Israel Defence Exports and European Markets<\/p>\n
Europe, at 36 per cent, accounted for the largest share of Israel\u2019s arms exports in 2025, followed by Asia and the Pacific at 32 per cent, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) at 15 per cent and North America at 13 per cent.[3]<\/a>\u00a0Europe accounting for the largest share of Israel\u2019s defence exports in 2025 is significant given that in the aftermath of Israel\u2019s military action in the Gaza Strip following the 7 October 2023 Hamas attacks on Israel, some European countries had restricted arms trade with Israel.<\/p>\n The Spanish Foreign Ministry in February 2024, for instance, stated that \u201cno arms sales operations\u201d have been authorised with Israel since October 2023.[4]<\/a>\u00a0In April 2025, Spain cancelled a US$ 7.5 million deal to purchase ammunition from IMI Systems, a subsidiary of Elbit Systems.[5]<\/a>\u00a0In June 2025, Spain cancelled a US$ 325 million deal for Spike anti-tank missile systems.[6]<\/a>\u00a0The deal was signed a few days before the 7 October 2023 Hamas attacks. In September 2025, the Spanish government further cancelled an October 2023 deal to procure 12 PULS rocket launcher systems from Elbit Systems Limited. The deal to make the rocket systems by a consortium of Spanish companies was reportedly valued at US$ 825 million, with Elbit\u2019s share at US$ 175 million.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n The United Kingdom, meanwhile, in September 2024 suspended over 30 arms export licenses (out of around 350) to prevent the export of UK arms to Israel. Then Foreign Secretary David Lammy noted a clear risk that UK arms could be used \u201cto commit or facilitate a serious violation of international humanitarian law provisions\u201d.[8]<\/a>\u00a0In August 2025, Slovenia under a liberal coalition government became the first European Union (EU) nation to ban all weapons trade with Israel. This decision was, however, reversed by the centre-right government in June 2026, after assuming power in May 2026.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n Pertinently, the Israeli MoD highlighting the country\u2019s rising defence exports came on the heels of the French government\u2019s decision to ban the display of offensive Israeli weapons at the nation\u2019s premier defence and security trade fair, Eurosatory, in Paris, from 15 June to 19 June 2026. The French Armed Forces Ministry stated that only Israeli equipment and systems related to air defence and missile defence may be displayed at the show.[10]<\/a>\u00a0Even at the 2024 Eurosatory, as indeed at the 2025 Paris Air Show, restrictions were placed on the participation of Israeli defence companies.<\/p>\n Figure 1. Israel\u2019s Defence Exports 2006\u201325 (US$ Bn)<\/p>\n Given the above, which countries accounted for the largest share of Israeli defence exports in 2025? As per the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) Arms Transfers Database, Germany accounted for nearly 50 per cent of Israel\u2019s defence exports in 2025, followed by India at 34 per cent and Morocco at about 9 per cent.[11]<\/a>\u00a0Over the five years of 2021\u201325, Germany was the recipient of 21 per cent of Israel\u2019s defence exports, after India at 29 per cent and the United States at 7.8 per cent. Israel, meanwhile, accounted for 10 per cent of German arms exports during the same period and was the third-largest market for them after Ukraine (24 per cent) and Egypt (14 per cent). Overall, Germany was the fourth-largest arms exporter in the world in 2021\u201325, while Israel was the seventh-largest.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n Israel\u2019s largest-ever defence export deal is with Germany for the Arrow 3 ballistic missile defence system, valued at US$ 6.5 billion. While the initial September 2023 deal was valued at US$ 3.5 billion, the German Bundestag approved the expansion of the contract in December 2025, valued at US$ 3.1 billion.[13]<\/a>\u00a0The handover of the system\u2019s initial operational capability took place in December 2025.[14]<\/a>\u00a0The Arrow is jointly developed by Israel\u2019s Directorate of Defense Research and Development (DDR&D) and the United States Missile Defense Agency (MDA). Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), Elbit Systems, Tomer, and Rafael Advanced Defense Systems produce the radars, command-and-control systems, and interceptors of the missile system.<\/p>\n The US\u2013Israeli Arrow system will be part of the 24-nation European Sky Shield Initiative, originally proposed by Germany in August 2022. Ahead of the system\u2019s commissioning, German Defence Minister Boris Pistorius was quoted as saying that the system \u201cfor the first time\u201d provided Germany with protection against long-range ballistic missile threats.[15]<\/a>\u00a0German Leopard 2 main battle tanks (MBTs) are also being upgraded with Israeli Trophy active protection systems, with the upgrade agreement signed in 2020. The first of the tanks so upgraded with the tank protection system developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems was handed over to the German Ministry of Defense in October 2024.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n Germany meanwhile has supplied submarines, naval frigates, torpedoes, armoured vehicles, anti-tank weapons and ammunition to Israel in recent years. The naming ceremony for the latest HDW \u2018Dolphin\u2019 Air-Independent Propulsion submarine,\u00a0INS Drakon, was held in November 2024, and the submarine was expected to join the IDF Navy in 2025. The IMOD calls the Drakon a \u2018strategic combat asset\u2019.[17]<\/a>\u00a0Some reports note the submarine has been modified to carry nuclear-tipped long-range cruise missiles. Most recently in June 2026, Israel\u2019s Elbit Systems teamed up with Diehl Defense to offer the Sky Striker loitering munition to the German armed forces.<\/p>\n Israel\u2019s significant defence trade with Germany, though, was not unaffected by Israel\u2019s military intervention in the Gaza Strip. According to reports, Germany exported arms worth US$ 137 million to Israel in 2024, compared with more than twice that figure in 2023 (US$ 326 million).[18]<\/a>\u00a0In the aftermath of an Israeli Cabinet decision in August 2025 to undertake a renewed military offensive in the Gaza Strip against Hamas, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz stated that the German government will not approve the export of arms that could be used in the Gaza Strip.[19]<\/a>\u00a0Merz also called on Israel not to undertake any steps towards the annexation of Gaza. The partial suspension of weapons deliveries to Israel was lifted in November 2025, in the aftermath of the October 2025 ceasefire in the Gaza Strip.<\/p>\n Figure 2. Israel\u2019s Defence Exports 2016\u201325: Geographic Share (Percentage)<\/p>\n Apart from Germany, other European countries with significant arms trade relationships with Israel include Greece, which signed a US$ 750 million agreement in April 2026 for the PULS rocket artillery systems for the Hellenic Armed Forces.[20]<\/a>\u00a0Elbit Systems makes the PULS system, and the contract will be executed over the next four years. In April 2023, Greece signed a Euros 370 million agreement to acquire Rafael\u2019s Spike anti-tank guided missiles.[21]<\/a><\/p>\n In May 2023, the Netherlands also signed a US$ 305 million deal to procure the PULS rocket artillery system. This was the first government-to-government (G2G) defence exports agreement between Israel and the Netherlands.[22]<\/a>\u00a0The contract, to be executed by 2028, will see Elbit Systems supply 20 PULS systems to the Dutch armed forces. In February 2025, Germany selected the PULS rocket artillery system in a joint procurement deal worth US$ 57 million, involving the Dutch, German and Israeli defence industries.[23]<\/a><\/p>\n The Slovak Air Force received the Barak MX integrated air defence system, capable of countering a wide range of threats\u2014from aircraft to unmanned aerial vehicles to cruise and ballistic missiles\u2014in April 2026.[24]<\/a>\u00a0The Euros 560 million deal for the system was signed in December 2024. This is Israel\u2019s largest-ever defence export deal with Slovakia. At the time of the signing of the deal in December 2024, the then Director General of the IMOD\u2014and the current head of the Israel Defense Force (IDF), Maj Gen (Res) Eyal Zamir, remarked that Israel\u2019s rising defence exports were \u201ca direct result of Israeli technologies proving themselves on the battlefield\u201d.