{"id":117878,"date":"2025-11-06T03:26:09","date_gmt":"2025-11-06T03:26:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/117878\/"},"modified":"2025-11-06T03:26:09","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T03:26:09","slug":"evidence-for-the-evolution-of-male-and-female-cardinals-plumage-colouration-being-affected-by-both-natural-and-sexual-selection-bmc-ecology-and-evolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/117878\/","title":{"rendered":"Evidence for the evolution of male and female cardinals\u2019 plumage colouration being affected by both natural and sexual selection | BMC Ecology and Evolution"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Darwin C. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray; 1871.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Dale J, et al. The effects of life history and sexual selection on male and female plumage colouration. Nature. 2015;527(7578):367\u201370.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature15509\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature15509\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature15509\" aria-label=\"Article reference 2\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature15509\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhslOrtLjL\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 2\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26536112\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 2\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20effects%20of%20life%20history%20and%20sexual%20selection%20on%20male%20and%20female%20plumage%20colouration&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature15509&amp;volume=527&amp;issue=7578&amp;pages=367-70&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Dale%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Prum RO. The Lande-Kirkpatrick mechanism is the null model of evolution by intersexual selection: implications for meaning, honesty, and design in intersexual signals. Evolution. 2010;64(11):3085\u2013100.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2010.01054.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2010.01054.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1558-5646.2010.01054.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 3\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2010.01054.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20633044\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 3\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20Lande-Kirkpatrick%20mechanism%20is%20the%20null%20model%20of%20evolution%20by%20intersexual%20selection%3A%20implications%20for%20meaning%2C%20honesty%2C%20and%20design%20in%20intersexual%20signals&amp;journal=Evolution&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1558-5646.2010.01054.x&amp;volume=64&amp;issue=11&amp;pages=3085-100&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Prum%2CRO\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Cooney CR, et al. Sexual selection predicts the rate and direction of colour divergence in a large avian radiation. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):1773.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-019-09859-7\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-019-09859-7\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-019-09859-7\" aria-label=\"Article reference 4\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-019-09859-7\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30992444\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6467902\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 4\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Sexual%20selection%20predicts%20the%20rate%20and%20direction%20of%20colour%20divergence%20in%20a%20large%20avian%20radiation&amp;journal=Nat%20Commun&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-019-09859-7&amp;volume=10&amp;issue=1&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Cooney%2CCR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Cardoso GC, Mota PG. Speciational evolution of coloration in the genus carduelis. Evolution. 2008;62(4):753\u201362.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2008.00337.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2008.00337.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1558-5646.2008.00337.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2008.00337.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=18248633\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 5\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Speciational%20evolution%20of%20coloration%20in%20the%20genus%20carduelis&amp;journal=Evolution&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1558-5646.2008.00337.x&amp;volume=62&amp;issue=4&amp;pages=753-62&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Cardoso%2CGC&amp;author=Mota%2CPG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Martin TE, Badyaev AV. Sexual dichromatism in birds: importance of nest predation and nest location for females versus males. Evolution. 1996;50(6):2454\u201360.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03631.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03631.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1558-5646.1996.tb03631.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03631.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28565684\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Sexual%20dichromatism%20in%20birds%3A%20importance%20of%20nest%20predation%20and%20nest%20location%20for%20females%20versus%20males&amp;journal=Evolution&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1558-5646.1996.tb03631.x&amp;volume=50&amp;issue=6&amp;pages=2454-60&amp;publication_year=1996&amp;author=Martin%2CTE&amp;author=Badyaev%2CAV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Hill GE, McGraw KJ. Bird coloration. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; 2006.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.4159\/9780674273818\" data-track-item_id=\"10.4159\/9780674273818\" data-track-value=\"book reference\" data-track-action=\"book reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4159%2F9780674273818\" aria-label=\"Book reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.4159\/9780674273818\" target=\"_blank\">Book<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Bird%20coloration&amp;doi=10.4159%2F9780674273818&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Hill%2CGE&amp;author=McGraw%2CKJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Stoddard MC, Prum RO. Evolution of avian plumage color in a tetrahedral color space: a phylogenetic analysis of new world buntings. Am Nat. 2008;171(6):755\u201376.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/587526\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/587526\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F587526\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/587526\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=18419340\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Evolution%20of%20avian%20plumage%20color%20in%20a%20tetrahedral%20color%20space%3A%20a%20phylogenetic%20analysis%20of%20new%20world%20buntings&amp;journal=Am%20Nat&amp;doi=10.1086%2F587526&amp;volume=171&amp;issue=6&amp;pages=755-76&amp;publication_year=2008&amp;author=Stoddard%2CMC&amp;author=Prum%2CRO\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Cooney CR, et al. Latitudinal gradients in avian colourfulness. Nat Ecol Evol. 2022;6(5):622\u20139.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41559-022-01714-1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41559-022-01714-1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41559-022-01714-1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 9\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41559-022-01714-1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35379937\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Latitudinal%20gradients%20in%20avian%20colourfulness&amp;journal=Nat%20Ecol%20Evol&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41559-022-01714-1&amp;volume=6&amp;issue=5&amp;pages=622-9&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Cooney%2CCR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Carballo L, et al. Body size and climate as predictors of plumage colouration and sexual dichromatism in parrots. J Evol Biol. 2020;33(11):1543\u201357.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/jeb.13690\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/jeb.13690\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fjeb.13690\" aria-label=\"Article reference 10\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/jeb.13690\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32797649\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Body%20size%20and%20climate%20as%20predictors%20of%20plumage%20colouration%20and%20sexual%20dichromatism%20in%20parrots&amp;journal=J%20Evol%20Biol&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fjeb.13690&amp;volume=33&amp;issue=11&amp;pages=1543-57&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Carballo%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Hamilton WJ, Heppner F. Radiant solar energy and the function of black homeotherm pigmentation: an hypothesis. Science. 1967;155(3759):196\u20137.