In the mountains of Norway, retreating ice revealed what is being hailed as one of Norway’s most significant archaeological finds of 2025: a 1,500-year-old reindeer trapping system.
In an unexpected and thrilling first for Norway and possibly all of Europe, archaeologists discovered a remarkably elaborate system for herding, capturing, and processing reindeer on the Aurlandsfjellet mountain plateau in Vestland County, Norway.
Complete with two converging fences that led to an enclosure where ancient Norwegians would trap the reindeer, archaeologists stumbled upon nothing short of a unique construction in Europe, where reindeer were hunted in large numbers.
As Archaeology News reports, “this is the first large-scale wooden trapping structure to be found melting out of the ice in Norway, and possibly anywhere in Europe.”
Over time, the installation was captured, frozen in time, by the ice that has now begun to melt, revealing not only the innovative and complex hunting system but also well-preserved artifacts that reveal the inner workings of a sophisticated hunting facility.
An ancient hunting factory
While excavating in the mountains of Norway, archaeologists unexpectedly stumbled upon an organized assembly of hundreds of tree branches piled into two barriers that they soon understood functioned as a trap. These fences led to a large enclosure constructed from heavy logs.
Leif Inge Åstveit, an archaeologist at the University Museum of Bergen, said to Live Science that the mass trapping facility was “literally melting out of the ice in front of our eyes.” From the glacial grave, archaeologists discovered what one might expect, as they notably remarked on the site as an ancient processing facility: antlers. (Just in time for Christmas, too.)
All the antlers bore distinctive cut marks, giving a close-up view of how these animals were processed onsite. The wealth of artifacts uncovered onsite helped archaeologists continue to develop a picture of what the hunting activity here might have looked like.
The past resurfaces thanks to climate change
Iron spearheads, arrow shafts, now fragments, and even a mysterious oar — which struck archaeologists as out of place— gave them a clear picture with puzzling details as to the significance of the site, as these objects had been finely carved. These ancient factory workers might have lived onsite, according to what archaeologists could glean from these objects. Perhaps one of them wore an antler broach, as they found an accessory, as per Ancient Origins.
Shaped like a miniature ax, archaeologists suspect that it might have fallen off a hunter during a kill. It could allude to some organized principle, or a ritualistic undertone to the task of mass-processing herds of reindeer.
“This discovery opens up entirely new interpretations and understandings of how these facilities functioned,” Åstveit said to Live Science, though none other like it has even been found. Nonetheless, “the exceptionally well-preserved antler and wood materials will contribute significantly to research in the coming years.”
Furthermore, and lastly, the discovery highlights the role of climate change in unearthing this unusual and groundbreaking ancient facility. As the ice continues to melt, history has resurfaced throughout Norway’s mountains, revealing stunning insights about how the ancient Norwegians traveled through these passageways and hunted. But, evidently, when exposed to air, the priceless artifacts preserved in ice are at risk of deteriorating.