[25]<\/a><\/p>\n The Hungarian and Croatian Ministers of Defence visited Israel in January and February 2026, respectively, while the Prime Minister of Greece visited Israel in March 2025 to explore opportunities for mutual defence collaboration. Finland signed an agreement worth over Euros 300 million with the IMOD for the David\u2019s Sling air defence system in November 2024.[26]<\/a>\u00a0The system has been jointly developed by Israel\u2019s DDR&D and the US MDA. The US had approved Finland\u2019s procurement of the system in August 2023.<\/p>\n Israel Defence Exports and Asian Markets<\/p>\n Countries in the Asia Pacific accounted for 32 per cent of Israel\u2019s defence exports in 2025. India has been the largest recipient of Israeli defence exports in recent decades. India accounted for 35 per cent of Israeli defence exports in 2016\u201325, 24 per cent in 2006\u201315, and 23 per cent in 1996\u20132005.[27]<\/a>\u00a0The defence partnership has been the strongest pillar of the India\u2013Israel relationship\u2014now designated as the Special Strategic Partnership for Peace, Innovation and Prosperity, when Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Israel for the second time in February 2026, after his highly successful and historic 2017 visit on the occasion of the 25th\u00a0anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties (in January 1992).<\/p>\n The massive growth in defence trade with Israel during this period has been due to mutual complementarities\u2014India\u2019s force modernisation requirements, along with multiple security challenges, and Israel\u2019s niche capabilities that address those requirements.[28]<\/a>\u00a0Israeli defence equipment imparted an operational edge to the Indian armed forces in conflict situations, be it in Kargil or in Operation Sindoor. The defence relationship with Israel has also contributed to the growth of the Indian defence industrial base. Kalyani Rafael Advanced Systems Limited, for instance, was the country\u2019s first private-sector missile subsystem manufacturing entity. Nearly half of the offset contracts (by number) are currently being executed by Israeli OEMs in association with their Indian Offset Partners (IOPs).[29]<\/a><\/p>\n During the visit of then Israeli Defence Minister Benny Gantz in June 2022, the India\u2013Israel Vision on Defence Cooperation was adopted, and the Letter of Intent on enhancing Cooperation in the field of Futuristic Defence Technologies was exchanged. At the Seventeenth Joint Working Group (JWG) on Defence Cooperation in November 2025, an MoU on Defence Cooperation was signed, expected to promote further co-development and co-production, and expand cooperation in research and development and technological innovation.<\/p>\n Some of the recent procurement deals with Israel include Rampage air-to-surface missiles for the Indian Air Force\u2019s (IAF) fighter aircraft fleet. Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) signed a MoU with Rafael Advanced Defence Systems Limited in February 2025 to produce the Ice Breaker air-to-surface missile. Going forward, mega projects such as Mission Sudarshan Chakra\u2014the Indian Integrated Air and Missile Defence (IAMD) system\u2014announced by Prime Minister Modi from the ramparts of the Red Fort in August 2025 and expected to become operational by 2035, will provide multiple opportunities for Israeli companies to co-develop and co-produce in India to address the modernisation and operational requirements of the Indian armed forces.[30]<\/a><\/p>\n Other Key Markets<\/p>\n The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and North American markets accounted for 28 per cent of Israeli defence exports in 2025. In the MENA region, the Abraham Accord countries such as Morocco and the United Arab Emirates have been significant recipients of Israeli defence exports. As noted in earlier sections, Morocco was the third-largest recipient of Israeli defence exports in 2025 (according to SIPRI Trend Indicator Values). Morocco signed the US$ 500 million Barak MX air defence deal in 2022, as well as a US$ 150 million deal for Elbit\u2019s PULS multiple-launcher rocket system. Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) signed a US$ 1 billion deal for Ofek 13 satellites in 2024. Israeli companies are also making loitering munitions in Morocco. The Israeli Iron Dome air defence system was used by the UAE to shoot down Iranian missiles in recent conflicts, becoming the third country to deploy the system after Israel and the United States. Azerbaijan, meanwhile, accounted for more than 7 per cent of Israel\u2019s defence exports in 2016\u201325, while the Philippines accounted for more than 4 per cent in the same time period (as per SIPRI TIV).