{"id":472272,"date":"2026-06-02T12:00:10","date_gmt":"2026-06-02T12:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/472272\/"},"modified":"2026-06-02T12:00:10","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T12:00:10","slug":"the-conversation-quantum-computers-could-expose-our-digital-secrets-but-there-are-much-better-reasons-to-build-them","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/472272\/","title":{"rendered":"The Conversation: Quantum Computers Could Expose Our Digital Secrets \u2013 But there are Much Better Reasons to Build\u00a0them"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Keith Martin<\/a>, Professor, Information Security Group, Royal Holloway, University of London and Briana Bowen<\/a>, Postgraduate research student, Department of Information Security, Royal Holloway, University of London for The Conversation<\/a><\/p>\n

Quantum computers are coming. Or, at least, that\u2019s what current predictions say. These machines harness the power of quantum mechanics, the set of rules governing how physics operates at atomic and sub-atomic scales.<\/p>\n

Because of this,\u00a0they<\/a>\u00a0operate in radically different ways to current machines. Tasks requiring\u00a0trillions of years<\/a>\u00a0on existing supercomputers might be reduced to days on future quantum computers. They could tackle\u00a0a range of challenges<\/a>\u00a0that are out of reach for existing technology.<\/p>\n

These potential challenges include code-breaking. In 1994, the American computer scientist Peter Shor came up with\u00a0a quantum algorithm<\/a>\u00a0capable of breaking the form of encryption that would later underpin routine email messaging and internet security. Shor\u2019s advance drew interest from the US military and intelligence community,\u00a0which began investing<\/a>\u00a0in the emerging field.<\/p>\n

\"Responsive<\/a><\/p>\n

While decryption is often touted as a potential use for quantum computers, there are now protections against attempts to use them in this way. And in recent decades, other exciting applications have emerged. So is the threat to secure communications being overstated?<\/p>\n

Currently, nobody knows for sure\u00a0which quantum computing<\/a>\u00a0technologies will prevail,\u00a0when the obstacles<\/a>\u00a0to their production will be overcome, or who will build one first.<\/p>\n

But we can make educated guesses. Quantum computers built for specialised tasks will probably arrive before machines for more generalised uses.\u00a0Between 10 and 20 years<\/a>\u00a0is a plausible guesstimate for the emergence of practical machines \u2013 amid considerable uncertainty.\u00a0The US and China<\/a>\u00a0appear to be market leaders, so the big breakthrough could come from one of them.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s perhaps understandable why decryption is the poster child for quantum computing applications. The security of our digital world\u00a0relies on cryptography<\/a>, which provides a toolkit of mathematical techniques that underpin cyber security.<\/p>\n

Digital secrets are protected by encryption, which converts meaningful data into an unintelligible form. If quantum computers could\u00a0unscramble current encryption<\/a>, they could expose highly sensitive data. Useful, perhaps, for nation states tracking terror cells or spying on strategic competitors \u2013 but bad news for everyone else.<\/p>\n

Cryptography apocalypse<\/p>\n

If we fail to act, this digital disaster might indeed happen. But researchers in this field have not been sitting on their hands. In the last decade, they have developed standards for new encryption techniques offering protection against quantum code-breaking. This area is known as\u00a0post-quantum cryptography<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Many governments have announced timelines designed\u00a0to motivate organisations<\/a>\u00a0to migrate from existing cryptography to the new post-quantum encryption standards. If everyone moves swiftly, by the time cryptographically-relevant quantum computers are built, our data should be sufficiently protected.<\/p>\n

Yet stories of a\u00a0pending cryptography apocalypse<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 sometimes referred to as \u201cQ day\u201d \u2013 still abound. So why, as we manoeuvre towards a future protected by post-quantum cryptography, are headlines still obsessed with decryption?<\/p>\n

