.047\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXmvVWnu7o%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=24582671\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4046699\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 41\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 41\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Post-oral%20fat%20stimulation%20of%20intake%20and%20conditioned%20flavor%20preference%20in%20C57BL%2F6J%20mice%3A%20a%20concentration-response%20study&amp;journal=Physiol.%20Behav.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.physbeh.2014.02.047&amp;volume=129&amp;pages=64-72&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Ackroff%2CK&amp;author=Sclafani%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Sclafani, A., Zukerman, S. &amp; Ackroff, K. GPR40 and GPR120 fatty acid sensors are critical for postoral but not oral mediation of fat preferences in the mouse. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 305, R1490\u2013R1497 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1152\/ajpregu.00440.2013\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1152\/ajpregu.00440.2013\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152%2Fajpregu.00440.2013\" aria-label=\"Article reference 42\" data-doi=\"10.1152\/ajpregu.00440.2013\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXltFKksA%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=24154510\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3882694\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 42\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 42\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=GPR40%20and%20GPR120%20fatty%20acid%20sensors%20are%20critical%20for%20postoral%20but%20not%20oral%20mediation%20of%20fat%20preferences%20in%20the%20mouse&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Physiol.%20Regul.%20Integr.%20Comp.%20Physiol.&amp;doi=10.1152%2Fajpregu.00440.2013&amp;volume=305&amp;pages=R1490-R1497&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Sclafani%2CA&amp;author=Zukerman%2CS&amp;author=Ackroff%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Sclafani, A., Ackroff, K. &amp; Abumrad, N. A. CD36 gene deletion reduces fat preference and intake but not post-oral fat conditioning in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 293, R1823\u2013R1832 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1152\/ajpregu.00211.2007\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1152\/ajpregu.00211.2007\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152%2Fajpregu.00211.2007\" aria-label=\"Article reference 43\" data-doi=\"10.1152\/ajpregu.00211.2007\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlGhsbrN\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=17804586\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 43\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=CD36%20gene%20deletion%20reduces%20fat%20preference%20and%20intake%20but%20not%20post-oral%20fat%20conditioning%20in%20mice&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Physiol.%20Regul.%20Integr.%20Comp.%20Physiol.&amp;doi=10.1152%2Fajpregu.00211.2007&amp;volume=293&amp;pages=R1823-R1832&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Sclafani%2CA&amp;author=Ackroff%2CK&amp;author=Abumrad%2CNA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Fernandes, A. B. et al. Postingestive modulation of food seeking depends on vagus-mediated dopamine neuron activity. Neuron 106, 778\u2013788 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.03.009\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.03.009\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.neuron.2020.03.009\" aria-label=\"Article reference 44\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.03.009\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmsl2qs70%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 44\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32259476\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 44\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7710496\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 44\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 44\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Postingestive%20modulation%20of%20food%20seeking%20depends%20on%20vagus-mediated%20dopamine%20neuron%20activity&amp;journal=Neuron&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.neuron.2020.03.009&amp;volume=106&amp;pages=778-788&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Fernandes%2CAB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Poulin, J.-F. et al. Mapping projections of molecularly defined dopamine neuron subtypes using intersectional genetic approaches. Nat. Neurosci. 21, 1260\u20131271 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41593-018-0203-4\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41593-018-0203-4\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41593-018-0203-4\" aria-label=\"Article reference 45\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41593-018-0203-4\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhsFSqtb%2FF\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30104732\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6342021\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 45\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Mapping%20projections%20of%20molecularly%20defined%20dopamine%20neuron%20subtypes%20using%20intersectional%20genetic%20approaches&amp;journal=Nat.%20Neurosci.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41593-018-0203-4&amp;volume=21&amp;pages=1260-1271&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Poulin%2CJ-F\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Leshan, R. L. et al. Ventral tegmental area leptin receptor neurons specifically project to and regulate cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript neurons of the extended central amygdala. J. Neurosci. 