<\/p>\n Conclusion<\/p>\n The Israeli Ministry of Defence, while releasing the defence export figures for 2025 in June 2026, noted that increasing defence exports is \u201ca cornerstone of ensuring the IDF\u2019s force buildup in a challenging budgetary environment, advancing foreign policy goals, strengthening the defense industry, and generating additional budgetary resources for defense\u201d.[31]<\/a>\u00a0Earlier in November 2025, at the IMOD Defense Export Controls Agency (DECA) Annual Conference, the Director General of the IMOD Maj Gen (Res) Amir Baram stated that increasing defence exports are \u201ca central mechanism to strengthen the IDF with new systems, as a tool for international policy influence, and to fortify both our defense industry and economy\u201d, especially given that \u201cthe prolonged multi-front war has \u2026 depleted resources, capabilities, and reserves\u201d.[32]<\/a><\/p>\n The IMOD has also taken a series of steps in recent months to ease export licensing policies and expand strategic partnerships with a host of countries. The Committee for Strengthening and Expanding Defence Exports submitted its report to the Israeli MoD in November 2025. Key recommendations of the Committee included expanding the list of countries eligible for license exemptions, establishing a committee within the IMOD to oversee time-bound registration of technological products, and reducing license processing times, among others.[33]<\/a>\u00a0The demand for combat-proven niche capabilities, such as air defence systems, is expected to rise worldwide, especially in regions such as West Asia and South Asia. Cumulatively, the domestic policy measures that the IMOD is taking to boost defence exports, along with international factors, can be expected to fuel Israel\u2019s defence exports boom further.<\/p>\n Views expressed are of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Manohar Parrikar IDSA or of the Government of India.<\/p>\n About the author: Dr S Samuel C Rajiv is Research Fellow, Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (MP-IDSA), New Delhi. Prior to joining MP-IDSA in November 2006, Dr Rajiv worked at the publication India\u2019s National Security Annual Review (from 2002-2005) and was a Visiting Scholar at the BESA Centre for Strategic Studies, Bar Ilan University, Israel (October 2005-September 2006). Dr Rajiv earned his PhD from the School of International Studies, JNU. He has published on issues related to India\u2019s foreign and security policies in Strategic Analysis, Foreign Policy, Business Standard, The Jerusalem Post, among other publications. He is the author of The India-Israel Strategic Partnership: Contours, Opportunities and Challenges (Pentagon Press, 2023) and Co-Editor of India-Israel: The Making of a Strategic Partnership (Routledge, 2020).\u00a0<\/p>\n Source: This article was published by Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (MP-IDSA)<\/a><\/p>\n Endnotes:<\/p>\n \u201cAll-Time Defense Export Record: Israel Crosses the $19 Billion Threshold\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Israel Ministry of Defense, 2 June 2026.<\/p>\n Ibid.<\/p>\n Ibid.<\/p>\n \u201cStatement on Arms Sales to Israel\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Ministry for Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation, 12 February 2024.<\/p>\n \u201cCeding to Internal Pressure, Spain Scraps Purchase of Israeli Bullets\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0The Times of Israel, 24 April 2025.<\/p>\n Lazar Berman,\u00a0\u201cSpain Reneges on $325m Purchase of Anti-Tank Missiles from Israel\u2019s Rafael\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0The Times of Israel, 3 June 2025.<\/p>\n \u201cSpain Cancels Major Arms Deal with Israel amid Gaza Backlash\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0The Times of Israel, 15 September 2025.<\/p>\n \u201cUK Policy on Arms Export Licences to Israel: Foreign Secretary\u2019s Statement\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), 2 September 2024.