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A false colour image of the quantum router circuit<\/p>\n
MIT SQUILL foundry<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Quantum computers may be able to run useful algorithms<\/a> more quickly, thanks to a new quantum router that helps data get to the right place faster.<\/p>\n Traditional computers avoid becoming slow when faced with a complicated program in part by using random access memory<\/a> (RAM) to temporarily store some information. The component key to building RAM\u2019S quantum counterpart, QRAM, is a router. This isn\u2019t the router that directs your internet queries to the right IP address, but rather an internal router that directs informational traffic inside a computer.<\/p>\n Connie Miao<\/a> at Stanford University in California and her colleagues have now built such a device. \u201cThe project was motivated by algorithms that use QRAM. There were a lot of papers basically coming out saying: \u2018If we had a QRAM, we could do XYZ,\u2019 but this hadn\u2019t been shown [experimentally],\u201d she says.<\/p>\n The new router consists of qubits, the basic building blocks of all quantum computers and quantum memories, made from tiny superconducting circuits and controlled by electromagnetic pulses. Similar to a traditional router, this quantum one sent quantum information<\/a> to quantum addresses. What distinguishes the device as being fully quantum is that it allows the address to be encoded not just in one place but in a superposition of two<\/a>. The team tested this with three qubits and found the routing to have about 95 per cent fidelity.<\/p>\n This means that if it were incorporated into a QRAM, the device could push information into a quantum state where it is impossible to say which of the two locations it is stored in \u2013 exactly the kind of phenomenon believed to make quantum computers powerful.<\/p>\n Luming Duan<\/a> at Tsinghua University in China, whose team previously built a quantum router that only worked during some runs, says the new device is an important step towards building practical QRAMs, which may enable running quantum machine learning algorithms.<\/p>\n Team member David Schuster<\/a> at Stanford University says there are still many open questions about where exactly quantum routing could make a practical difference, but the options are broad, from well-known algorithms for searching databases<\/a> to creating quantum IP addresses for future iterations of the internet<\/a>.<\/p>\n Nonetheless, the current version of the router is still not reliable enough for some of those uses, so it needs to be made to have fewer errors and to contain a larger number of qubits<\/a> going forward, says S\u00e9bastien L\u00e9ger<\/a> at Stanford University, who worked on the project.<\/p>\n