30, 5713\u20135723 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1001-10.2010\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1001-10.2010\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.1001-10.2010\" aria-label=\"Article reference 46\" data-doi=\"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1001-10.2010\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVWlsL%2FE\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 46\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20410123\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 46\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2864009\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 46\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 46\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ventral%20tegmental%20area%20leptin%20receptor%20neurons%20specifically%20project%20to%20and%20regulate%20cocaine-%20and%20amphetamine-regulated%20transcript%20neurons%20of%20the%20extended%20central%20amygdala&amp;journal=J.%20Neurosci.&amp;doi=10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.1001-10.2010&amp;volume=30&amp;pages=5713-5723&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Leshan%2CRL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Flagel, S. B. et al. A selective role for dopamine in stimulus\u2013reward learning. Nature 469, 53\u201357 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature09588\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature09588\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature09588\" aria-label=\"Article reference 47\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature09588\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsFGgsbbL\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 47\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=21150898\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 47\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 47\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20selective%20role%20for%20dopamine%20in%20stimulus%E2%80%93reward%20learning&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature09588&amp;volume=469&amp;pages=53-57&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Flagel%2CSB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Saddoris, M. P., Cacciapaglia, F., Wightman, R. M. &amp; Carelli, R. M. Differential dopamine release dynamics in the nucleus accumbens core and shell reveal complementary signals for error prediction and incentive motivation. J. Neurosci. 35, 11572\u201311582 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2344-15.2015\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2344-15.2015\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.2344-15.2015\" aria-label=\"Article reference 48\" data-doi=\"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2344-15.2015\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhsV2rtrvJ\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 48\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26290234\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 48\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4540796\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 48\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 48\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Differential%20dopamine%20release%20dynamics%20in%20the%20nucleus%20accumbens%20core%20and%20shell%20reveal%20complementary%20signals%20for%20error%20prediction%20and%20incentive%20motivation&amp;journal=J.%20Neurosci.&amp;doi=10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.2344-15.2015&amp;volume=35&amp;pages=11572-11582&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Saddoris%2CMP&amp;author=Cacciapaglia%2CF&amp;author=Wightman%2CRM&amp;author=Carelli%2CRM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Sias, A. C. et al. Dopamine projections to the basolateral amygdala drive the encoding of identity-specific reward memories. Nat. Neurosci. 27, 728\u2013736 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41593-024-01586-7\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41593-024-01586-7\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41593-024-01586-7\" aria-label=\"Article reference 49\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41593-024-01586-7\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB2cXktlKmsrc%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 49\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=38396258\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 49\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC11110430\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 49\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 49\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dopamine%20projections%20to%20the%20basolateral%20amygdala%20drive%20the%20encoding%20of%20identity-specific%20reward%20memories&amp;journal=Nat.%20Neurosci.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41593-024-01586-7&amp;volume=27&amp;pages=728-736&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Sias%2CAC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">Han, X. et al. Role of dopamine projections from ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex in reinforcement behaviors assessed using optogenetic manipulation. Metab. Brain Dis. 32, 1491\u20131502 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s11011-017-0023-3\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s11011-017-0023-3\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s11011-017-0023-3\" aria-label=\"Article reference 50\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s11011-017-0023-3\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXnvF2hsbk%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 50\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28523568\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 50\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 50\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Role%20of%20dopamine%20projections%20from%20ventral%20tegmental%20area%20to%20nucleus%20accumbens%20and%20medial%20prefrontal%20cortex%20in%20reinforcement%20behaviors%20assessed%20using%20optogenetic%20manipulation&amp;journal=Metab.%20Brain%20Dis.