{"id":371221,"date":"2026-04-02T13:16:16","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T13:16:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/371221\/"},"modified":"2026-04-02T13:16:16","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T13:16:16","slug":"full-space-time-ultrafast-self-focusing-of-spherical-airy-wavepackets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/371221\/","title":{"rendered":"Full space-time ultrafast self-focusing of spherical Airy wavepackets"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR1\">Olarte, O. E., Andilla, J., Gualda, E. J. &amp; Loza-Alvarez, P. Light-sheet microscopy: a tutorial. Adv. Opt. Photonics 10, 111\u2013179 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/AOP.10.000111\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/AOP.10.000111\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FAOP.10.000111\" aria-label=\"Article reference 1\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/AOP.10.000111\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018AdOP...10..111O\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 1\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 1\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Light-sheet%20microscopy%3A%20a%20tutorial&amp;journal=Adv.%20Opt.%20Photonics&amp;doi=10.1364%2FAOP.10.000111&amp;volume=10&amp;pages=111-179&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Olarte%2COE&amp;author=Andilla%2CJ&amp;author=Gualda%2CEJ&amp;author=Loza-Alvarez%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR2\">Nwaneshiudu, A. et al. Introduction to confocal microscopy. J. Invest. Dermatol. 132, 1\u20135 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/jid.2012.429\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/jid.2012.429\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fjid.2012.429\" aria-label=\"Article reference 2\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/jid.2012.429\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 2\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Introduction%20to%20confocal%20microscopy&amp;journal=J.%20Invest.%20Dermatol.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fjid.2012.429&amp;volume=132&amp;pages=1-5&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Nwaneshiudu%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR3\">Harilal, S. S., Freeman, J. R., Diwakar, P. K. &amp; Hassanein, A. Femtosecond laser ablation: fundamentals and applications. Springer Ser. Opt. Sci. 182, 143\u2013166 (2014).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 3\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Femtosecond%20laser%20ablation%3A%20fundamentals%20and%20applications&amp;journal=Springer%20Ser.%20Opt.%20Sci.&amp;volume=182&amp;pages=143-166&amp;publication_year=2014&amp;author=Harilal%2CSS&amp;author=Freeman%2CJR&amp;author=Diwakar%2CPK&amp;author=Hassanein%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR4\">Cerami, L., Mazur, E., Nolte, S. &amp; Schaffer, C. B. Femtosecond laser micromachining. Ultrafast Nonlinear Optics 287, 321 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 4\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Femtosecond%20laser%20micromachining&amp;journal=Ultrafast%20Nonlinear%20Optics&amp;volume=287&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Cerami%2CL&amp;author=Mazur%2CE&amp;author=Nolte%2CS&amp;author=Schaffer%2CCB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR5\">Chen, Y. &amp; Liu, J. T. Characterizing the beam steering and distortion of Gaussian and Bessel beams focused in tissues with microscopic heterogeneities. Biomed. Opt. Express 6, 1318\u20131330 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/BOE.6.001318\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/BOE.6.001318\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FBOE.6.001318\" aria-label=\"Article reference 5\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/BOE.6.001318\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 5\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Characterizing%20the%20beam%20steering%20and%20distortion%20of%20Gaussian%20and%20Bessel%20beams%20focused%20in%20tissues%20with%20microscopic%20heterogeneities&amp;journal=Biomed.%20Opt.%20Express&amp;doi=10.1364%2FBOE.6.001318&amp;volume=6&amp;pages=1318-1330&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Chen%2CY&amp;author=Liu%2CJT\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR6\">Duocastella, M. &amp; Arnold, C. B. Bessel and annular beams for materials processing. Laser Photon. Rev. 6, 607\u2013621 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/lpor.201100031\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/lpor.201100031\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Flpor.201100031\" aria-label=\"Article reference 6\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/lpor.201100031\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2012LPRv....6..607D\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 6\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 6\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Bessel%20and%20annular%20beams%20for%20materials%20processing&amp;journal=Laser%20Photon.%20Rev.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Flpor.201100031&amp;volume=6&amp;pages=607-621&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Duocastella%2CM&amp;author=Arnold%2CCB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR7\">Ring, J. D. et al. Auto-focusing and self-healing of Pearcey beams. Opt. Express 20, 18955\u201318966 (2012).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/OE.20.018955\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/OE.20.018955\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FOE.20.018955\" aria-label=\"Article reference 7\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/OE.20.018955\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2012OExpr..2018955R\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 7\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 7\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Auto-focusing%20and%20self-healing%20of%20Pearcey%20beams&amp;journal=Opt.