<\/p>\n \u201cSlovenia Lifts Ban on Arms Trade with Israel\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Reuters, 11 June 2026.<\/p>\n Serge Duchene,\u00a0\u201cFrance Bans Display of Israeli Offensive Weapons at Eurosatory Arms Fair\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Euronews, 2 June 2026.<\/p>\n \u201cSIPRI Arms Transfer Database\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.<\/p>\n Mathew George, Katarina Djokic, Zain Hussain,\u00a0 Pieter D. Wezeman and Siemon T. Wezeman,\u00a0\u201cTrends in International Arms Transfers 2025\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, March 2026.<\/p>\n \u201cGerman Bundestag Approves Expansion of the Arrow 3 Defense System Contract with Israel\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Israel, 17 December 2025.<\/p>\n \u201cHistoric Milestone: Arrow 3 System Handover Marks New Chapter in Israeli-German Defense Partnership\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Israel Ministry of Defense, 3 December 2025.<\/p>\n Emanuel Fabian,\u00a0\u201cIsrael Delivers Arrow 3 to Germany, in Largest Defense Export Deal Ever\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0The Times of Israel, 3 December 2025.<\/p>\n \u201cHistoric Ceremony in Germany Marks the Launch of the First Leopard Tank Equipped with Israeli TROPHY Active Protection System\u201d,<\/a>Israel Ministry of Defense, 29 October 2024.<\/p>\n \u201cAmid the Ongoing War, the IDF Reveals Its Sixth Submarine\u2014INS \u2018Drakon\u2019, Which Will Serve as a Strategic Combat Asset Across the Various Operational Arenas<\/a>\u201d, Israel Ministry of Defense, 12 November 2024.<\/p>\n Matthew Ward Agius,\u00a0\u201cAmid Calls for Arms Embargo, who Supplies Israel\u2019s Weapons?\u201d<\/a>,\u00a0DW, 26 May 2025.<\/p>\n \u201cChancellor Friedrich Merz Comments on the Developments in Gaza\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Federal Press and Information Office (BPA), Press Release 178, 8 August 2025.<\/p>\n \u201cLandmark Defense Deal During Wartime: Israel MOD to Supply Advanced Elbit Systems PULS Rocket Artillery System to Greece in Deal Worth Approximately $750 Million\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Israel Ministry of Defense, 6 April 2026.<\/p>\n \u201c370 million Euro GTG Defense Exports Agreement\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Israel Ministry of Defense, 10 April 2023.<\/p>\n \u201cIsraeli & Dutch MODs Sign First GTG Defense Exports Agreement Valued at $305 million\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Israel Ministry of Defense, 18 May 2023.<\/p>\n \u201cGermany Selects PULS Rocket Launcher Artillery System for its Armed Forces\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Elbit Systems, 6 February 2025.<\/p>\n \u201cIsrael MOD Delivers IAI\u2019s BARAK MX to Slovak Armed Forces\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Israel Ministry of Defense, 23 April 2026.<\/p>\n \u201cIsrael MOD Seals 560 Million Euro Agreement: Barak MX Integrated Air Defense System Produced by IAI Sold to Slovakia in Landmark Agreement\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Israel Ministry of Defense, 23 December 2024.<\/p>\n \u201cHistoric Agreement Signed for the Procurement of the \u2018David\u2019s Sling\u2019 System by Finland\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Israel Ministry of Defense, 12 November 2024.<\/p>\n \u201cSIPRI Arms Transfer Database\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.<\/p>\n See S Samuel C Rajiv,\u00a0\u201cThe India-Israel Defence and Security Partnership at 30<\/a>\u201d, Monograph No. 75, Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (MP-IDSA), 2022.<\/p>\n See\u00a0\u201cDefence Offsets Management Wing<\/a>\u201d, Ministry of Defence. Government of India.<\/p>\n Sukhbir Kaur Minhas,\u00a0\u201cMission Sudarshan Chakra and the India\u2013Israel Special Strategic Partnership\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Issue Brief, Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (MP-IDSA), 6 March 2026.<\/p>\n \u201cAll-Time Defense Export Record: Israel Crosses the $19 Billion Threshold\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0no. 1.<\/p>\n \u201cIsrael MOD Outlines Strategic Defense Export Priorities at DECA Annual Conference\u201d,<\/a>\u00a0Israel Ministry of Defense, 25 November 2025.<\/p>\n
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