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.155.3759.196\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.155.3759.196\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.155.3759.196\" aria-label=\"Article reference 11\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.155.3759.196\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=6015524\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Radiant%20solar%20energy%20and%20the%20function%20of%20black%20homeotherm%20pigmentation%3A%20an%20hypothesis&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.155.3759.196&amp;volume=155&amp;issue=3759&amp;pages=196-7&amp;publication_year=1967&amp;author=Hamilton%2CWJ&amp;author=Heppner%2CF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Leit\u00e3o AV, Monteiro AH, Mota PG. Ultraviolet reflectance influences female preference for colourful males in the European Serin. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 2014;68(1):63\u201372.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s00265-013-1623-5\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s00265-013-1623-5\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00265-013-1623-5\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s00265-013-1623-5\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ultraviolet%20reflectance%20influences%20female%20preference%20for%20colourful%20males%20in%20the%20European%20Serin&amp;journal=Behav%20Ecol%20Sociobiol&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs00265-013-1623-5&amp;volume=68&amp;issue=1&amp;pages=63-72&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Leit%C3%A3o%2CAV&amp;author=Monteiro%2CAH&amp;author=Mota%2CPG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Leitao AV, et al. Female and male plumage colour signals aggression in a dichromatic tropical Songbird. Anim Behav. 2019;150:285\u2013301.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2019.01.025\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2019.01.025\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.anbehav.2019.01.025\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2019.01.025\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Female%20and%20male%20plumage%20colour%20signals%20aggression%20in%20a%20dichromatic%20tropical%20Songbird&amp;journal=Anim%20Behav&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.anbehav.2019.01.025&amp;volume=150&amp;pages=285-301&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Leitao%2CAV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Terrill RS, Shultz AJ. Feather function and the evolution of birds. Biol Rev. 2023;98(2):540\u201366.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/brv.12918\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/brv.12918\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fbrv.12918\" aria-label=\"Article reference 14\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/brv.12918\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=36424880\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 14\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Feather%20function%20and%20the%20evolution%20of%20birds&amp;journal=Biol%20Rev&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fbrv.12918&amp;volume=98&amp;issue=2&amp;pages=540-66&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Terrill%2CRS&amp;author=Shultz%2CAJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Kemp DJ, et al. An integrative framework for the appraisal of coloration in nature. Am Nat. 2015;185(6):705\u201324.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/681021\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/681021\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F681021\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/681021\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25996857\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=An%20integrative%20framework%20for%20the%20appraisal%20of%20coloration%20in%20nature&amp;journal=Am%20Nat&amp;doi=10.1086%2F681021&amp;volume=185&amp;issue=6&amp;pages=705-24&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Kemp%2CDJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Shultz AJ, Burns KJ. The role of sexual and natural selection in shaping patterns of sexual dichromatism in the largest family of songbirds (Aves: Thraupidae). Evolution. 2017;71(4):1061\u201374.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/evo.13196\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/evo.13196\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fevo.13196\" aria-label=\"Article reference 16\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/evo.13196\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=28168699\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20role%20of%20sexual%20and%20natural%20selection%20in%20shaping%20patterns%20of%20sexual%20dichromatism%20in%20the%20largest%20family%20of%20songbirds%20%28Aves%3A%20Thraupidae%29&amp;journal=Evolution&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fevo.13196&amp;volume=71&amp;issue=4&amp;pages=1061-74&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Shultz%2CAJ&amp;author=Burns%2CKJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Spottiswoode C, M\u00f8ller AP. Extrapair paternity, migration, and breeding synchrony in birds. Behav Ecol. 2004;15:41\u201357.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/beheco\/arg100\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/beheco\/arg100\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fbeheco%2Farg100\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/beheco\/arg100\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Extrapair%20paternity%2C%20migration%2C%20and%20breeding%20synchrony%20in%20birds&amp;journal=Behav%20Ecol&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fbeheco%2Farg100&amp;volume=15&amp;pages=41-57&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Spottiswoode%2CC&amp;author=M%C3%B8ller%2CAP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Fitzpatrick S. Colourful migratory birds: evidence for a mechanism other than parasite resistance for the maintenance of \u2018good genes\u2019 sexual selection. Proc Biol Sci. 1994;257:155\u201360.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Spottiswoode CN, Tottrup AP, Coppack T. Sexual selection predicts advancement of avian spring migration in response to climate change. Proc Royal Soc B-Biological Sci. 2006;273(1605):3023\u20139.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3688\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3688\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frspb.2006.3688\" aria-label=\"Article reference 19\" data-doi=\"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3688\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Sexual%20selection%20predicts%20advancement%20of%20avian%20spring%20migration%20in%20response%20to%20climate%20change&amp;journal=Proc%20Royal%20Soc%20B-Biological%20Sci&amp;doi=10.1098%2Frspb.2006.3688&amp;volume=273&amp;issue=1605&amp;pages=3023-9&amp;publication_year=2006&amp;author=Spottiswoode%2CCN&amp;author=Tottrup%2CAP&amp;author=Coppack%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Simpson RK, Johnson MA, Murphy TG. Migration and the evolution of sexual dichromatism: evolutionary loss of female coloration with migration among wood-warblers. Proc Biol Sci. 2015;282(1809).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Galv\u00e1n I, et al. On showy dwarfs and sober giants: body size as a constraint for the evolution of bird plumage colouration. Acta Ornithologica. 2013;48(1):65\u201380.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3161\/000164513X670007\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3161\/000164513X670007\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3161%2F000164513X670007\" aria-label=\"Article reference 21\" data-doi=\"10.3161\/000164513X670007\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=On%20showy%20dwarfs%20and%20sober%20giants%3A%20body%20size%20as%20a%20constraint%20for%20the%20evolution%20of%20bird%20plumage%20colouration&amp;journal=Acta%20Ornithologica&amp;doi=10.3161%2F000164513X670007&amp;volume=48&amp;issue=1&amp;pages=65-80&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Galv%C3%A1n%2CI\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Ricklefs RE. Insights from comparative analyses of aging in birds and mammals. Aging Cell. 2010;9(2):273\u201384.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2009.00542.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2009.00542.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1474-9726.2009.00542.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 22\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2009.00542.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXktFOnsL8%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20041859\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 22\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Insights%20from%20comparative%20analyses%20of%20aging%20in%20birds%20and%20mammals&amp;journal=Aging%20Cell&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1474-9726.2009.00542.x&amp;volume=9&amp;issue=2&amp;pages=273-84&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Ricklefs%2CRE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Delhey K, et al. The evolution of carotenoid-based plumage colours in passerine birds. J Anim Ecol. 2023;92(1):66\u201377.