Schwarz, N. Cognition and Communication: Judgmental Biases, Research Methods, and the Logic of Conversation (Psychology, 2014).<\/p>\n
Heesen, R. & Fr\u00f6hlich, M. Revisiting the human \u2018interaction engine\u2019: comparative approaches to social action coordination. Philosophical Trans. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 377, 20210092 (2022).<\/p>\n
Article<\/a>\u00a0 Christiansen, M. H. & Kirby, S. Language evolution: consensus and controversies. Trends Cogn. Sci. 7, 300\u2013307 (2003).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Tomasello, M. Origins of Human Communication. 37, 393 (The MIT Press, 2008).<\/p>\n Fitch, W. T. Empirical approaches to the study of language evolution. Psychon Bull. Rev. 24, 3\u201333 (2017).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Clark, H. H. & Brennan, S. E. Grounding in communication. in Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition. (eds Resnick, L. B., Levine, J. M. & Teasley, S. D.) 127\u2013149 (American Psychological Association, 1991).<\/p>\n Chapter<\/a>\u00a0 Brown, L., Kim, S. U. & Kim, H. The embodied enactment of politeness metapragmatics. J. Politeness Res. 19, 149\u2013183 (2023).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Brown, P. & Levinson, S. C. Politeness: some Universals in Language Usage (Cambridge University Press, 1987).<\/p>\n Ferreira, V. S. Is it better to give than to donate?? Syntactic flexibility in language production. J. Mem. Lang. 35, 724\u2013755 (1996).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Poss, S. R., Kuhar, C., Stoinski, T. S. & Hopkins, W. D. Differential use of attentional and visual communicative signaling by orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) in response to the attentional status of a human. Am. J. Primatol. 68, 978\u2013992 (2006).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Fr\u00f6hlich, M. et al. Multicomponent and multisensory communicative acts in orang-utans may serve different functions. Commun. Biol. 4, 1\u201313 (2021).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Liebal, K., Pika, S. & Tomasello, M. Gestural communication of orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Gesture\u00a06, 1\u201338 (2006).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Leavens, D. A., Russell, J. L. & Hopkins, W. D. Multimodal communication by captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Anim. Cogn. 13, 33\u201340 (2010).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Hobaiter, C. & Byrne, R. W. The gestural repertoire of the wild chimpanzee. Anim. Cogn. 14, 745\u2013767 (2011).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Genty, E., Clay, Z., Hobaiter, C. & Zuberb\u00fchler, K. Multi-modal use of a socially directed call in bonobos. PLoS ONE. 9, e84738 (2014).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Cartmill, E. A. & Byrne, R. W. Orangutans modify their gestural signaling according to their audience\u2019s comprehension. Curr. Biol. 17, 1345\u20131348 (2007).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Roberts, A. I., Vick, S. J. & Buchanan-Smith, H. M. Communicative intentions in wild chimpanzees: persistence and elaboration in gestural signalling. Anim. Cogn. 16, 187\u2013196 (2013).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Tomasello, M., Call, J., Nagell, K., Olguin, R. & Carpenter, M. The learning and use of gestural signals by young chimpanzees: A trans-generational study. Primates 35, 137\u2013154 (1994).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Pika, S., Liebal, K. & Tomasello, M. Gestural communication in young gorillas (Gorilla gorilla): gestural repertoire, learning, and use. Am. J. Primatol. 60, 95\u2013111 (2003).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Fr\u00f6hlich, M. & Hobaiter, C. The development of gestural communication in great apes. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 72, 194 (2018).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Kendon, A. Gesture: Visible Action as Utterance (Cambridge University Press, 2004).<\/p>\n Perniss, P. Why we should study multimodal language. Front. Psychol. 9, (2018).<\/p>\n Holler, J. & Levinson, S. C. Multimodal language processing in human communication. Trends Cogn. Sci. 23, 639\u2013652 (2019).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Slocombe, K. E., Waller, B. M. & Liebal, K. The language void: the need for multimodality in primate communication research. Anim. Behav. 81, 919\u2013924 (2011).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Fr\u00f6hlich, M., Sievers, C., Townsend, S. W., Gruber, T. & van Schaik, C. P. Multimodal communication and language origins: integrating gestures and vocalizations. Biol. Rev. 94, 1809\u20131829 (2019).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Fitch, W. T. The Evolution of Language (Cambridge University Press, 2010).<\/p>\n Waller, B. M., Liebal, K., Burrows, A. M. & Slocombe Katie. E. How can a multimodal approach to primate communication help us understand the evolution of communication? Evol. Psychol. 11, 538\u2013549 (2013).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Mcgurk, H. & Macdonald, J. Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature 264, 746\u2013748 (1976).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Macdonald, J. & McGurk, H. Visual influences on speech perception processes. Percept. Psychophys. 24, 253\u2013257 (1978).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Tiippana, K. What is the McGurk effect? Front. Psychol. 5, (2014).<\/p>\n Ekman, P. & Friesen, W. V. The repertoire of nonverbal behavior: categories, origins, usage, and coding. Semiotica 1, 49\u201398 (1969).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Hebets, E. A. & Papaj, D. R. Complex signal function: developing a framework of testable hypotheses. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 57, 197\u2013214 (2005).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Norton, B., Zamansky, A., Florkiewicz, B. & Lazebnik, T. The art of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) diplomacy: unraveling the secrets of successful negotiations using machine learning. J. Comp. Psychol. (2025).<\/p>\n Higham, J. P. & Hebets, E. A. An introduction to multimodal communication. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 67, 1381\u20131388 (2013).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Fr\u00f6hlich, M. & van Schaik, C. P. The function of primate multimodal communication. Anim. Cogn. 21, 619\u2013629 (2018).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Smith, W. J. The Behavior of Communicating: an Ethological Approach (Harvard University Press, 1977).<\/p>\n Wilke, C. et al. Production of and responses to unimodal and multimodal signals in wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii. Anim. Behav. 123, 305\u2013316 (2017).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Fr\u00f6hlich, M., van Schaik, C. P., van Noordwijk, M. A. & Knief, U. Individual variation and plasticity in the infant-directed communication of orang-utan mothers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 289, 20220200 (2022).<\/p>\n Mine, J. G. et al. Vocal-visual combinations in wild chimpanzees. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 78, 108 (2024).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Doherty, E., Davila-Ross, M. & Clay, Z. Multimodal communication development in semiwild chimpanzees. Anim. Behav. 201, 175\u2013190 (2023).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Hobaiter, C., Byrne, R. W. & Zuberb\u00fchler, K. Wild chimpanzees\u2019 use of single and combined vocal and gestural signals. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 71, 96 (2017).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Taglialatela, J. P. et al. Multimodal communication in chimpanzees. Am. J. Primatol. 77, 1143\u20131148 (2015).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Wolf, M. & Weissing, F. J. Animal personalities: consequences for ecology and evolution. Trends Ecol. Evol. 27, 452\u2013461 (2012).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Dingemanse, N. J. & Araya-Ajoy, Y. G. Interacting personalities: behavioural ecology meets quantitative genetics. Trends Ecol. Evol. 30, 88\u201397 (2015).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Tkaczynski, P. J. et al. Long-term repeatability in social behaviour suggests stable social phenotypes in wild chimpanzees. Royal Soc. Open. Sci. 7, 200454 (2020).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Dingemanse, N. J. & Dochtermann, N. A. Quantifying individual variation in behaviour: mixed-effect modelling approaches. J. Anim. Ecol. 82, 39\u201354 (2013).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Laland, K. N. Social learning strategies. Learn. Behav. 32, 4\u201314 (2004).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Lombrey, A. & Fr\u00f6hlich, M. Individual variation in animal communication: from species averages to unique voices. Biol. Rev. (2025)<\/p>\n van Schaik, C. P. The costs and benefits of flexibility as an expression of behavioural plasticity: a primate perspective. Philosophical Trans. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 368, 20120339 (2013).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Fairbanks, L. A. Individual differences in maternal style: causes and consequences for mothers and offspring. in Advances in the Study of Behavior (eds Rosenblatt, J. S. & Snowdon, C. T.) vol. 25 579\u2013611 (Academic, London, (1996).<\/p>\n Dingemanse, N. J., Kazem, A. J. N., R\u00e9ale, D. & Wright, J. Behavioural reaction norms: animal personality meets individual plasticity. Trends Ecol. Evol. 25, 81\u201389 (2010).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Dingemanse, N. J. & Wolf, M. Between-individual differences in behavioural plasticity within populations: causes and consequences. Anim. Behav. 85, 1031\u20131039 (2013).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Hertel, A. G., Niemel\u00e4, P. T., Dingemanse, N. J. & Mueller, T. A guide for studying among-individual behavioral variation from movement data in the wild. Mov. Ecol. 8, 30 (2020).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Revathe, T. et al. Sumatran orangutan mothers differ in the extent and trajectory of their expression of maternal behaviour. Proc. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 292, 20250443 (2025).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Roberts, A. I., Roberts, S. G. B. & Vick, S. J. The repertoire and intentionality of gestural communication in wild chimpanzees. Anim. Cogn. 17, 317\u2013336 (2014).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Hobaiter, C. & Byrne, R. W. The meanings of chimpanzee gestures. Curr. Biol. 24, 1596\u20131600 (2014).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Davila-Ross, M., Jesus, G., Osborne, J. & Bard, K. A. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) produce the same types of \u2018laugh faces\u2019 when they emit laughter and when they are silent. PLOS ONE. 10, e0127337 (2015).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Crockford, C. Why does the chimpanzee vocal repertoire remain poorly understood and what can be done about it? in The Chimpanzees of the Ta\u00ef Forest (eds Boesch, C. et al.) 394\u2013409 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (2019).<\/p>\n Chapter<\/a>\u00a0 O\u00f1a, L. S., Sandler, W. & Liebal, K. A stepping stone to compositionality in chimpanzee communication. PeerJ 7, e7623 (2019).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Grampp, M. et al. Social uncertainty promotes signal complexity during approaches in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and mangabeys (Cercocebus Atys Atys). Royal Soc. Open. Sci. 10, 231073 (2023).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 de Waal, F. B. M. Sex differences in the formation of coalitions among chimpanzees. Ethol. Sociobiol. 5, 239\u2013255 (1984).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Lehmann, J. & Boesch, C. Sexual differences in chimpanzee sociality. Int. J. Primatol. 29, 65\u201381 (2008).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Neal Webb, S. J., Hau, J. & Schapiro, S. J. Does group size matter? Captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) behavior as a function of group size and composition. Am. J. Primatol. 81, e22947 (2019).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 DeTroy, S. E., Ross, C. T., Cronin, K. A., van Leeuwen, E. J. C. & Haun, D. B. M. Cofeeding tolerance in chimpanzees depends on group composition: a longitudinal study across four communities. iScience 24, (2021).<\/p>\n Koski, S. E. Social personality traits in chimpanzees: Temporal stability and structure of behaviourally assessed personality traits in three captive populations. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 65, 2161\u20132174 (2011).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Liebal, K., Call, J. & Tomasello, M. Use of gesture sequences in chimpanzees. Am. J. Primatol. 64, 377\u2013396 (2004).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Call, J. How apes use gestures: The issue of flexibility. In Evolution of Communicative Flexibility: Complexity, Creativity, and Adaptability in Human and Animal Communication (eds. Oller, D. K. & Griebel, U.) 235\u2013252 (MIT Press, 2008).<\/p>\n Motes-Rodrigo, A., Tennie, C. & Hernandez-Aguilar, R. A. Bone-related behaviours of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) during two excavating experiments. Primates 64, 35\u201346 (2023).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 van Leeuwen, E. J. C., Bruinstroop, B. M. C. & Haun, D. B. M. Early trauma leaves no social signature in sanctuary-housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Animals 13, 49 (2022).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Friard, O. & Gamba, M. BORIS: a free, versatile open-source event\u2010logging software for video\/audio coding and live observations. Methods Ecol. Evol. 7, 1325\u20131330 (2016).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Bakeman, R. & Quera, V. Sequential Analysis and Observational Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (Cambridge University Press, 2011).<\/p>\n Bates, D. et al. lme4: linear mixed-effects models using \u2018eigen\u2019 and S4. (2025).<\/p>\n Stoffel, M. A., Nakagawa, S. & Schielzeth, H. RptR: repeatability Estimation and variance decomposition by generalized linear mixed-effects models. Methods Ecol. Evol. 8, 1639\u20131644 (2017).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Nakagawa, S. & Schielzeth, H. Repeatability for Gaussian and non-Gaussian data: a practical guide for biologists. Biol. Rev. 85, 935\u2013956 (2010).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Dobson, A. J. An Introduction To Generalized Linear Models (Chapman & Hall \/ CRC, 2002).<\/p>\n Quinn, G. P. & Keough, M. J. Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists (Cambridge University Press, 2002).<\/p>\n R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing.<\/p>\n Liebal, K., Slocombe, K. E. & Waller, B. M. The language void 10 years on: multimodal primate communication research is still uncommon. Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 34, 274\u2013287 (2022).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 van Leeuwen, E. J. C. Temporal stability of chimpanzee social culture. Biol. Lett. 17, 20210031 (2021).