%20Express&amp;doi=10.1364%2FOE.20.018955&amp;volume=20&amp;pages=18955-18966&amp;publication_year=2012&amp;author=Ring%2CJD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR8\">Efremidis, N. K. &amp; Christodoulides, D. N. Abruptly autofocusing waves. Opt. Lett. 35, 4045\u20134047 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/OL.35.004045\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/OL.35.004045\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FOL.35.004045\" aria-label=\"Article reference 8\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/OL.35.004045\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2010OptL...35.4045E\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 8\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 8\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Abruptly%20autofocusing%20waves&amp;journal=Opt.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1364%2FOL.35.004045&amp;volume=35&amp;pages=4045-4047&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Efremidis%2CNK&amp;author=Christodoulides%2CDN\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR9\">Balazs, N. L. &amp; Berry, M. V. Nonspreading wave packets. Am. J. Phys. 47, 264\u2013267 (1979).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1119\/1.11855\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1119\/1.11855\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1119%2F1.11855\" aria-label=\"Article reference 9\" data-doi=\"10.1119\/1.11855\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1979AmJPh..47..264B\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 9\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 9\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Nonspreading%20wave%20packets&amp;journal=Am.%20J.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.1119%2F1.11855&amp;volume=47&amp;pages=264-267&amp;publication_year=1979&amp;author=Balazs%2CNL&amp;author=Berry%2CMV\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR10\">Siviloglou, G. A. et al. Observation of accelerating Airy beams. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 213901 (2007).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.213901\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.213901\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.99.213901\" aria-label=\"Article reference 10\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.213901\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2007PhRvL..99u3901S\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 10\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 10\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observation%20of%20accelerating%20Airy%20beams&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.99.213901&amp;volume=99&amp;publication_year=2007&amp;author=Siviloglou%2CGA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR11\">Abdollahpour, D. et al. Spatiotemporal Airy light bullets in the linear and nonlinear regimes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 253901 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.253901\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.253901\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.105.253901\" aria-label=\"Article reference 11\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.253901\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2010PhRvL.105y3901A\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 11\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 11\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Spatiotemporal%20Airy%20light%20bullets%20in%20the%20linear%20and%20nonlinear%20regimes&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.105.253901&amp;volume=105&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Abdollahpour%2CD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR12\">Papazoglou, D. G. et al. Observation of abruptly autofocusing waves. Opt. Lett. 36, 1842\u20131844 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/OL.36.001842\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/OL.36.001842\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FOL.36.001842\" aria-label=\"Article reference 12\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/OL.36.001842\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2011OptL...36.1842P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 12\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 12\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observation%20of%20abruptly%20autofocusing%20waves&amp;journal=Opt.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1364%2FOL.36.001842&amp;volume=36&amp;pages=1842-1844&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Papazoglou%2CDG\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR13\">Panagiotopoulos, P. et al. Nonlinear plasma-assisted collapse of ring-Airy wave packets. Phys. Rev. A 93, 033808 (2016).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevA.93.033808\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevA.93.033808\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevA.93.033808\" aria-label=\"Article reference 13\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevA.93.033808\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2016PhRvA..93c3808P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 13\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 13\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Nonlinear%20plasma-assisted%20collapse%20of%20ring-Airy%20wave%20packets&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20A&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevA.93.033808&amp;volume=93&amp;publication_year=2016&amp;author=Panagiotopoulos%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR14\">Zhang, P. et al. Trapping and guiding microparticles with morphing autofocusing Airy beams. Opt. Lett. 36, 2883\u20132885 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/OL.36.002883\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/OL.36.002883\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FOL.36.002883\" aria-label=\"Article reference 14\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/OL.36.002883\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2011OptL...36.2883Z\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 14\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 14\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Trapping%20and%20guiding%20microparticles%20with%20morphing%20autofocusing%20Airy%20beams&amp;journal=Opt.