The United Nations Human Rights Council will hold an emergency session on Friday to address what it described as “alarming violence” used by Iranian authorities against protesters, as a group of states push for alleged abuses to be documented for possible future trials.

At least 50 countries backed the call for the special session, according to a letter drafted by Iceland, citing credible reports of lethal force, mass arrests and widespread violations of international human rights law.

Rights groups say thousands of people, including bystanders, were killed during the unrest, which has become the most serious challenge to Iran’s clerical leadership since protests erupted in 2022.

CALLS FOR ACCOUNTABILITY AND FUTURE TRIALS

Advocates plan to urge U.N.-mandated investigators to collect and preserve evidence that could be used in future legal proceedings.

“The scale of the crimes is unprecedented,” said Payam Akhavan, a former U.N. prosecutor with Iranian-Canadian nationality, who is due to address the council.

“We are trying to set the stage for transitional justice in Iran, for the country’s Nuremberg moment, should that come to pass,” he said, referring to the post-World War Two trials of Nazi leaders.

Iran’s diplomatic mission in Geneva did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

Tehran has blamed the violence on “terrorists and rioters” backed by exiled opposition groups and foreign enemies, including the United States and Israel.

EXTENDING UN INVESTIGATION MANDATE

The proposal before the Geneva-based body seeks to extend by two years the mandate of a U.N. fact-finding mission established in 2022 following an earlier wave of protests.

It also calls for an urgent investigation into violations and crimes linked to the latest unrest, which began on December 28, with a view to preserving evidence “for potential future legal proceedings.”

It remains unclear how the expanded probe would be funded, as the United Nations faces a budget crisis that has already delayed or stalled other investigations.

PRESSURE ON TEHRAN

Human rights advocates say the emergency session could increase international scrutiny and political pressure on Iranian authorities.

“The session sends a strong message to Iranian authorities that the international community is closely monitoring their actions and will not tolerate the suppression of dissenting voices,” said Azadeh Pourzand, spokesperson for Impact Iran, a coalition of 19 non-governmental organisations campaigning for human rights in Iran.

ANALYSIS: SYMBOLIC MOMENTUM, LIMITED LEVERAGE

The emergency session underscores growing international concern over Iran’s handling of the protests, but its practical impact may be limited in the absence of enforcement mechanisms.

While extending the investigative mandate could help preserve evidence and lay groundwork for future accountability, any prosecutions would likely depend on political change inside Iran or the involvement of international courts both distant prospects for now.

Still, the move carries symbolic weight. By framing the crackdown in terms of potential crimes under international law, supporters hope to raise the long-term costs for Iranian officials and deter further abuses, even as Tehran remains largely insulated from immediate consequences.

With information from Reuters.