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Dal Pesco, F. & Fischer, J. On the evolution of baboon greeting rituals. Philosophical Trans. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 375, 20190420 (2020).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Luef, E. M. & Pika, S. Social relationships and greetings in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): use of signal combinations. Primates 60, 507\u2013515 (2019).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Grafe, T. U. et al. Multimodal communication in a noisy environment: a case study of the Bornean rock frog Staurois parvus. PLOS ONE. 7, e37965 (2012).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Morin, P. A. et al. Kin selection, social structure, gene flow, and the evolution of chimpanzees. Science 265, 1193\u20131201 (1994).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Nishida, T. & Hosaka, K. Coalition strategies among adult male chimpanzees of the Mahale mountains, Tanzania. in Great Ape Societies (eds McGrew, W., Marchant, L. & Nishida, T.) 114\u2013134 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (1996).<\/p>\n Chapter<\/a>\u00a0 Lehmann, J. & Boesch, C. Sociality of the dispersing sex: the nature of social bonds in West African female chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. Anim. Behav. 77, 377\u2013387 (2009).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Bernstein, I. S. & Gordon, T. P. The function of aggression in primate societies: uncontrolled aggression may threaten human survival, but aggression may be vital to the establishment and regulation of primate societies and sociality. Am. Sci. 62, 304\u2013311 (1974).<\/p>\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0 Scott, N. M. Gesture use by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): differences between sexes in inter- and intra-sexual interactions. Am. J. Primatol. 75, 555\u2013567 (2013).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Bell, A. M., Hankison, S. J. & Laskowski, K. L. The repeatability of behaviour: a meta-analysis. Anim. Behav. 77, 771\u2013783 (2009).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Lakoff, R. Linguistic theory and the real world. Lang. Learn. 25, 309\u2013338 (1975).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 von Rudolf, C. & Burkart, J. M. Schaik, C. P. Evolutionary precursors of social norms in chimpanzees: a new approach. Biol. Philos. 26, 1\u201330 (2011). van.<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Flack, J. C., Jeannotte, L. A. & de Waal, F. B. M. Play signalling and the perception of social rules by juvenile chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). J. Comp. Psychol. 118, 149\u2013159 (2004).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Verderane, M. P. & Izar, P. Maternal care styles in primates: considering a new world species. Psicol. USP. 30, e190055 (2019).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Goodall, J. The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behaviour (Belknap Press of Harvard University, 1986).<\/p>\n Fedurek, P. et al. The function of chimpanzee greeting calls is modulated by their acoustic variation. Anim. Behav. 174, 279\u2013289 (2021).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Wolf, M., van Doorn, G. S. & Weissing, F. J. Evolutionary emergence of responsive and unresponsive personalities. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 105, 15825\u201315830 (2008).<\/p>\n Van Gils, J. A. State-dependent bayesian foraging on spatially autocorrelated food distributions. Oikos 119, 237\u2013244 (2010).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0 Mathot, K. J. et al. Disentangling the roles of frequency-vs. state-dependence in generating individual differences in behavioural plasticity. Ecol. Lett. 14, 1254\u20131262 (2011).<\/p>\n Article<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n ADS<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n PubMed<\/a>\u00a0
\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Schwarz, N. Cognition and Communication: Judgmental Biases, Research Methods, and the Logic of Conversation (Psychology, 2014). Heesen, R.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9735,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[4338,10227,10226,10228,2026,61,10229,60,10230,2027,10231,10232,10233,82],"class_list":{"0":"post-9734","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-science","8":"tag-animal-behaviour","9":"tag-behavioural-reaction-norms","10":"tag-biological-anthropology","11":"tag-context","12":"tag-humanities-and-social-sciences","13":"tag-ie","14":"tag-individual-variation","15":"tag-ireland","16":"tag-multicomponent-signalling","17":"tag-multidisciplinary","18":"tag-multisensory-signalling","19":"tag-n-pan-troglodytesn","20":"tag-plasticity","21":"tag-science"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9734"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9734\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9735"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/ie\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}