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1364%2FOL.36.002883&amp;volume=36&amp;pages=2883-2885&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Zhang%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR15\">Panagiotopoulos, P. et al. Sharply autofocused ring-Airy beams transforming into non-linear intense light bullets. Nat. Commun. 4, 2622 (2013).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/ncomms3622\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/ncomms3622\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fncomms3622\" aria-label=\"Article reference 15\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/ncomms3622\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2622P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 15\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 15\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Sharply%20autofocused%20ring-Airy%20beams%20transforming%20into%20non-linear%20intense%20light%20bullets&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fncomms3622&amp;volume=4&amp;publication_year=2013&amp;author=Panagiotopoulos%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR16\">Koulouklidis, A. D. et al. Phase memory preserving harmonics from abruptly autofocusing beams. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 223901 (2017).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.119.223901\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.119.223901\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.119.223901\" aria-label=\"Article reference 16\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.119.223901\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2017PhRvL.119v3901K\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 16\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 16\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Phase%20memory%20preserving%20harmonics%20from%20abruptly%20autofocusing%20beams&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.119.223901&amp;volume=119&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;author=Koulouklidis%2CAD\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR17\">Chong, A. et al. Generation of spatiotemporal optical vortices with controllable transverse orbital angular momentum. Nat. Photon. 14, 350\u2013354 (2020).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41566-020-0587-z\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41566-020-0587-z\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41566-020-0587-z\" aria-label=\"Article reference 17\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41566-020-0587-z\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2020NaPho..14..350C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 17\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 17\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Generation%20of%20spatiotemporal%20optical%20vortices%20with%20controllable%20transverse%20orbital%20angular%20momentum&amp;journal=Nat.%20Photon.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41566-020-0587-z&amp;volume=14&amp;pages=350-354&amp;publication_year=2020&amp;author=Chong%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR18\">Cao, Q. et al. Non-spreading Bessel spatiotemporal optical vortices. Sci. Bull. 67, 133\u2013140 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1016\/j.scib.2021.07.031\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1016\/j.scib.2021.07.031\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.scib.2021.07.031\" aria-label=\"Article reference 18\" data-doi=\"10.1016\/j.scib.2021.07.031\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 18\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Non-spreading%20Bessel%20spatiotemporal%20optical%20vortices&amp;journal=Sci.%20Bull.&amp;doi=10.1016%2Fj.scib.2021.07.031&amp;volume=67&amp;pages=133-140&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Cao%2CQ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR19\">Wan, C. et al. Toroidal vortices of light. Nat. Photon. 16, 519\u2013522 (2022).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41566-022-01013-y\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41566-022-01013-y\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41566-022-01013-y\" aria-label=\"Article reference 19\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41566-022-01013-y\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2022NaPho..16..519W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 19\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 19\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Toroidal%20vortices%20of%20light&amp;journal=Nat.%20Photon.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41566-022-01013-y&amp;volume=16&amp;pages=519-522&amp;publication_year=2022&amp;author=Wan%2CC\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR20\">Cao, Q. et al. Propagation of transverse photonic orbital angular momentum through few-mode fiber. Adv. Photon. 5, 036002 (2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1117\/1.AP.5.3.036002\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1117\/1.AP.5.3.036002\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117%2F1.AP.5.3.036002\" aria-label=\"Article reference 20\" data-doi=\"10.1117\/1.AP.5.3.036002\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2023AdPho...5c6002C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 20\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 20\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Propagation%20of%20transverse%20photonic%20orbital%20angular%20momentum%20through%20few-mode%20fiber&amp;journal=Adv.%20Photon.&amp;doi=10.1117%2F1.AP.5.3.036002&amp;volume=5&amp;publication_year=2023&amp;author=Cao%2CQ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR21\">Liu, X. et al. Spatiotemporal optical vortices with controllable radial and azimuthal quantum numbers. Nat. Commun. 