&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs11011-017-0023-3&amp;volume=32&amp;pages=1491-1502&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Han%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Boekhoudt, L. et al. Does activation of midbrain dopamine neurons promote or reduce feeding? Int. J. Obes. 41, 1131\u20131140 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/ijo.2017.74\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/ijo.2017.74\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fijo.2017.74\" aria-label=\"Article reference 51\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/ijo.2017.74\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXmt1egs70%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 51\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 51\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Does%20activation%20of%20midbrain%20dopamine%20neurons%20promote%20or%20reduce%20feeding%3F&amp;journal=Int.%20J.%20Obes.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fijo.2017.74&amp;volume=41&amp;pages=1131-1140&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Boekhoudt%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">Wei, X. et al. Dopamine D1 or D2 receptor-expressing neurons in the central nervous system. Addict. Biol. 23, 569\u2013584 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/adb.12512\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/adb.12512\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fadb.12512\" aria-label=\"Article reference 52\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/adb.12512\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXis12mt7Y%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 52\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28436559\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 52\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 52\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dopamine%20D1%20or%20D2%20receptor-expressing%20neurons%20in%20the%20central%20nervous%20system&amp;journal=Addict.%20Biol.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fadb.12512&amp;volume=23&amp;pages=569-584&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Wei%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Livneh, Y. et al. Estimation of current and future physiological states in insular cortex. Neuron 105, 1094\u20131111 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.12.027\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.12.027\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.neuron.2019.12.027\" aria-label=\"Article reference 53\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.12.027\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFCrur0%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 53\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31955944\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 53\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7083695\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 53\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 53\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Estimation%20of%20current%20and%20future%20physiological%20states%20in%20insular%20cortex&amp;journal=Neuron&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.neuron.2019.12.027&amp;volume=105&amp;pages=1094-1111&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Livneh%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">Baas, D., Aleman, A. &amp; Kahn, R. S. Lateralization of amygdala activation: a systematic review of functional neuroimaging studies. Brain Res. Rev. 45, 96\u2013103 (2004).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.02.004\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.02.004\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.brainresrev.2004.02.004\" aria-label=\"Article reference 54\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.02.004\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=15145620\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 54\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 54\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Lateralization%20of%20amygdala%20activation%3A%20a%20systematic%20review%20of%20functional%20neuroimaging%20studies&amp;journal=Brain%20Res.%20Rev.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.brainresrev.2004.02.004&amp;volume=45&amp;pages=96-103&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Baas%2CD&amp;author=Aleman%2CA&amp;author=Kahn%2CRS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Allen, H. N., Bobnar, H. J. &amp; Kolber, B. J. Left and right hemispheric lateralization of the amygdala in pain. Prog. Neurobiol. 196, 101891 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2020.101891\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2020.101891\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.pneurobio.2020.101891\" aria-label=\"Article reference 55\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2020.101891\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32730859\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 55\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 55\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Left%20and%20right%20hemispheric%20lateralization%20of%20the%20amygdala%20in%20pain&amp;journal=Prog.%20Neurobiol.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.pneurobio.2020.101891&amp;volume=196&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Allen%2CHN&amp;author=Bobnar%2CHJ&amp;author=Kolber%2CBJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">Thanarajah, S. E. et al. Food intake recruits orosensory and post-ingestive dopaminergic circuits to affect eating desire in humans. Cell Metab. 29, 695\u2013706 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.12.006\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.12.006\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.cmet.2018.12.006\" aria-label=\"Article reference 56\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.12.006\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXnsVaj\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30595479\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 56\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Food%20intake%20recruits%20orosensory%20and%20post-ingestive%20dopaminergic%20circuits%20to%20affect%20eating%20desire%20in%20humans&amp;journal=Cell%20Metab.