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A HiLumi LHC inner triplet assembly (in red) containing a CERN-made quadrupole and a corrector magnet from CIEMAT. Eight of these are needed for installation, two on each side of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. (Image: CERN)<\/p>\nA HiLumi LHC inner triplet assembly (in red) containing a CERN-made quadrupole and a corrector magnet from CIEMAT. Eight of these are needed for installation, two on each side of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. (Image: CERN)<\/p>\n
After years of design, manufacturing and testing, the High-Luminosity (HiLumi) LHC<\/a> magnet programme has reached a landmark point: all eight new CERN-made quadrupole magnets needed for installation are ready for the tunnel (with\u00a0two spares produced and entering their final stages). Known as the new inner triplets<\/a>, these magnets are now complete and have been fully validated through extensive tests. Together with their associated corrector magnets, produced by CERN\u2019s Spanish collaborators at CIEMAT<\/a>, they will provide the powerful focusing needed to squeeze the proton beams more tightly as they pass through the ATLAS<\/a> and CMS<\/a> experiments.<\/p>\n \u201cCompleting the production of all eight CERN-made quadrupoles is a major achievement for the HiLumi project and for everyone involved in developing, manufacturing and testing these magnets,\u201d says Susana Izquierdo Berm\u00fadez, engineer in charge of the HiLumi LHC interaction region magnets. \u201cIt is particularly rewarding to see that the magnets we have developed over many years are now ready to take their place in the accelerator.\u201d<\/p>\n The completion of these magnets \u2013 manufactured and assembled at CERN \u2013 marks the culmination of three decades of research and development in niobium-tin<\/a> (Nb\u2083Sn) superconducting magnet technology. These quadrupoles have a nominal peak field of 11.3\u00a0tesla and a magnetic length of 7.2\u00a0metres, making them the longest accelerator-quality Nb\u2083Sn magnets ever built. Compared with the niobium-titanium (Nb-Ti) quadrupoles used in the LHC, which have a nominal peak field of 8.6\u00a0tesla, their larger 150-millimetre aperture and higher magnetic field will enable stronger beam focusing and contribute to the increased luminosity of the HiLumi LHC.<\/p>\n These new magnets are the result of a long-standing international effort, initially developed through the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) and subsequently advanced through collaboration between CERN and US partners. Developing accelerator-quality Nb\u2083Sn magnets at the required seven-metre scale presented significant challenges: \u201cAfter successfully developing short models of the magnet, scaling to the lengths required for an accelerator magnet constituted a significant challenge,\u201d explains Izquierdo Berm\u00fadez. \u201cWe had to take a close look at what was causing initial performance shortcomings and make iterative improvements in coil fabrication and magnet assembly. But happily, these corrective strategies meant that the magnets now consistently demonstrate excellent performance and robustness!\u201d<\/p>\n Eight assemblies (plus two spares) of a slightly different type are also needed for the accelerator upgrade: instead of one long quadrupole and a corrector magnet, these assemblies contain two shorter quadrupoles, each measuring 4.2 metres. Equally powerful and also made of Nb3Sn coils, they form part of the final interaction region on each side of ATLAS and CMS. They are currently being produced by the HiLumi US collaboration, which is also making steady progress: seven of the assemblies have already arrived at CERN.\u00a0<\/p>\n The other HiLumi LHC magnet assemblies for the CMS and ATLAS interaction regions \u2013 the separation and recombination dipoles, which split the beams into two separate beam pipes and then combine them into a single pipe, and the corrector magnets, which correct the beam parameters and trajectory \u2013 are also approaching the finish line, with 70% of these assemblies completed.<\/p>\n The final magnets also benefit from the extensive testing carried out at the IT String, the full-scale test facility designed to reproduce the future HiLumi LHC interaction region near the ATLAS and CMS experiments. In July, the inner triplet magnets installed in the IT String successfully reached their nominal operating current<\/a>. All 17 electrical circuits of the string were subsequently powered to their operating currents, providing an important validation of the integrated magnet system and its associated equipment.<\/p>\n In a few months, the focus will move to the installation of these assemblies in the accelerator. The first magnets to be lowered into the tunnel are expected to be installed in 2028. To make sure you don\u2019t miss anything happening during Long Shutdown 3 (LS3), follow the progress of the work on\u00a0this dedicated page<\/a>.<\/p>\n In this interview with Susana Izquierdo Berm\u00fadez, engineer in charge of the HiLumi LHC interaction region magnets, find out how the new HiLumi quadrupole magnets, known as MQXFB, are made.\u00a0Source: CERN (CDS) <\/a><\/p>\n ________<\/p>\n