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/1365-2656.13791\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/1365-2656.13791\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2F1365-2656.13791\" aria-label=\"Article reference 23\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/1365-2656.13791\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=35899818\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 23\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 23\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20evolution%20of%20carotenoid-based%20plumage%20colours%20in%20passerine%20birds&amp;journal=J%20Anim%20Ecol&amp;doi=10.1111%2F1365-2656.13791&amp;volume=92&amp;issue=1&amp;pages=66-77&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Delhey%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Endler JA. The color of light in forests and its implications. Ecol Monogr. 1993;63(1):1\u201327.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.2307\/2937121\" data-track-item_id=\"10.2307\/2937121\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307%2F2937121\" aria-label=\"Article reference 24\" data-doi=\"10.2307\/2937121\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20color%20of%20light%20in%20forests%20and%20its%20implications&amp;journal=Ecol%20Monogr&amp;doi=10.2307%2F2937121&amp;volume=63&amp;issue=1&amp;pages=1-27&amp;publication_year=1993&amp;author=Endler%2CJA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">McNaught MK, Owens IPF. Interspecific variation in plumage colour among birds: species recognition or light environment? J Evol Biol. 2002;15(4):505\u201314.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2002.00431.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2002.00431.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046%2Fj.1420-9101.2002.00431.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 25\" data-doi=\"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2002.00431.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Interspecific%20variation%20in%20plumage%20colour%20among%20birds%3A%20species%20recognition%20or%20light%20environment%3F&amp;journal=J%20Evol%20Biol&amp;doi=10.1046%2Fj.1420-9101.2002.00431.x&amp;volume=15&amp;issue=4&amp;pages=505-14&amp;publication_year=2002&amp;author=McNaught%2CMK&amp;author=Owens%2CIPF\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Marchetti K. Dark habitats and bright birds illustrate the role of the environment in species divergence. Nature. 1993;362(6416):149\u201352.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/362149a0\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/362149a0\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2F362149a0\" aria-label=\"Article reference 26\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/362149a0\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Dark%20habitats%20and%20bright%20birds%20illustrate%20the%20role%20of%20the%20environment%20in%20species%20divergence&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2F362149a0&amp;volume=362&amp;issue=6416&amp;pages=149-52&amp;publication_year=1993&amp;author=Marchetti%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Soler JJ, Moreno J. Evolution of sexual dichromatism in relation to nesting habits in European passerines: a test of wallace\u2019s hypothesis. J Evol Biol. 2012;25(8):1614\u201322.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2012.02544.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2012.02544.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1420-9101.2012.02544.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 27\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2012.02544.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BC38nktVahuw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 27\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22594957\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 27\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Evolution%20of%20sexual%20dichromatism%20in%20relation%20to%20nesting%20habits%20in%20European%20passerines%3A%20a%20test%20of%20wallace%E2%80%99s%20hypothesis&amp;journal=J%20Evol%20Biol&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1420-9101.2012.02544.x&amp;volume=25&amp;issue=8&amp;pages=1614-22&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Soler%2CJJ&amp;author=Moreno%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Badyaev AV. Altitudinal variation in sexual dimorphism: a new pattern and alternative hypotheses. Behav Ecol. 1997;8(6):675\u201390.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/beheco\/8.6.675\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/beheco\/8.6.675\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fbeheco%2F8.6.675\" aria-label=\"Article reference 28\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/beheco\/8.6.675\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 28\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Altitudinal%20variation%20in%20sexual%20dimorphism%3A%20a%20new%20pattern%20and%20alternative%20hypotheses&amp;journal=Behav%20Ecol&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fbeheco%2F8.6.675&amp;volume=8&amp;issue=6&amp;pages=675-90&amp;publication_year=1997&amp;author=Badyaev%2CAV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Delhey K, et al. Reconciling ecogeographical rules: rainfall and temperature predict global colour variation in the largest bird radiation. Ecol Lett. 2019;22(4):726\u201336.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/ele.13233\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/ele.13233\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fele.13233\" aria-label=\"Article reference 29\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/ele.13233\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30779293\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 29\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Reconciling%20ecogeographical%20rules%3A%20rainfall%20and%20temperature%20predict%20global%20colour%20variation%20in%20the%20largest%20bird%20radiation&amp;journal=Ecol%20Lett&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fele.13233&amp;volume=22&amp;issue=4&amp;pages=726-36&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Delhey%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Bleiweiss R. Covariation of sexual dichromatism and plumage colours in lekking and non-lekking birds: A comparative analysis. Evol Ecol. 1997;11(2):217\u201335.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1023\/A:1018456017643\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1023\/A:1018456017643\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023%2FA%3A1018456017643\" aria-label=\"Article reference 30\" data-doi=\"10.1023\/A:1018456017643\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Covariation%20of%20sexual%20dichromatism%20and%20plumage%20colours%20in%20lekking%20and%20non-lekking%20birds%3A%20A%20comparative%20analysis&amp;journal=Evol%20Ecol&amp;doi=10.1023%2FA%3A1018456017643&amp;volume=11&amp;issue=2&amp;pages=217-35&amp;publication_year=1997&amp;author=Bleiweiss%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Prum RO. Phylogenetic tests of alternative intersexual selection mechanisms: trait macroevolution in a polygynous clade (Aves: Pipridae). Am Nat. 1997;149(4):668\u201392.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/286014\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/286014\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F286014\" aria-label=\"Article reference 31\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/286014\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 31\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Phylogenetic%20tests%20of%20alternative%20intersexual%20selection%20mechanisms%3A%20trait%20macroevolution%20in%20a%20polygynous%20clade%20%28Aves%3A%20Pipridae%29&amp;journal=Am%20Nat&amp;doi=10.1086%2F286014&amp;volume=149&amp;issue=4&amp;pages=668-92&amp;publication_year=1997&amp;author=Prum%2CRO\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Delhey K, et al. Evolutionary predictors of the specific colors of birds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023;120(34):e2217692120.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1073\/pnas.2217692120\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1073\/pnas.2217692120\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073%2Fpnas.2217692120\" aria-label=\"Article reference 32\" data-doi=\"10.1073\/pnas.2217692120\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3sXhvFSqtLfI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=37579151\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10450850\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Evolutionary%20predictors%20of%20the%20specific%20colors%20of%20birds&amp;journal=Proc%20Natl%20Acad%20Sci%20U%20S%20A&amp;doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.2217692120&amp;volume=120&amp;issue=34&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Delhey%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Tazzyman SJ, Iwasa Y, Pomiankowski A. Signaling efficacy drives the evolution of larger sexual ornaments by sexual selection. Evolution. 2014;68(1):216\u201329.