15, 5435 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-024-49819-4\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-024-49819-4\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-024-49819-4\" aria-label=\"Article reference 21\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-024-49819-4\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024NatCo..15.5435L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 21\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 21\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Spatiotemporal%20optical%20vortices%20with%20controllable%20radial%20and%20azimuthal%20quantum%20numbers&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-024-49819-4&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Liu%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR22\">Gao, X. et al. Space\u2013time singularity dynamics for second harmonic spatiotemporal optical vortices. Adv. Photon. Nexus 4, 036003 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1117\/1.APN.4.3.036003\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1117\/1.APN.4.3.036003\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117%2F1.APN.4.3.036003\" aria-label=\"Article reference 22\" data-doi=\"10.1117\/1.APN.4.3.036003\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 22\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Space%E2%80%93time%20singularity%20dynamics%20for%20second%20harmonic%20spatiotemporal%20optical%20vortices&amp;journal=Adv.%20Photon.%20Nexus&amp;doi=10.1117%2F1.APN.4.3.036003&amp;volume=4&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Gao%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR23\">Fan, H. et al. Perfect spatiotemporal optical vortices. Photonics Res. 13, 1776\u20131782 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1364\/PRJ.555236\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1364\/PRJ.555236\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364%2FPRJ.555236\" aria-label=\"Article reference 23\" data-doi=\"10.1364\/PRJ.555236\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 23\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Perfect%20spatiotemporal%20optical%20vortices&amp;journal=Photonics%20Res.&amp;doi=10.1364%2FPRJ.555236&amp;volume=13&amp;pages=1776-1782&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Fan%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR24\">Cao, Q. et al. Spatiotemporal hologram. Nat. Commun. 15, 7821 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-024-52268-8\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-024-52268-8\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-024-52268-8\" aria-label=\"Article reference 24\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-024-52268-8\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024NatCo..15.7821C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 24\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 24\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Spatiotemporal%20hologram&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-024-52268-8&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Cao%2CQ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR25\">Chen, W. et al. Tailoring spatiotemporal wavepackets via two-dimensional space-time duality. Nat. Commun. 16, 2818 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-025-57743-4\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-025-57743-4\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-025-57743-4\" aria-label=\"Article reference 25\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-025-57743-4\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025NatCo..16.2818C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 25\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 25\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tailoring%20spatiotemporal%20wavepackets%20via%20two-dimensional%20space-time%20duality&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-025-57743-4&amp;volume=16&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Chen%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR26\">Wu, B. et al. Single ultrafast pulses shaped to spatiotemporal images. Laser Photon. Rev. 19, 2402238 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1002\/lpor.202402238\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1002\/lpor.202402238\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Flpor.202402238\" aria-label=\"Article reference 26\" data-doi=\"10.1002\/lpor.202402238\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025LPRv...1902238W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 26\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 26\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Single%20ultrafast%20pulses%20shaped%20to%20spatiotemporal%20images&amp;journal=Laser%20Photon.%20Rev.&amp;doi=10.1002%2Flpor.202402238&amp;volume=19&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Wu%2CB\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR27\">Teng, H. et al. Construction of optical spatiotemporal skyrmions. Light Sci. Appl. 14, 324 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41377-025-02028-0\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41377-025-02028-0\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41377-025-02028-0\" aria-label=\"Article reference 27\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41377-025-02028-0\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025LSA....14..324T\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 27\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 27\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Construction%20of%20optical%20spatiotemporal%20skyrmions&amp;journal=Light%20Sci.%20Appl.