Food allergy<\/a>\u00a0trajectories were classified using group-based trajectory modelling, while serum cytokines were measured at three and seven years. Placental DNA methylation was also assessed using the Infinium\u00a0MethylationEPIC\u00a0BeadChip.\u00a0<\/p>\nFour food allergy trajectories were\u00a0identified: no food allergy in 87.3% of children, early remission in 6.9%, early persistent food allergy in 4.6%, and late remission in 1.1%.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Cytokine Profiles Differ\u00a0<\/p>\n
Children in the early persistent food allergy trajectory had higher levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 at both three and seven years compared with children who did not develop food allergy.\u00a0<\/p>\n
At three years, IL-10 levels were lower among children with early persistent food allergy than among those following a late remission trajectory. IL-10 is involved in regulating immune responses, while IL-4 and IL-5 are associated with type 2 immune responses.\u00a0<\/p>\n
The findings therefore\u00a0identified\u00a0differences in inflammatory profiles between children whose food allergy persisted early in childhood and those without food allergy or with later remission.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Epigenetic Changes May Contribute\u00a0<\/p>\n
Placental DNA methylation analysis\u00a0identified\u00a0significant hypermethylation of the\u00a0RPS6KA2\u00a0and\u00a0GCSAML\u00a0genes among children with early persistent food allergy compared with those in the no food allergy and early remission trajectories.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Methylation of\u00a0GCSAML\u00a0was positively associated with total immunoglobulin E, egg white-specific immunoglobulin E, early-life eosinophil levels, and IL-5 concentrations at seven years. All associations reached statistical significance at p<0.05.\u00a0<\/p>\n
The researchers concluded that hypermethylation of\u00a0RPS6KA2\u00a0and\u00a0GCSAML, alongside reduced IL-10 and elevated Th2 cytokines, was associated with an early persistent food allergy trajectory.\u00a0<\/p>\n
These findings suggest that placental epigenetic alterations and immune dysregulation may contribute to the development and persistence of food allergy in childhood. Further research will be needed to\u00a0establish\u00a0whether these biological changes play a causal role in\u00a0determining\u00a0food allergy trajectories.\u00a0<\/p>\n
Reference<\/p>\n
Choi EJ et al.\u00a0Placental\u00a0epigenetic alterations\u00a0and IL-10\u00a0dysregulation drive early persistent food allergy. Allergy.\u00a02026;DOI:10.1111\/all.70471.\u00a0<\/p>\n
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