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/evo.12255\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/evo.12255\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fevo.12255\" aria-label=\"Article reference 33\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/evo.12255\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=24099137\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 33\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 33\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Signaling%20efficacy%20drives%20the%20evolution%20of%20larger%20sexual%20ornaments%20by%20sexual%20selection&amp;journal=Evolution&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fevo.12255&amp;volume=68&amp;issue=1&amp;pages=216-29&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Tazzyman%2CSJ&amp;author=Iwasa%2CY&amp;author=Pomiankowski%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Dunn PO, Armenta JK, Whittingham LA. Natural and sexual selection act on different axes of variation in avian plumage color. Sci Adv. 2015;1(2):e1400155.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/sciadv.1400155\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/sciadv.1400155\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fsciadv.1400155\" aria-label=\"Article reference 34\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/sciadv.1400155\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26601146\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4643820\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Natural%20and%20sexual%20selection%20act%20on%20different%20axes%20of%20variation%20in%20avian%20plumage%20color&amp;journal=Sci%20Adv&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fsciadv.1400155&amp;volume=1&amp;issue=2&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Dunn%2CPO&amp;author=Armenta%2CJK&amp;author=Whittingham%2CLA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Irwin RE. The evolution of plumage dichromatism in the New-World Blackbirds &#8211; Social selection on female brightness. Am Nat. 1994;144(6):890\u2013907.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1086\/285717\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1086\/285717\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086%2F285717\" aria-label=\"Article reference 35\" data-doi=\"10.1086\/285717\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 35\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20evolution%20of%20plumage%20dichromatism%20in%20the%20New-World%20Blackbirds%20-%20Social%20selection%20on%20female%20brightness&amp;journal=Am%20Nat&amp;doi=10.1086%2F285717&amp;volume=144&amp;issue=6&amp;pages=890-907&amp;publication_year=1994&amp;author=Irwin%2CRE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Weaver RJ, et al. Carotenoid metabolism strengthens the link between feather coloration and individual quality. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):73.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-017-02649-z\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-017-02649-z\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-017-02649-z\" aria-label=\"Article reference 36\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-017-02649-z\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29311592\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5758789\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Carotenoid%20metabolism%20strengthens%20the%20link%20between%20feather%20coloration%20and%20individual%20quality&amp;journal=Nat%20Commun&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-017-02649-z&amp;volume=9&amp;issue=1&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Weaver%2CRJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Hill GE et al. Plumage redness signals mitochondrial function in the house finch. Proc Biol Sci. 2019;286(1911).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Weaver RJ, Koch RE, Hill GE. What maintains signal honesty in animal colour displays used in mate choice? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2017;372(1724).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR39\">Simons MJ, Cohen AA, Verhulst S. What does carotenoid-dependent coloration tell? Plasma carotenoid level signals immunocompetence and oxidative stress state in birds-A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(8):e43088.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043088\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043088\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0043088\" aria-label=\"Article reference 39\" data-doi=\"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043088\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xht1ejt7vI\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=22905205\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3419220\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 39\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 39\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=What%20does%20carotenoid-dependent%20coloration%20tell%3F%20Plasma%20carotenoid%20level%20signals%20immunocompetence%20and%20oxidative%20stress%20state%20in%20birds-A%20meta-analysis&amp;journal=PLoS%20ONE&amp;doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0043088&amp;volume=7&amp;issue=8&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Simons%2CMJ&amp;author=Cohen%2CAA&amp;author=Verhulst%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR40\">Perez-Rodriguez L, Mougeot F, Alonso-Alvarez C. Carotenoid-based coloration predicts resistance to oxidative damage during immune challenge. J Exp Biol. 2010;213(Pt 10):1685\u201390.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1242\/jeb.039982\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1242\/jeb.039982\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242%2Fjeb.039982\" aria-label=\"Article reference 40\" data-doi=\"10.1242\/jeb.039982\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXovVGhtbg%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 40\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=20435819\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 40\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 40\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Carotenoid-based%20coloration%20predicts%20resistance%20to%20oxidative%20damage%20during%20immune%20challenge&amp;journal=J%20Exp%20Biol&amp;doi=10.1242%2Fjeb.039982&amp;volume=213&amp;issue=Pt%2010&amp;pages=1685-90&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Perez-Rodriguez%2CL&amp;author=Mougeot%2CF&amp;author=Alonso-Alvarez%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR41\">Moller AP, et al. Carotenoid-dependent signals: indicators of foraging efficiency, immunocompetence or detoxification ability? Avian Poult Biology Reviews. 2000;11(3):137\u201359.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 41\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Carotenoid-dependent%20signals%3A%20indicators%20of%20foraging%20efficiency%2C%20immunocompetence%20or%20detoxification%20ability%3F&amp;journal=Avian%20Poult%20Biology%20Reviews&amp;volume=11&amp;issue=3&amp;pages=137-59&amp;publication_year=2000&amp;author=Moller%2CAP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR42\">Lozano GA. Carotenoids, Parasites, and sexual selection. Oikos. 1994;70(2):309\u201311.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.2307\/3545643\" data-track-item_id=\"10.2307\/3545643\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307%2F3545643\" aria-label=\"Article reference 42\" data-doi=\"10.2307\/3545643\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 42\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Carotenoids%2C%20Parasites%2C%20and%20sexual%20selection&amp;journal=Oikos&amp;doi=10.2307%2F3545643&amp;volume=70&amp;issue=2&amp;pages=309-11&amp;publication_year=1994&amp;author=Lozano%2CGA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR43\">Hill GE. Condition-dependent traits as signals of the functionality of vital cellular processes. Ecol Lett. 2011;14(7):625\u201334.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2011.01622.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2011.01622.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1461-0248.2011.01622.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 43\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2011.01622.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=21518211\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 43\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 43\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Condition-dependent%20traits%20as%20signals%20of%20the%20functionality%20of%20vital%20cellular%20processes&amp;journal=Ecol%20Lett&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1461-0248.2011.01622.x&amp;volume=14&amp;issue=7&amp;pages=625-34&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Hill%2CGE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR44\">Koch RE, et al. Mechanisms of carotenoid metabolism: understanding the links between red coloration, cellular respiration, and individual quality. Integr Comp Biol. 2025.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR45\">Lopes RJ, et al. Genetic basis for red coloration in birds. Curr Biol. 2016;26(11):1427\u201334.