Weight-loss drugs known as GLP-1s are growing in popularity, but experts warn their long-term effects and behavioral impacts are not fully understood. Dr. John Lewis, president of Dr. Lewis Nutrition and a voluntary associate professor at the University of Miami School of Medicine, shared his insights with Dave Davis.
Q: If we’re not familiar, what are GLP-1s and how do they work?
GLP-1, or glucagon-like peptide-1, is a protein that helps the body release insulin. Drugs based on GLP-1 have become popular because they stimulate insulin after meals, slow digestion, and help people feel fuller longer.
By reducing hunger and curbing overeating, these drugs can assist with weight loss, particularly in individuals who struggle with excessive food consumption.
Q: What are the potential long-term side effects of GLP-1s?
Dr. Lewis cautions that these drugs are relatively new for weight loss, with the first approved in 2014, meaning long-term effects are not yet fully known.
Some concerns include slowed stomach movement, which could affect gastrointestinal health, and rapid muscle loss, which may reduce the body’s ability to burn calories and impact overall health and longevity.
There have also been reports of visual problems and unknown risks when these drugs are combined with other medications, such as antidepressants or blood-pressure treatments.
Q: How do GLP-1s affect behavior and weight management?
According to Dr. Lewis, GLP-1s can create a sense of instant gratification, leading people to rely on the drug instead of addressing underlying habits.
Without changes to nutrition, exercise, stress management, and sleep routines, individuals may regain weight once the medication is stopped. The drugs do not address the behavioral causes of weight gain, making lasting results less likely without lifestyle adjustments.
Q: What should people know before using GLP-1s?
While GLP-1 drugs can help with weight loss, Dr. Lewis emphasizes the importance of considering potential risks, side effects, and unknown long-term impacts.
He encourages focusing on the root causes of weight gain, including diet, activity, and other lifestyle factors, rather than relying solely on medication.