Chesney E, Goodwin GM, Fazel S. Risks of all-cause and suicide mortality in mental disorders: a meta-review. World Psychiatry. 2014;13(2):153\u201360.<\/p>\n
Lu L, Dong M, Zhang L, Zhu XM, Ungvari GS, Ng CH, et al. Prevalence of suicide attempts in individuals with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Epidemiol Psychiatric Sci. 2019;29:e39.<\/p>\n Ko YS, Tsai H-C, Chi MH, Su C-C, Lee IH, Chen PS, et al. Higher mortality and years of potential life lost of suicide in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2018;270:531\u20137.<\/p>\n Ran MS, Mao WJ, Chan CL, Chen EY, Conwell Y. Gender differences in outcomes in people with schizophrenia in rural china: 14-year follow-up study. Br J Psychiatry. 2015;206(4):283\u20138.<\/p>\n Cervenka I, Agudelo LZ, Ruas JL, Kynurenines. Tryptophan\u2019s metabolites in exercise, inflammation, and mental health. Science. 2017;357(6349):eaaf9794.<\/p>\n Messaoud A, Mensi R, Douki W, Neffati F, Najjar MF, Gobbi G, et al. Reduced peripheral availability of Tryptophan and increased activation of the kynurenine pathway and cortisol correlate with major depression and suicide. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2019;20(9):703\u201311.<\/p>\n Savitz J. The kynurenine pathway: a finger in every pie. Mol Psychiatry. 2020;25(1):131\u201347.<\/p>\n Xue C, Li G, Zheng Q, Gu X, Shi Q, Su Y, et al. Tryptophan metabolism in health and disease. Cell Metab. 2023;35(8):1304\u201326.<\/p>\n Schwarcz R, Bruno JP, Muchowski PJ, Wu HQ. Kynurenines in the mammalian brain: when physiology Meets pathology. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012;13(7):465\u201377.<\/p>\n Schwarcz R, Stone TW. The kynurenine pathway and the brain: Challenges, controversies and promises. Neuropharmacology. 2017;112(Pt B):237\u201347.<\/p>\n Liu BP, Zhang J, Chu J, Qiu HM, Jia CX, Hennessy DA. Negative life events as triggers on suicide attempt in rural china: a case-crossover study. Psychiatry Res. 2019;276:100\u20136.<\/p>\n Bryleva EY, Brundin L. Kynurenine pathway metabolites and suicidality. Neuropharmacology. 2017;112(Pt B):324\u201330.<\/p>\n Fukui S, Schwarcz R, Rapoport SI, Takada Y, Smith QR. Blood-brain barrier transport of kynurenines: implications for brain synthesis and metabolism. J Neurochem. 1991;56(6):2007\u201317.<\/p>\n Sellgren CM, Gracias J, Jungholm O, Perlis RH, Engberg G, Schwieler L, et al. Peripheral and central levels of kynurenic acid in bipolar disorder subjects and healthy controls. Transl Psychiatry. 2019;9(1):37.<\/p>\n Erhardt S, Schwieler L, Imbeault S, Engberg G. The kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Neuropharmacology. 2017;112(Pt B):297\u2013306.<\/p>\n Carlborg A, Jokinen J, J\u00f6nsson EG, Erhardt S, Nordstr\u00f6m P. CSF kynurenic acid and suicide risk in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. Psychiatry Res. 2013;205(1\u20132):165\u20137.<\/p>\n Bay-Richter C, Linderholm KR, Lim CK, Samuelsson M, Tr\u00e4skman-Bendz L, Guillemin GJ, et al. A role for inflammatory metabolites as modulators of the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in depression and suicidality. Brain Behav Immun. 2015;43:110\u20137.<\/p>\n Tavares RG, Tasca CI, Santos CES, Alves LB, Porci\u00fancula LO, Emanuelli T, et al. Quinolinic acid stimulates synaptosomal glutamate release and inhibits glutamate uptake into astrocytes. Neurochem Int. 2002;40(7):621\u20137.<\/p>\n Canuso CM, Singh JB, Fedgchin M, Alphs L, Lane R, Lim P, et al. Efficacy and safety of intranasal Esketamine for the rapid reduction of symptoms of depression and suicidality in patients at imminent risk for suicide: results of a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 2018;175(7):620\u201330.<\/p>\n Erhardt S, Lim CK, Linderholm KR, Janelidze S, Lindqvist D, Samuelsson M, et al. Connecting inflammation with glutamate agonism in suicidality. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013;38(5):743\u201352.<\/p>\n Chiappelli J, Rowland LM, Notarangelo FM, Wijtenburg SA, Thomas MAR, Pocivavsek A, et al. Salivary kynurenic acid response to psychological stress: inverse relationship to cortical glutamate in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018;43(8):1706\u201311.