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.03.076\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.03.076\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2016.03.076\" aria-label=\"Article reference 45\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.03.076\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xotlensbs%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27212400\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5125026\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 45\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 45\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Genetic%20basis%20for%20red%20coloration%20in%20birds&amp;journal=Curr%20Biol&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.cub.2016.03.076&amp;volume=26&amp;issue=11&amp;pages=1427-34&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Lopes%2CRJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR46\">Winkler DW, Billerman SM, Lovette IJ. Cardinals and allies (Cardinalidae), version 1.0. In: Billerman SM, Rodewald PG, Schulenberg TS, editors. Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; 2020.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR47\">Barker FK, et al. New insights into new world biogeography: an integrated view from the phylogeny of blackbirds, cardinals, sparrows, tanagers, warblers, and allies. Auk. 2015;132(2):333\u201348.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1642\/AUK-14-110.1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1642\/AUK-14-110.1\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1642%2FAUK-14-110.1\" aria-label=\"Article reference 47\" data-doi=\"10.1642\/AUK-14-110.1\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 47\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=New%20insights%20into%20new%20world%20biogeography%3A%20an%20integrated%20view%20from%20the%20phylogeny%20of%20blackbirds%2C%20cardinals%2C%20sparrows%2C%20tanagers%2C%20warblers%2C%20and%20allies&amp;journal=Auk&amp;doi=10.1642%2FAUK-14-110.1&amp;volume=132&amp;issue=2&amp;pages=333-48&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Barker%2CFK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR48\">Scott BF, Shultz AJ, Burns KJ. The impact of habitat and migration on plumage colour in Cardinalidae. Biol J Linn Soc. 2023;141(2):264\u201377.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/biolinnean\/blad066\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/biolinnean\/blad066\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fbiolinnean%2Fblad066\" aria-label=\"Article reference 48\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/biolinnean\/blad066\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 48\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20impact%20of%20habitat%20and%20migration%20on%20plumage%20colour%20in%20Cardinalidae&amp;journal=Biol%20J%20Linn%20Soc&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fbiolinnean%2Fblad066&amp;volume=141&amp;issue=2&amp;pages=264-77&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Scott%2CBF&amp;author=Shultz%2CAJ&amp;author=Burns%2CKJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR49\">Leit\u00e3o AV, et al. Evidence for multiple functions in a sexually selected ornament. Anim Behav. 2015;110:155\u201361.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2015.09.025\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2015.09.025\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.anbehav.2015.09.025\" aria-label=\"Article reference 49\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2015.09.025\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 49\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Evidence%20for%20multiple%20functions%20in%20a%20sexually%20selected%20ornament&amp;journal=Anim%20Behav&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.anbehav.2015.09.025&amp;volume=110&amp;pages=155-61&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Leit%C3%A3o%2CAV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR50\">Maia R, et al. Pavo: an R package for the analysis, visualization and organization of spectral data. Methods Ecol Evol. 2013;4(10):906\u201313.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/2041-210X.12069\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/2041-210X.12069\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2F2041-210X.12069\" aria-label=\"Article reference 50\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/2041-210X.12069\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 50\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Pavo%3A%20an%20R%20package%20for%20the%20analysis%2C%20visualization%20and%20organization%20of%20spectral%20data&amp;journal=Methods%20Ecol%20Evol&amp;doi=10.1111%2F2041-210X.12069&amp;volume=4&amp;issue=10&amp;pages=906-13&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Maia%2CR\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR51\">Core Team R. R: A Language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna, Austria; 2022.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR52\">\u00d6deen A, H\u00e5stad O, Alstr\u00f6m P. Evolution of ultraviolet vision in the largest avian radiation &#8211; the passerines. BMC Evol Biol. 2011;11.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR53\">Vorobyev M, et al. Tetrachromacy, oil droplets and bird plumage colours. J Comp Physiol A. 1998;183(5):621\u201333.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s003590050286\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s003590050286\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s003590050286\" aria-label=\"Article reference 53\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s003590050286\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2Fls1ygsQ%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 53\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=9839454\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 53\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 53\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tetrachromacy%2C%20oil%20droplets%20and%20bird%20plumage%20colours&amp;journal=J%20Comp%20Physiol%20A&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs003590050286&amp;volume=183&amp;issue=5&amp;pages=621-33&amp;publication_year=1998&amp;author=Vorobyev%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR54\">Hart NS, Vorobyev M. Modelling oil droplet absorption spectra and spectral sensitivities of bird cone photoreceptors. J Comp Physiol Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2005;191(4):381\u201392.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s00359-004-0595-3\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s00359-004-0595-3\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00359-004-0595-3\" aria-label=\"Article reference 54\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s00359-004-0595-3\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 54\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Modelling%20oil%20droplet%20absorption%20spectra%20and%20spectral%20sensitivities%20of%20bird%20cone%20photoreceptors&amp;journal=J%20Comp%20Physiol%20Neuroethol%20Sens%20Neural%20Behav%20Physiol&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs00359-004-0595-3&amp;volume=191&amp;issue=4&amp;pages=381-92&amp;publication_year=2005&amp;author=Hart%2CNS&amp;author=Vorobyev%2CM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR55\">Stoddard MC, Prum RO. How colorful are birds? Evolution of the avian plumage color gamut. Behav Ecol. 2011;22(5):1042\u201352.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/beheco\/arr088\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/beheco\/arr088\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fbeheco%2Farr088\" aria-label=\"Article reference 55\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/beheco\/arr088\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 55\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=How%20colorful%20are%20birds%3F%20Evolution%20of%20the%20avian%20plumage%20color%20gamut&amp;journal=Behav%20Ecol&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fbeheco%2Farr088&amp;volume=22&amp;issue=5&amp;pages=1042-52&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Stoddard%2CMC&amp;author=Prum%2CRO\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR56\">Delhey K. The colour of an avifauna: A quantitative analysis of the colour of Australian birds. Sci Rep. 2015;5:18514.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/srep18514\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/srep18514\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fsrep18514\" aria-label=\"Article reference 56\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/srep18514\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXitVKrsLbO\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=26679370\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4683462\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 56\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 56\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20colour%20of%20an%20avifauna%3A%20A%20quantitative%20analysis%20of%20the%20colour%20of%20Australian%20birds&amp;journal=Sci%20Rep&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fsrep18514&amp;volume=5&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Delhey%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR57\">Dunning JB Jr. CRC handbook of avian body masses. 