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.cmet.2018.12.006&amp;volume=29&amp;pages=695-706&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Thanarajah%2CSE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR57\">de Araujo, A. M. et al. Asymmetric control of food intake by left and right vagal sensory neurons. Preprint at bioRxiv <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.05.08.539627\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1101\/2023.05.08.539627\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.05.08.539627<\/a> (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR58\">Qian, K., Liu, J., Cao, Y., Yang, J. &amp; Qiu, S. Intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride induces lateralized activation of the insular cortex in adult mice. Mol. Brain 14, 71 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1186\/s13041-021-00780-z\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1186\/s13041-021-00780-z\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1186\/s13041-021-00780-z\" aria-label=\"Article reference 58\" data-doi=\"10.1186\/s13041-021-00780-z\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXht1SmsbrI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33874995\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8056688\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 58\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Intraperitoneal%20injection%20of%20lithium%20chloride%20induces%20lateralized%20activation%20of%20the%20insular%20cortex%20in%20adult%20mice&amp;journal=Mol.%20Brain&amp;doi=10.1186%2Fs13041-021-00780-z&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Qian%2CK&amp;author=Liu%2CJ&amp;author=Cao%2CY&amp;author=Yang%2CJ&amp;author=Qiu%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR59\">Wu, Y. et al. The anterior insular cortex unilaterally controls feeding in response to aversive visceral stimuli in mice. Nat. Commun. 11, 640 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-020-14281-5\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-020-14281-5\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-020-14281-5\" aria-label=\"Article reference 59\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-020-14281-5\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXksFaltLw%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 59\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32005806\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 59\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6994462\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 59\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 59\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20anterior%20insular%20cortex%20unilaterally%20controls%20feeding%20in%20response%20to%20aversive%20visceral%20stimuli%20in%20mice&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-020-14281-5&amp;volume=11&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Wu%2CY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR60\">Yagishita, S. et al. A critical time window for dopamine actions on the structural plasticity of dendritic spines. Science 345, 1616\u20131620 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.1255514\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.1255514\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.1255514\" aria-label=\"Article reference 60\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.1255514\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhsFygtbfO\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 60\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25258080\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 60\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4225776\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 60\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 60\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20critical%20time%20window%20for%20dopamine%20actions%20on%20the%20structural%20plasticity%20of%20dendritic%20spines&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1255514&amp;volume=345&amp;pages=1616-1620&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Yagishita%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR61\">Cantu, D. A. et al. EZcalcium: open-source toolbox for analysis of calcium imaging data. Front. Neural Circuits 14, 25 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fncir.2020.00025\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3389\/fncir.2020.00025\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffncir.2020.00025\" aria-label=\"Article reference 61\" data-doi=\"10.3389\/fncir.2020.00025\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitlCiurjI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32499682\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7244005\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 61\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=EZcalcium%3A%20open-source%20toolbox%20for%20analysis%20of%20calcium%20imaging%20data&amp;journal=Front.%20Neural%20Circuits&amp;doi=10.3389%2Ffncir.2020.00025&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Cantu%2CDA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR62\">Pnevmatikakis, E. A. &amp; Giovannucci, A. NoRMCorre: an online algorithm for piecewise rigid motion correction of calcium imaging data. J. Neurosci. Methods 291, 83\u201394 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2017.07.031\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2017.07.031\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jneumeth.2017.07.031\" aria-label=\"Article reference 62\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2017.07.031\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhtlOgt7%2FN\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 62\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28782629\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 62\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 62\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=NoRMCorre%3A%20an%20online%20algorithm%20for%20piecewise%20rigid%20motion%20correction%20of%20calcium%20imaging%20data&amp;journal=J.%20Neurosci.