JOHANNESBURG –

China’s role as a leading financier to developing nations has shifted over the past decade, with new loans to poorer countries falling ​sharply while debt repayments continue to rise, according to analysis released by ‍ONE ⁠Data.

The inaugural report by the ONE Data initiative ‍found that many low- and middle-income countries — particularly in Africa — are now transferring more funds to China in debt payments than they receive in fresh financing from the world’s second-largest economy. The swing has coincided with a surge in ‍net financing from multilateral institutions, which have become the main source of development finance once debt-service outflows are taken into account.

Multilateral lenders increased net financing ‌by 124% over the past decade and now provide 56% of net flows, equivalent to $379 billion between ​2020 and 2024, ‌the analysis found.