2nd ed. CRC; 2008.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR58\">Mikula P, et al. A global analysis of song frequency in passerines provides no support for the acoustic adaptation hypothesis but suggests a role for sexual selection. Ecol Lett. 2021;24(3):477\u201386.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/ele.13662\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/ele.13662\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fele.13662\" aria-label=\"Article reference 58\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/ele.13662\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=33314573\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 58\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 58\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20global%20analysis%20of%20song%20frequency%20in%20passerines%20provides%20no%20support%20for%20the%20acoustic%20adaptation%20hypothesis%20but%20suggests%20a%20role%20for%20sexual%20selection&amp;journal=Ecol%20Lett&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fele.13662&amp;volume=24&amp;issue=3&amp;pages=477-86&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Mikula%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR59\">Running SW, et al. A continuous satellite-derived measure of global terrestrial primary production. Bioscience. 2004;54:547\u201360.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1641\/0006-3568(2004)054[0547:ACSMOG]2.0.CO;2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1641\/0006-3568(2004)054[0547:ACSMOG]2.0.CO;2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1641%2F0006-3568%282004%29054%5B0547%3AACSMOG%5D2.0.CO%3B2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 59\" data-doi=\"10.1641\/0006-3568(2004)054[0547:ACSMOG]2.0.CO;2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 59\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20continuous%20satellite-derived%20measure%20of%20global%20terrestrial%20primary%20production&amp;journal=Bioscience&amp;doi=10.1641%2F0006-3568%282004%29054%5B0547%3AACSMOG%5D2.0.CO%3B2&amp;volume=54&amp;pages=547-60&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Running%2CSW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR60\">Orne D, et al. The Caper package: comparative analysis of phyloge-netics and evolution in R. 2013.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR61\">Jetz W, et al. The global diversity of birds in space and time. Nature. 2012;491(7424):444\u20138.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/nature11631\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/nature11631\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fnature11631\" aria-label=\"Article reference 61\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/nature11631\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1ajtrjJ\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=23123857\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 61\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 61\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20global%20diversity%20of%20birds%20in%20space%20and%20time&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fnature11631&amp;volume=491&amp;issue=7424&amp;pages=444-8&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Jetz%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR62\">L\u00fcdecke D, et al. performance: assessment of regression models performance. 2021: <a href=\"https:\/\/easystats.github.io\/performance\/\" data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"external reference\" data-track-value=\"external reference\" data-track-label=\"https:\/\/easystats.github.io\/performance\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/easystats.github.io\/performance\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR63\">B\u00fcrkner PC. Brms: an R package for bayesian multilevel models using Stan. J Stat Softw. 2017;80(1):1\u201328.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01\" data-track-item_id=\"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637%2Fjss.v080.i01\" aria-label=\"Article reference 63\" data-doi=\"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 63\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Brms%3A%20an%20R%20package%20for%20bayesian%20multilevel%20models%20using%20Stan&amp;journal=J%20Stat%20Softw&amp;doi=10.18637%2Fjss.v080.i01&amp;volume=80&amp;issue=1&amp;pages=1-28&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=B%C3%BCrkner%2CPC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR64\">Paradis E, Schliep K. Ape 5.0: an environment for modern phylogenetics and evolutionary analyses in R. Bioinformatics. 2019;35(3):526\u20138.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty633\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty633\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fbioinformatics%2Fbty633\" aria-label=\"Article reference 64\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty633\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXitVWgs7%2FL\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 64\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=30016406\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 64\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 64\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ape%205.0%3A%20an%20environment%20for%20modern%20phylogenetics%20and%20evolutionary%20analyses%20in%20R&amp;journal=Bioinformatics&amp;doi=10.1093%2Fbioinformatics%2Fbty633&amp;volume=35&amp;issue=3&amp;pages=526-8&amp;publication_year=2019&amp;author=Paradis%2CE&amp;author=Schliep%2CK\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR65\">Tella JL, et al. Ecological, morphological and phylogenetic correlates of interspecific variation in plasma carotenoid concentration in birds. J Evol Biol. 2004;17(1):156\u201364.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2003.00634.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2003.00634.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046%2Fj.1420-9101.2003.00634.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 65\" data-doi=\"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2003.00634.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhslGns7s%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 65\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=15000658\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 65\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 65\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ecological%2C%20morphological%20and%20phylogenetic%20correlates%20of%20interspecific%20variation%20in%20plasma%20carotenoid%20concentration%20in%20birds&amp;journal=J%20Evol%20Biol&amp;doi=10.1046%2Fj.1420-9101.2003.00634.x&amp;volume=17&amp;issue=1&amp;pages=156-64&amp;publication_year=2004&amp;author=Tella%2CJL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR66\">Andersson MB. Sexual selection. Princeton, N.J Baltimore, Md: Princeton University Press; 1994.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1515\/9780691207278\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1515\/9780691207278\" data-track-value=\"book reference\" data-track-action=\"book reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515%2F9780691207278\" aria-label=\"Book reference 66\" data-doi=\"10.1515\/9780691207278\" target=\"_blank\">Book<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 66\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Sexual%20selection&amp;doi=10.1515%2F9780691207278&amp;publication_year=1994&amp;author=Andersson%2CMB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR67\">Maynard-Smith J, Harper D. Animal signals. Volume 166. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2003.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1093\/oso\/9780198526841.001.0001\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1093\/oso\/9780198526841.001.0001\" data-track-value=\"book reference\" data-track-action=\"book reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198526841.001.0001\" aria-label=\"Book reference 67\" data-doi=\"10.1093\/oso\/9780198526841.001.0001\" target=\"_blank\">Book<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 67\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Animal%20signals&amp;doi=10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198526841.001.0001&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;author=Maynard-Smith%2CJ&amp;author=Harper%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR68\">Cardoso GC, Mota PG. Chapter seven &#8211; Evolution of song and colour across the Canary relatives. The canary: natural history, science and cultural significance. London, UK: Academic; 2024. pp. 163\u201397. L.R. Cardoso GC, Mota PG, Editor.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/B978-0-443-15350-1.00007-1\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/B978-0-443-15350-1.00007-1\" data-track-value=\"chapter reference\" data-track-action=\"chapter reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2FB978-0-443-15350-1.00007-1\" aria-label=\"Chapter reference 68\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/B978-0-443-15350-1.00007-1\" target=\"_blank\">Chapter<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 68\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Chapter%20seven%20-%20Evolution%20of%20song%20and%20colour%20across%20the%20Canary%20relatives&amp;doi=10.1016%2FB978-0-443-15350-1.00007-1&amp;pages=163-97&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Cardoso%2CGC&amp;author=Mota%2CPG&amp;author=Cardoso%2CLR&amp;author=Mota%2CGC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR69\">Badyaev AV, Hill GE. Avian sexual dichromatism in relation to phylogeny and ecology. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst. 2003;34:27\u201349.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132441\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132441\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146%2Fannurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132441\" aria-label=\"Article reference 69\" data-doi=\"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132441\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 69\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Avian%20sexual%20dichromatism%20in%20relation%20to%20phylogeny%20and%20ecology&amp;journal=Annu%20Rev%20Ecol%20Evol%20Syst&amp;doi=10.1146%2Fannurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132441&amp;volume=34&amp;pages=27-49&amp;publication_year=2003&amp;author=Badyaev%2CAV&amp;author=Hill%2CGE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR70\">Lande R. Genetic correlations between the sexes in the evolution of sexual dimorphism and mating preferences. In: Bradbury JW, Andersson M, editors. Sexual selection: testing the alternatives. New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons; 1987. p. 83\u201394.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR71\">Gazda MA, et al. A genetic mechanism for sexual dichromatism in birds. Science. 2020;368(6496):1270\u2013.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.aba0803\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.aba0803\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.aba0803\" aria-label=\"Article reference 71\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.aba0803\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFGitb3I\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 71\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=32527835\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 71\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 71\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=A%20genetic%20mechanism%20for%20sexual%20dichromatism%20in%20birds&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.aba0803&amp;volume=368&amp;issue=6496&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Gazda%2CMA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR72\">Norden KK, Price TD. Historical contingency and developmental constraints in avian coloration. Trends Ecol Evol. 2018;33(8):574\u20136.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.tree.2018.05.003\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.tree.2018.05.003\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.tree.2018.05.003\" aria-label=\"Article reference 72\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.tree.2018.05.003\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=29807840\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 72\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 72\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Historical%20contingency%20and%20developmental%20constraints%20in%20avian%20coloration&amp;journal=Trends%20Ecol%20Evol&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.tree.2018.05.003&amp;volume=33&amp;issue=8&amp;pages=574-6&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Norden%2CKK&amp;author=Price%2CTD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR73\">Clutton-Brock T. Sexual selection in males and females. Science. 2007;318(5858):1882\u20135.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1126\/science.1133311\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1126\/science.1133311\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126%2Fscience.1133311\" aria-label=\"Article reference 73\" data-doi=\"10.1126\/science.1133311\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVGjsLfM\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 73\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=18096798\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 73\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 73\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Sexual%20selection%20in%20males%20and%20females&amp;journal=Science&amp;doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1133311&amp;volume=318&amp;issue=5858&amp;pages=1882-5&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Clutton-Brock%2CT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR74\">Tobias JA, Montgomerie R, Lyon BE. The evolution of female ornaments and weaponry: social selection, sexual selection and ecological competition. Philosophical Trans Royal Soc B-Biological Sci. 2012;367(1600):2274\u201393.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0280\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0280\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frstb.2011.0280\" aria-label=\"Article reference 74\" data-doi=\"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0280\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 74\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=The%20evolution%20of%20female%20ornaments%20and%20weaponry%3A%20social%20selection%2C%20sexual%20selection%20and%20ecological%20competition&amp;journal=Philosophical%20Trans%20Royal%20Soc%20B-Biological%20Sci&amp;doi=10.1098%2Frstb.2011.0280&amp;volume=367&amp;issue=1600&amp;pages=2274-93&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Tobias%2CJA&amp;author=Montgomerie%2CR&amp;author=Lyon%2CBE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR75\">Doutrelant C, Fargevieille A, Gr\u00e9goire A. Chapter Four &#8211; Evolution of female coloration: what have we learned from birds in general and blue Tits in particular. Adv Study Behavior52. 2020;52:123\u2013202.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/bs.asb.2020.03.001\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/bs.asb.2020.03.001\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fbs.asb.2020.03.001\" aria-label=\"Article reference 75\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/bs.asb.2020.03.001\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 75\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Chapter%20Four%20-%20Evolution%20of%20female%20coloration%3A%20what%20have%20we%20learned%20from%20birds%20in%20general%20and%20blue%20Tits%20in%20particular&amp;journal=Adv%20Study%20Behavior52&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fbs.asb.2020.03.001&amp;volume=52&amp;pages=123-202&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Doutrelant%2CC&amp;author=Fargevieille%2CA&amp;author=Gr%C3%A9goire%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR76\">Trigo S, et al. Female ornamentation in European Serins is related to age but not to male mate choice and social competition. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 2024;78(116).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR77\">Doutrelant C, et al. Female plumage coloration is sensitive to the cost of reproduction. An experiment in blue Tits. J Anim Ecol. 2011;81(1):87\u201396.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2011.01889.x\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2011.01889.x\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2656.2011.01889.x\" aria-label=\"Article reference 77\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2011.01889.x\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=21819397\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 77\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 77\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Female%20plumage%20coloration%20is%20sensitive%20to%20the%20cost%20of%20reproduction.%20An%20experiment%20in%20blue%20Tits&amp;journal=J%20Anim%20Ecol&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fj.1365-2656.2011.01889.x&amp;volume=81&amp;issue=1&amp;pages=87-96&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Doutrelant%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR78\">Farine D, Sheldon B. Selection for territory acquisition is modulated by social network structure in a wild Songbird. J Evol Biol. 2015;28(3):547\u201356.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/jeb.12587\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/jeb.12587\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fjeb.12587\" aria-label=\"Article reference 78\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/jeb.12587\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BC2Mvot1ahsA%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 78\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=25611344\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 78\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4406129\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 78\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 78\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Selection%20for%20territory%20acquisition%20is%20modulated%20by%20social%20network%20structure%20in%20a%20wild%20Songbird&amp;journal=J%20Evol%20Biol&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fjeb.12587&amp;volume=28&amp;issue=3&amp;pages=547-56&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Farine%2CD&amp;author=Sheldon%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR79\">Nolazco S, et al. Ornaments are equally informative in male and female birds. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):5917.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-022-33548-7\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-022-33548-7\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-022-33548-7\" aria-label=\"Article reference 79\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-022-33548-7\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XisF2mu73L\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 79\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=36207296\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 79\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9546859\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 79\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 79\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ornaments%20are%20equally%20informative%20in%20male%20and%20female%20birds&amp;journal=Nat%20Commun&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-022-33548-7&amp;volume=13&amp;issue=1&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Nolazco%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR80\">Clutton-Brock T, Huchard E. Social competition and selection in males and females. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2013;368(1631).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR81\">Gonzalez-Voyer A, et al. Evolution of acoustic and visual signals in Asian barbets. J Evol Biol. 2013;26(3):647\u201359.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/jeb.12084\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/jeb.12084\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fjeb.12084\" aria-label=\"Article reference 81\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/jeb.12084\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:STN:280:DC%2BC3s3otl2mtw%3D%3D\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 81\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=23305413\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 81\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 81\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Evolution%20of%20acoustic%20and%20visual%20signals%20in%20Asian%20barbets&amp;journal=J%20Evol%20Biol&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fjeb.12084&amp;volume=26&amp;issue=3&amp;pages=647-59&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Gonzalez-Voyer%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR82\">Eliason CM, et al. Complex plumages spur rapid color diversification in kingfishers (Aves: Alcedinidae). Elife. 2023;12.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR83\">Seddon N, et al. Sexual selection accelerates signal evolution during speciation in birds. Proc Biol Sci. 2013;280(1766):20131065.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=23864596\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 83\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed central reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed central reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3730587\" aria-label=\"PubMed Central reference 83\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 83\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Sexual%20selection%20accelerates%20signal%20evolution%20during%20speciation%20in%20birds&amp;journal=Proc%20Biol%20Sci&amp;volume=280&amp;issue=1766&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Seddon%2CN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR84\">Perez-Rodriguez L. Carotenoids in evolutionary ecology: re-evaluating the antioxidant role. BioEssays. 2009;31(10):1116\u201326.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/bies.200900070\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/bies.200900070\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fbies.200900070\" aria-label=\"Article reference 84\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/bies.200900070\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"cas reference\" data-track-action=\"cas reference\" href=\"https:\/\/bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/cas-redirect\/1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtlynsL%2FN\" aria-label=\"CAS reference 84\" target=\"_blank\">CAS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=19705366\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 84\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 84\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Carotenoids%20in%20evolutionary%20ecology%3A%20re-evaluating%20the%20antioxidant%20role&amp;journal=BioEssays&amp;doi=10.1002%2Fbies.200900070&amp;volume=31&amp;issue=10&amp;pages=1116-26&amp;publication_year=2009&amp;author=Perez-Rodriguez%2CL\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR85\">Svensson PA, Wong BBM. Carotenoid-based signals in behavioural ecology: a review. Behaviour. 2011;148(2):131\u201389.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1163\/000579510X548673\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1163\/000579510X548673\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163%2F000579510X548673\" aria-label=\"Article reference 85\" data-doi=\"10.1163\/000579510X548673\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 85\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Carotenoid-based%20signals%20in%20behavioural%20ecology%3A%20a%20review&amp;journal=Behaviour&amp;doi=10.1163%2F000579510X548673&amp;volume=148&amp;issue=2&amp;pages=131-89&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Svensson%2CPA&amp;author=Wong%2CBBM\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR86\">Trigo S, Mota PG. What is the value of a yellow patch? Assessing the signalling role of yellow colouration in the European Serin. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 2015;69(3):481\u201390.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1007\/s00265-014-1860-2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1007\/s00265-014-1860-2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1007\/s00265-014-1860-2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 86\" data-doi=\"10.1007\/s00265-014-1860-2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 86\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=What%20is%20the%20value%20of%20a%20yellow%20patch%3F%20Assessing%20the%20signalling%20role%20of%20yellow%20colouration%20in%20the%20European%20Serin&amp;journal=Behav%20Ecol%20Sociobiol&amp;doi=10.1007%2Fs00265-014-1860-2&amp;volume=69&amp;issue=3&amp;pages=481-90&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Trigo%2CS&amp;author=Mota%2CPG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR87\">Espinosa CE, et al. Crown saturation and intrasexual dominance: evidence of a negatively correlated handicap in male saffron finches. Avian Res. 2025;16(2).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR88\">Koch RE, Josefson CC, Hill GE. Mitochondrial function, ornamentation, and immunocompetence. Biol Rev. 2017;92(3):1459\u201374.<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1111\/brv.12291\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1111\/brv.12291\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fbrv.12291\" aria-label=\"Article reference 88\" data-doi=\"10.1111\/brv.12291\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"pubmed reference\" data-track-action=\"pubmed reference\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/entrez\/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=27455896\" aria-label=\"PubMed reference 88\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 88\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Mitochondrial%20function%2C%20ornamentation%2C%20and%20immunocompetence&amp;journal=Biol%20Rev&amp;doi=10.1111%2Fbrv.12291&amp;volume=92&amp;issue=3&amp;pages=1459-74&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Koch%2CRE&amp;author=Josefson%2CCC&amp;author=Hill%2CGE\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Darwin C. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John Murray; 1871. Dale J,&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":117879,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[52304,114,75519,75518,75517,34661,18698,3181,52305,85,46,3183,75520],"class_list":{"0":"post-117878","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-business","8":"tag-animal-systematics-taxonomy-biogeography","9":"tag-business","10":"tag-carotenoids","11":"tag-dichromatism","12":"tag-diversification","13":"tag-entomology","14":"tag-evolutionary-biology","15":"tag-general","16":"tag-genetics-and-population-dynamics","17":"tag-il","18":"tag-israel","19":"tag-life-sciences","20":"tag-ornamentation"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=117878"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117878\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/117879"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=117878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=117878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=117878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}