%20Methods&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.jneumeth.2017.07.031&amp;volume=291&amp;pages=83-94&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Pnevmatikakis%2CEA&amp;author=Giovannucci%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR63\">Giovannucci, A. et al. CaImAn an open source tool for scalable calcium imaging data analysis. eLife 8, e38173 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.7554\/eLife.38173\" data-track-item_id=\"10.7554\/eLife.38173\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554%2FeLife.38173\" aria-label=\"Article reference 63\" data-doi=\"10.7554\/eLife.38173\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30652683\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 63\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6342523\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 63\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 63\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=CaImAn%20an%20open%20source%20tool%20for%20scalable%20calcium%20imaging%20data%20analysis&amp;journal=eLife&amp;doi=10.7554%2FeLife.38173&amp;volume=8&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Giovannucci%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR64\">Boughter, J. D. Jr, Baird, J.-P., Bryant, J., St John, S. J. &amp; Heck, D. C57BL\/6J and DBA\/2J mice vary in lick rate and ingestive microstructure. Genes Brain Behav. 6, 619\u2013627 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2006.00293.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2006.00293.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1601-183X.2006.00293.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 64\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2006.00293.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=17212649\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 64\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 64\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=C57BL%2F6J%20and%20DBA%2F2J%20mice%20vary%20in%20lick%20rate%20and%20ingestive%20microstructure&amp;journal=Genes%20Brain%20Behav.&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1601-183X.2006.00293.x&amp;volume=6&amp;pages=619-627&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Boughter%2CJD&amp;author=Baird%2CJ-P&amp;author=Bryant%2CJ&amp;author=John%2CSJ&amp;author=Heck%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR65\">Lever, T. E. et al. Adapting human videofluoroscopic swallow study methods to detect and characterize dysphagia in murine disease models. J. Vis. Exp. 97, e52319 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/52319\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.3791\/52319\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/52319<\/a> (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR66\">McConnell, E. L., Basit, A. W. &amp; Murdan, S. Measurements of rat and mouse gastrointestinal pH, fluid and lymphoid tissue, and implications for in-vivo experiments. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 60, 63\u201370 (2008).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1211\/jpp.60.1.0008\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1211\/jpp.60.1.0008\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1211%2Fjpp.60.1.0008\" aria-label=\"Article reference 66\" data-doi=\"10.1211\/jpp.60.1.0008\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsV2ksbY%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 66\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=18088506\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 66\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 66\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Measurements%20of%20rat%20and%20mouse%20gastrointestinal%20pH%2C%20fluid%20and%20lymphoid%20tissue%2C%20and%20implications%20for%20in-vivo%20experiments&amp;journal=J.%20Pharm.%20Pharmacol.&amp;doi=10.1211%2Fjpp.60.1.0008&amp;volume=60&amp;pages=63-70&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=McConnell%2CEL&amp;author=Basit%2CAW&amp;author=Murdan%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR67\">Bai, L. et al. Genetic identification of vagal sensory neurons that control feeding. Cell 179, 1129\u20131143.e23 (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.10.031\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.10.031\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2019.10.031\" aria-label=\"Article reference 67\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.10.031\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXitFymtrjF\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 67\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=31730854\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 67\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6916730\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 67\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 67\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Genetic%20identification%20of%20vagal%20sensory%20neurons%20that%20control%20feeding&amp;journal=Cell&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.cell.2019.10.031&amp;volume=179&amp;pages=1129-1143.e23&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Bai%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR68\">Zimmerman, C. A. et al. A gut-to-brain signal of fluid osmolarity controls thirst satiation. Nature <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1066-x\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-019-1066-x\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1066-x<\/a> (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-019-1066-x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-019-1066-x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1066-x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 68\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-019-1066-x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30918408\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 68\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6483081\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 68\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 68\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20gut-to-brain%20signal%20of%20fluid%20osmolarity%20controls%20thirst%20satiation&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1066-x&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Zimmerman%2CCA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR69\">Jenkinson, M., Bannister, P., Brady, M. &amp; Smith, S. Improved optimization for the robust and accurate linear registration and motion correction of brain images. Neuroimage 17, 825\u2013841 (2002).