Well, everyone loves an origin story. The quantum algorithm developed in 1994 by Peter Shor caused a sensation. Cryptographers immediately commenced the hunt for new types of encryption invulnerable to Shor\u2019s algorithm. More significantly, this theoretical breakthrough helped drive the actual development of quantum computers, since Shor\u2019s algorithm was arguably the first convincing application for these machines.<\/p>\n

There\u2019s a tangibility to this quantum threat. The (often overblown) idea\u00a0of a Q-Day<\/a>\u00a0posits that we awake one morning and our cyber security has suddenly been lost. In contrast, most constructive use cases for quantum computers seem more abstract. They might greatly assist mathematical modelling of scientific problems such as climate change, along with complex simulations of how physics works.<\/p>\n

Other end uses\u00a0sound fantastical<\/a>. For example, quantum computers might help us find a cure for cancer or harness vast clean energy from nuclear fusion. In the absence of a proven killer app, decryption often prevails as a prominent, imagined end use. And the prospect of doomsday always focuses human minds.<\/p>\n

Other uses<\/p>\n

Quantum computing has also become firmly embedded in\u00a0great power competition<\/a>. China, the US and Russia, among others, are all pushing the development of quantum computers. To some in government, the consequences of losing a quantum computing race are unthinkable. What if your strategic rival can decrypt your secrets, but you can\u2019t decrypt theirs?<\/p>\n

The question is, are these anxieties really driving the\u00a0stacks of cash<\/a>\u00a0being pumped into the field?<\/p>\n

Setting aside political advantages, as well as criminal gains, the real money from quantum computing is not going to be made from decryption.<\/p>\n

A range of quantum computing companies are now promoting their technologies and there\u2019s barely a mention of decryption. Instead, other compelling uses are being trumpeted. Quantum computers would\u00a0excel at optimisation<\/a>, which is all about finding the most efficient solutions to complex problems that classical computers struggle with.<\/p>\n

This could transform parts of the finance industry that deal with large-scale, complex transactions, and intricate investment strategies. It could also make supply chain logistics easier to manage. Quantum computers could\u00a0supercharge drug discovery<\/a>\u00a0and lead to the development of\u00a0new industrial materials<\/a>.<\/p>\n

They may be capable of greatly\u00a0enhanced predictive modelling<\/a>, leading to more accurate weather prediction and geopolitical risk analysis. Quantum computers\u00a0might also<\/a>\u00a0boost artificial intelligence<\/a>\u00a0technology.<\/p>\n

Most of these remain unrealised visions, but the prospect of breakthroughs and enrichment fuels investment.<\/p>\n

So, there\u2019s a genuine geopolitical power struggle in play, but it\u2019s no longer solely or even primarily about decrypting secrets. Quantum competition between great powers concerns first-mover advantage across a broad base of technological domains. Ultimately, it\u2019s about who\u2019s going to make money.<\/p>\n

Early progress seems most likely in industrial materials and optimisation. Later opportunities may involve advanced mathematical modelling and predictive simulations.<\/p>\n

If quantum computers surpass\u00a0the sceptics\u2019 doubts<\/a>\u00a0to become capable of breaking current encryption, this will probably be a much later development. And if everyone\u2019s done their\u00a0post-quantum cryptography migration<\/a>, it will hopefully be largely irrelevant.<\/p>\n

But given\u00a0how long cryptographic upgrades<\/a>\u00a0can take, cybersecurity slowpokes may still have a lot to lose.<\/p>\n

\u2014 The Conversation is a nonprofit, independent news organization dedicated to unlocking the knowledge of experts for the public good.<\/p>\n

\u201cQuantum Computer Mixing Chamber<\/a>\u201d by IBM Research<\/a> is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"By Keith Martin, Professor, Information Security Group, Royal Holloway, University of London and Briana Bowen, Postgraduate research student,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":472273,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[85,46,370,141],"class_list":["post-472272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-physics","tag-il","tag-israel","tag-physics","tag-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/472272","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=472272"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/472272\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/472273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=472272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=472272"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.newsbeep.com\/il\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=472272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}