Shares on Wall Street – a metric closely watched by Trump – rose modestly Friday after the decision, which had been expected.

Business groups largely cheered the ruling, with the National Retail Federation saying this “provides much-needed certainty” for companies.

In court arguments, the Trump administration said companies would receive refunds if the tariffs were deemed unlawful. But the Supreme Court’s ruling did not address the issue. 

Trump said he expected years of litigation on whether to provide refunds. Kavanaugh noted the refund process could be a “mess”.

Several countries have said they are studying the Supreme Court ruling and Trump’s subsequent tariff announcements. 

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz said Saturday he would hold talks with European allies to formulate “a very clear European position” and a joint response to Washington before he travels to the US capital in early March.

On the domestic front, Pennsylvania Governor Josh Shapiro, a Democrat, said on X it was time for Trump to “listen to the Supreme Court, end chaotic tariffs, and stop wreaking havoc on our farmers, small business owners, and families”