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41377-025-02028-0&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Teng%2CH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR28\">Cao, Q. et al. Spatiotemporal photonic emulator of potential-free Schr\u00f6dinger equation. eLight 5, 17 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-track-label=\"10.1186\/s43593-025-00096-8\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1186\/s43593-025-00096-8\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/doi\/10.1186\/s43593-025-00096-8\" aria-label=\"Article reference 28\" data-doi=\"10.1186\/s43593-025-00096-8\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 28\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Spatiotemporal%20photonic%20emulator%20of%20potential-free%20Schr%C3%B6dinger%20equation&amp;journal=eLight&amp;doi=10.1186%2Fs43593-025-00096-8&amp;volume=5&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Cao%2CQ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR29\">Liu, X. et al. Ultrafast bursts of tailored spatiotemporal vortex pulses. Light Sci. Appl. 14, 361 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41377-025-02062-y\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41377-025-02062-y\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41377-025-02062-y\" aria-label=\"Article reference 29\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41377-025-02062-y\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025LSA....14..361L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 29\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 29\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Ultrafast%20bursts%20of%20tailored%20spatiotemporal%20vortex%20pulses&amp;journal=Light%20Sci.%20Appl.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41377-025-02062-y&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Liu%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR30\">Chen, W. et al. Observation of chiral symmetry breaking in toroidal vortices of light. Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 153801 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.132.153801\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.132.153801\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.132.153801\" aria-label=\"Article reference 30\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.132.153801\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024PhRvL.132o3801C\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 30\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 30\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observation%20of%20chiral%20symmetry%20breaking%20in%20toroidal%20vortices%20of%20light&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.132.153801&amp;volume=132&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Chen%2CW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR31\">Hossack, W., Darling, A. &amp; Dahdouh, A. Coordinate transformations with multiple computer-generated optical elements. J. Mod. Opt. 34, 1235\u20131250 (1987).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1080\/09500348714551121\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1080\/09500348714551121\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F09500348714551121\" aria-label=\"Article reference 31\" data-doi=\"10.1080\/09500348714551121\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=1987JMOp...34.1235H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 31\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 31\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Coordinate%20transformations%20with%20multiple%20computer-generated%20optical%20elements&amp;journal=J.%20Mod.%20Opt.&amp;doi=10.1080%2F09500348714551121&amp;volume=34&amp;pages=1235-1250&amp;publication_year=1987&amp;author=Hossack%2CW&amp;author=Darling%2CA&amp;author=Dahdouh%2CA\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR32\">Huo, P. et al. Observation of spatiotemporal optical vortices enabled by symmetry-breaking slanted nanograting. Nat. Commun. 15, 3055 (2024).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41467-024-47475-2\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41467-024-47475-2\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41467-024-47475-2\" aria-label=\"Article reference 32\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41467-024-47475-2\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2024NatCo..15.3055H\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 32\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 32\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Observation%20of%20spatiotemporal%20optical%20vortices%20enabled%20by%20symmetry-breaking%20slanted%20nanograting&amp;journal=Nat.%20Commun.&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41467-024-47475-2&amp;volume=15&amp;publication_year=2024&amp;author=Huo%2CP\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR33\">Zhang, R. Y. et al. Bulk\u2013spatiotemporal vortex correspondence in gyromagnetic zero-index media. Nature 641, 1142\u20131148 (2025).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1038\/s41586-025-08948-6\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1038\/s41586-025-08948-6\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41586-025-08948-6\" aria-label=\"Article reference 33\" data-doi=\"10.1038\/s41586-025-08948-6\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2025Natur.641.1142Z\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 33\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 33\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Bulk%E2%80%93spatiotemporal%20vortex%20correspondence%20in%20gyromagnetic%20zero-index%20media&amp;journal=Nature&amp;doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-025-08948-6&amp;volume=641&amp;pages=1142-1148&amp;publication_year=2025&amp;author=Zhang%2CRY\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR34\">Yan, X. et al. Optical and photoacoustic dual-modality imaging guided synergistic photodynamic\/photothermal therapies. Nanoscale 7, 2520\u20132526 (2015).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1039\/C4NR06868H\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1039\/C4NR06868H\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039%2FC4NR06868H\" aria-label=\"Article reference 34\" data-doi=\"10.1039\/C4NR06868H\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2015Nanos...7.2520Y\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 34\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 34\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Optical%20and%20photoacoustic%20dual-modality%20imaging%20guided%20synergistic%20photodynamic%2Fphotothermal%20therapies&amp;journal=Nanoscale&amp;doi=10.1039%2FC4NR06868H&amp;volume=7&amp;pages=2520-2526&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;author=Yan%2CX\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR35\">Papazoglou, D. G., Suntsov, S., Abdollahpour, D. &amp; Tzortzakis, S. Tunable intense Airy beams and tailored femtosecond laser filaments. Phys. Rev. A 81, 061807 (2010).