Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Lipin Loo

BGI Research, Beijing, China

Keke Xia

Human Technopole, Milan, Italy

Nicola Crosetto, Magda Bienko, Ivano Legnini, Craig Glastonbury & Piero Carninci

Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Nicola Crosetto & Magda Bienko

Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Chang Xu & Boxiang Liu

Centre for Biomedical Data Science and Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

Jinmiao Chen

Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore

Jinmiao Chen & Grace Yeo

Immunology Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Republic of Singapore

Jinmiao Chen

Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain

Anna Pascual Reguant & Holger Heyn

Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain

Anna Pascual Reguant & Holger Heyn

Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China

Chengyu Li

State Key Laboratory of Genome and Multi-omics Technologies, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China

Ji Wang, Xiaofeng Wei & Xun Xu

State Key Laboratory of Genome and Multi-omics Technologies, BGI Research, Hangzhou, China

Longqi Liu, Shiping Liu & Lei Han

Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

Craig Glastonbury

RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Campus, Yokohama, Japan

Alok Sharma & Piero Carninci

College of Informatics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea

Alok Sharma

University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji

Alok Sharma

University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Alok Sharma & Yutaka Suzuki

Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel

Nir Yosef & Ido Amit

Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore

Boxiang Liu & Grace Yeo

Department of Biomedical Informatics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Boxiang Liu

Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore

Grace Yeo

Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

Mu-ming Poo

ICREA, Barcelona, Spain

Holger Heyn

Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany

Fabian Theis

TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

Fabian Theis

TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

Fabian Theis

John C. Martin Centre for Liver Research and Innovations, Kolkata, India

Partha Majumder

Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Jan Mulder

BGI, Shenzhen, China

Weibin Liu

QIMR Berghofer and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Quan Nguyen

Q.N., L. Loo. and W.L. conceived and coordinated the consortium whitepaper. L. Loo, K.X., N.C., M.B., C.X., J.C., A.P.R., C.L., J.W., X.W., L. Liu, S.L., L.H., I.L., C.G., Alok Sharma, Y.S., N.Y., B.L., G.Y., M.-m.P., H.H., F.T., P.M., J.M., I.A., P.C., X.X., W.L. and Q.N. contributed to the writing, editing and critical review of the manuscript. J.W. and Q.N. generated the figures. All authors contributed intellectual input to the development of the STOC framework, participated in working groups and approved the final version of the manuscript.