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006%2Fnimg.2002.1132\" aria-label=\"Article reference 69\" data-doi=\"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=12377157\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 69\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 69\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Improved%20optimization%20for%20the%20robust%20and%20accurate%20linear%20registration%20and%20motion%20correction%20of%20brain%20images&amp;journal=Neuroimage&amp;doi=10.1006%2Fnimg.2002.1132&amp;volume=17&amp;pages=825-841&amp;publication_year=2002&amp;author=Jenkinson%2CM&amp;author=Bannister%2CP&amp;author=Brady%2CM&amp;author=Smith%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR70\">Andersson, J. L. R., Skare, S. &amp; Ashburner, J. How to correct susceptibility distortions in spin-echo echo-planar images: application to diffusion tensor imaging. Neuroimage 20, 870\u2013888 (2003).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00336-7\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00336-7\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2FS1053-8119%2803%2900336-7\" aria-label=\"Article reference 70\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00336-7\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=14568458\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 70\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 70\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=How%20to%20correct%20susceptibility%20distortions%20in%20spin-echo%20echo-planar%20images%3A%20application%20to%20diffusion%20tensor%20imaging&amp;journal=Neuroimage&amp;doi=10.1016%2FS1053-8119%2803%2900336-7&amp;volume=20&amp;pages=870-888&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;author=Andersson%2CJLR&amp;author=Skare%2CS&amp;author=Ashburner%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR71\">Friston, K. J., Williams, S., Howard, R., Frackowiak, R. S. J. &amp; Turner, R. Movement-related effects in fMRI time-series. Magn. Reson. Med. 35, 346\u2013355 (1996).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/mrm.1910350312\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/mrm.1910350312\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fmrm.1910350312\" aria-label=\"Article reference 71\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/mrm.1910350312\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DyaK283jsVyntg%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 71\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=8699946\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 71\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 71\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Movement-related%20effects%20in%20fMRI%20time-series&amp;journal=Magn.%20Reson.%20Med.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fmrm.1910350312&amp;volume=35&amp;pages=346-355&amp;publication_year=1996&amp;author=Friston%2CKJ&amp;author=Williams%2CS&amp;author=Howard%2CR&amp;author=Frackowiak%2CRSJ&amp;author=Turner%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR72\">Amunts, K., Mohlberg, H., Bludau, S. &amp; Zilles, K. Julich-Brain: a 3D probabilistic atlas of the human brain\u2019s cytoarchitecture. Science 369, 988\u2013992 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.abb4588\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.abb4588\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.abb4588\" aria-label=\"Article reference 72\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.abb4588\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhs1GrsL3N\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 72\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32732281\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 72\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 72\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Julich-Brain%3A%20a%203D%20probabilistic%20atlas%20of%20the%20human%20brain%E2%80%99s%20cytoarchitecture&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.abb4588&amp;volume=369&amp;pages=988-992&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Amunts%2CK&amp;author=Mohlberg%2CH&amp;author=Bludau%2CS&amp;author=Zilles%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR73\">Yates, S. C. et al. QUINT: workflow for quantification and spatial analysis of features in histological images from rodent brain. Front. Neuroinform. 13, 75 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fninf.2019.00075\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fninf.2019.00075\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fninf.2019.00075<\/a> (2019).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR74\">Grove, J. C. R. et al. Data for \u2018The neural basis of flavour\u2013nutrient learning\u2019. Dryad <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5061\/dryad.h9w0vt4x2\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"10.5061\/dryad.h9w0vt4x2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5061\/dryad.h9w0vt4x2<\/a> (2026).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Sclafani, A. Learned controls of ingestive behaviour. Appetite 29, 153\u2013158 (1997). Article\u00a0 CAS\u00a0 PubMed\u00a0 Google Scholar\u00a0 Capaldi, E.&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":675097,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[103,2026,67459,61,60,2027,446,82,285914],"class_list":["post-675096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-nutrition","tag-health","tag-humanities-and-social-sciences","tag-hypothalamus","tag-ie","tag-ireland","tag-multidisciplinary","tag-nutrition","tag-science","tag-taste-receptors"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/675096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=675096"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/675096\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/675097"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=675096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=675096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=675096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}