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevA.81.061807\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevA.81.061807\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevA.81.061807\" aria-label=\"Article reference 35\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevA.81.061807\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2010PhRvA..81f1807P\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 35\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 35\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Tunable%20intense%20Airy%20beams%20and%20tailored%20femtosecond%20laser%20filaments&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20A&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevA.81.061807&amp;volume=81&amp;publication_year=2010&amp;author=Papazoglou%2CDG&amp;author=Suntsov%2CS&amp;author=Abdollahpour%2CD&amp;author=Tzortzakis%2CS\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR36\">Wen, Y. H. et al. Spiral transformation for high-resolution and efficient sorting of optical vortex modes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 193904 (2018).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.120.193904\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.120.193904\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.120.193904\" aria-label=\"Article reference 36\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.120.193904\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2018PhRvL.120s3904W\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 36\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 36\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Spiral%20transformation%20for%20high-resolution%20and%20efficient%20sorting%20of%20optical%20vortex%20modes&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Lett.&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.120.193904&amp;volume=120&amp;publication_year=2018&amp;author=Wen%2CYH\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR37\">Li, H., Bazarov, I. V., Dunham, B. M. &amp; Wise, F. W. Three-dimensional laser pulse intensity diagnostic for photoinjectors. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 14, 112802 (2011).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.1103\/PhysRevSTAB.14.112802\" data-track-item_id=\"10.1103\/PhysRevSTAB.14.112802\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103%2FPhysRevSTAB.14.112802\" aria-label=\"Article reference 37\" data-doi=\"10.1103\/PhysRevSTAB.14.112802\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" data-track-value=\"ads reference\" data-track-action=\"ads reference\" href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/cgi-bin\/nph-data_query?link_type=ABSTRACT&amp;bibcode=2011PhRvS..14k2802L\" aria-label=\"ADS reference 37\" target=\"_blank\">ADS<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 37\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Three-dimensional%20laser%20pulse%20intensity%20diagnostic%20for%20photoinjectors&amp;journal=Phys.%20Rev.%20Accel.%20Beams&amp;doi=10.1103%2FPhysRevSTAB.14.112802&amp;volume=14&amp;publication_year=2011&amp;author=Li%2CH&amp;author=Bazarov%2CIV&amp;author=Dunham%2CBM&amp;author=Wise%2CFW\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__text\" id=\"ref-CR38\">Chen, J. et al. Automated close loop system for three-dimensional characterization of spatiotemporal optical vortex. Front. Phys. 9, 31 (2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article-references__links u-hide-print\"><a data-track=\"click_references\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" data-track-label=\"10.3389\/fphy.2021.633922\" data-track-item_id=\"10.3389\/fphy.2021.633922\" data-track-value=\"article reference\" data-track-action=\"article reference\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffphy.2021.633922\" aria-label=\"Article reference 38\" data-doi=\"10.3389\/fphy.2021.633922\" target=\"_blank\">Article<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\n    <a data-track=\"click_references\" data-track-action=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-value=\"google scholar reference\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-track-item_id=\"link\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" aria-label=\"Google Scholar reference 38\" href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?&amp;title=Automated%20close%20loop%20system%20for%20three-dimensional%20characterization%20of%20spatiotemporal%20optical%20vortex&amp;journal=Front.%20Phys.&amp;doi=10.3389%2Ffphy.2021.633922&amp;volume=9&amp;publication_year=2021&amp;author=Chen%2CJ\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n                    Google Scholar<\/a>\u00a0\n                <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Olarte, O. E., Andilla, J., Gualda, E. J. &amp; Loza-Alvarez, P. Light-sheet microscopy: a tutorial. Adv. Opt. Photonics&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":371222,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[13177,13176,13181,13180,3181,85,46,13175,13178,13179,370,141,13174,19670],"class_list":{"0":"post-371221","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-physics","8":"tag-atomic","9":"tag-classical-and-continuum-physics","10":"tag-complex-systems","11":"tag-condensed-matter-physics","12":"tag-general","13":"tag-il","14":"tag-israel","15":"tag-mathematical-and-computational-physics","16":"tag-molecular","17":"tag-optical-and-plasma-physics","18":"tag-physics","19":"tag-science","20":"tag-theoretical","21":"tag-ultrafast-photonics"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371221","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=371221"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371221\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/371222"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=371221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=371221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=371221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}