Photos showed Dua wore a white skirt suit with a wide-brimmed hat and carried a yellow bouquet as she emerged from the venue hand in hand with Callum, who opted for a fitted double-breasted navy suit.
Guests threw confetti over the couple as they walked down the steps together before leaving in a black car.
Family members were heard joking about Dua’s low-key departure, saying she had wanted a black cab for her wedding day.
The ceremony lasted between 30 and 40 minutes, with the couple cheered on by their nearest relatives before embracing in the back of the vehicle as they drove away.
Attention will now turn to Sicily, where preparations are underway for a lavish celebration expected to attract some of the biggest names in music and fashion.
Sir Elton John, Mark Ronson, Charli XCX, Donatella Versace and Simon Porte Jacquemus are among those expected to attend.
The celebrations are set to take place across Villa Igiea and the 17th-century Villa Valguarnera in Bagheria, overlooking the Tyrrhenian Sea.
Before the wedding, Dua is believed to have travelled to Italy to meet Donatella and finalise details of a bespoke gown.
Friends have reportedly said they expect her to wear a custom Atelier Versace design because of her longstanding friendship with the fashion designer.
A source close to the wedding arrangements told the Daily Mail: “This is going to be the coolest wedding, and so glam. Both Dua and Callum have been so excited and have been really involved with the planning. They want it to be epic.”
The marriage comes less than a year after Dua publicly confirmed their engagement during an interview with British Vogue.
She said: “Yeah, we’re engaged. It’s very exciting.
“This decision to grow old together, to see a life and just, I don’t know, be best friends forever – it’s a really special feeling.”
Speaking previously about wedding plans, Dua said she wanted to complete her touring commitments while Callum finished filming projects before they married.
She said: “I want to finish my tour, Callum’s shooting, so we’re just enjoying this period.
“I’ve never been someone who’s really thought about a wedding or dreamt about what kind of bride I would be. All of a sudden, I’m like: ‘Oh, what would I wear?’”
Dua also spoke about her engagement ring, saying: “It’s nice to know the person that you’re going to spend the rest of your life with knows you very well”.
The singer added she would like to have children in the future, saying: “I’d love to have kids one day”.
“But it’s like the constant question of when would there ever be a good time – how it would fit in with my job and how it would work if I went on tour, and how much time out I’d have to take?”