<\/p>\n Chiappelli J, Pocivavsek A, Nugent KL, Notarangelo FM, Kochunov P, Rowland LM, et al. Stress-Induced increase in kynurenic acid as a potential biomarker for patients with schizophrenia and distress intolerance. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71(7):761\u20138.<\/p>\n Huang J, Tong J, Zhang P, Zhou Y, Li Y, Tan S, et al. Elevated salivary kynurenic acid levels related to enlarged choroid plexus and severity of clinical phenotypes in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Brain Behav Immun. 2022;106:32\u20139.<\/p>\n American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.<\/p>\n Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13(2):261\u201376.<\/p>\n He Y, Zhang M. Yang Xing Yin Xing Zheng Zhuang de Zhong Guo Chang mo he Yin Zi Fen Xi [The Chinese norm and factor analysis of PANSS]. Chin J Clin Psychol. 2000;8(2):65\u20139.<\/p>\n Savitz J, Drevets WC, Smith CM, Victor TA, Wurfel BE, Bellgowan PSF, et al. Putative neuroprotective and neurotoxic kynurenine pathway metabolites are associated with hippocampal and amygdalar volumes in subjects with major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015;40(2):463\u201371.<\/p>\n R Core Team. R: A Language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2025.<\/p>\n World Medical Association. WMA Declaration of Helsinki \u2013 ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects 2013 [Available from: https:\/\/www.wma.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/DoH-Oct2013.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n Vasupanrajit A, Jirakran K, Tunvirachaisakul C, Solmi M, Maes M. Inflammation and nitro-oxidative stress in current suicidal attempts and current suicidal ideation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27(3):1350\u201361.<\/p>\n Yan W, Jiang C, Su W. Life in the flame: inflammation sounds the alarm for suicide risk. Brain Behav Immun – Health. 2021;14:100250.<\/p>\n Ganan\u00e7a L, Galfalvy HC, Cisneros-Trujillo S, Basseda Z, Cooper TB, Ren X, et al. Relationships between inflammatory markers and suicide risk status in major depression. J Psychiatr Res. 2021;134:192\u20139.<\/p>\n Yin Y, Tong J, Huang J, Tian B, Chen S, Tan S, et al. Suicidality, perceived chronic stress, and stress-induced cortisol changes of individuals with schizophrenia. Stress Health. 2024;40(6):e3482.<\/p>\n Vila-Badia R, Kaplan M, Butjosa A, Del Cacho N, Serra-Arum\u00ed C, Colomer-Salvans A, et al. Suicidal behaviour in first-episode psychosis: the relevance of age, perceived stress and depressive symptoms. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2022;29(4):1364\u201373.<\/p>\n Keilp JG, Stanley BH, Beers SR, Melhem NM, Burke AK, Cooper TB, et al. Further evidence of low baseline cortisol levels in suicide attempters. J Affect Disord. 2016;190:187\u201392.<\/p>\n Melhem NM, Zhong Y, Miller JM, Zanderigo F, Ogden RT, Sublette ME, et al. Brain 5-HT1A receptor PET Binding, cortisol responses to Stress, and the Familial transmission of suicidal behavior. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2022;25(1):36\u201345.<\/p>\n Mann JJ, Rizk MM. A Brain-Centric model of suicidal behavior. Am J Psychiatry. 2020;177(10):902\u201316.<\/p>\n Sublette ME, Galfalvy HC, Fuchs D, Lapidus M, Grunebaum MF, Oquendo MA, et al. Plasma kynurenine levels are elevated in suicide attempters with major depressive disorder. Brain Behav Immun. 2011;25(6):1272\u20138.<\/p>\n Pompili M, Lionetto L, Curto M, Forte A, Erbuto D, Montebovi F, et al. Tryptophan and kynurenine metabolites: are they related to depression? Neuropsychobiology. 2019;77(1):23\u20138.<\/p>\n Marx W, McGuinness AJ, Rocks T, Ruusunen A, Cleminson J, Walker AJ, et al. The kynurenine pathway in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of 101 studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26(8):4158\u201378.<\/p>\n Cao B, Chen Y, Ren Z, Pan Z, McIntyre RS, Wang D. Dysregulation of kynurenine pathway and potential dynamic changes of kynurenine in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021;123:203\u201314.<\/p>\n Zhang P, Huang J, Gou M, Zhou Y, Tong J, Fan F, et al. Kynurenine metabolism and metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res. 2021;139:54\u201361.<\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n
\n Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n <\/p>\n